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| Registros recuperados: 900 | |
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| David Basanta; Robert Gatenby; Alexander R. A. Anderson. |
| Although many anti cancer therapies are successful in killing a large percentage of tumour cells when initially administered, the evolutionary dynamics underpinning tumour progression mean that often resistance is an inevitable outcome, allowing for new tumour phenotypes to emerge that are unhindered by the therapy. Research in the field of ecology suggests that an evolutionary double bind could be an effective way to treat tumours. In an evolutionary double bind two therapies are used in combination such that evolving resistance to one leaves individuals more susceptible to the other. In this paper we present a general evolutionary game theory model of a double bind to study the effect that such approach would have in cancer. Furthermore we use this... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Ecology; Pharmacology; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6380/version/1 |
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| Shi Huang. |
| The genetic equidistance result shows that sister species are approximately equidistant to an outgroup as measured by DNA or protein dissimilarity. The equidistance result is the most direct evidence, and remains the only evidence, for the constant mutation rate interpretation of this result, known as the molecular clock. However, data independent of the equidistance result have steadily accumulated in recent years that often violate a constant mutation rate. Many have automatically inferred non-equidistance whenever a non-constant mutation rate was observed, based on the unproven assumption that the equidistance result is an outcome of constant mutation rate. Here it is shown that the equidistance result remains valid even when different species can... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics & Genomics; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1733/version/1 |
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| Olga Lyashevska. |
| Biodiversity is a multi-dimensional concept that is represented by a large variety of measures. This complexity and lack of consistency limits the development of a coherent scientific understanding of biodiversity and how properties, such as ecosystem services, may depend on it. Here, I demonstrate that the formal discipline of creating a relational database (RDB) for information about biodiversity and its measures, is a useful tool in organising such knowledge into coherent sense. Following steps of the logical database design and data normalization to build a RDB, results in a formal definition of biodiversity within a well defined concept structure; mapping rules between the concepts of biodiversity and entities of RDB and a consistent information... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3327/version/1 |
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| Steven D. Allison. |
| *Background/Question/Methods*
Micro-organisms, including Bacteria, Archaea, and Fungi, control major processes throughout the Earth system. Recent advances in microbial ecology and microbiology have revealed an astounding level of genetic and metabolic diversity in microbial communities. However, a framework for interpreting the meaning of this diversity has lagged behind the initial discoveries. Microbial communities have yet to be included explicitly in any major biogeochemical models in terrestrial ecosystems, and have only recently broken into ocean models. Although simplification of microbial communities is essential in complex systems, omission of community parameters may seriously compromise model predictions of biogeochemical... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth & Environment. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3633/version/1 |
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| Samuel H. Taylor; Mark Rees; Stephen P. Hulme; Rob Freckleton; Brad S. Ripley; F. I. Woodward; Colin P. Osborne. |
| C4 photosynthesis is an important example of convergent evolution in plants, having arisen in eudicots, monocots and diatoms. Comparisons between such diverse groups are confounded by phylogenetic and ecological differences, so that only broad generalisations can be made about the role of C4 photosynthesis in
determining ecophysiological traits. However, 60% of C4 species occur in the grasses (Poaceae) and molecular phylogenetic techniques confirm that there are between 8 and 17 independent origins of C4 photosynthesis in the Poaceae. In a screening experiment, we compared leaf physiology and growth traits across several major
independent C3 & C4 groups within the Poaceae, asking 1) which traits differ... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3937/version/1 |
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| Michael G. Ikonomou; Sierra Rayne; Norman F. Crewe. |
| Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were examined as a function of depth in killer whale (Orcinus orca) blubber samples. Lipid-normalized concentrations of PCBs, PCDD/Fs, and PBDEs did not display significant variation with depth in three distinct blubber layers (outer, central, and inner). Significantly more variation in contaminant concentrations were observed with depth on a wet weight basis for the killer whale sample. The current study indicates that non-invasive microdart biopsy sampling methods commonly used for monitoring contaminants in marine mammals yield representative details on contaminant burdens for chlorinated and... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth & Environment. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/638/version/1 |
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| Scott D. Farnsworth; Richard A. Seigel; Patrick W. Cain. |
| *Background/Question/Methods*

Human development represents a serious threat to wildlife populations through continued habitat loss and incidental mortality from construction activities. Resource managers responsible for protecting species with legal status or high public profile are faced with difficult decisions on how to best manage populations located in construction zones. One approach to mitigate mortalities is to relocate individuals. The effectiveness of translocation for reptiles and amphibians has been questioned, with studies often reporting higher mortality and increased movements of translocated individuals. Translocations of reptiles and amphibians have primarily involved moving animals long distances,... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3678/version/1 |
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| Gwendolyn Robbins; Veena Tripathy; VN Misra; RK Mohanty; VS Shinde; Kelsey Gray; Malcolm Schug. |
| Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by _Mycobacterium leprae_ that affects almost 500,000 people worldwide^1^. The timing of first infection, geographic origin, and pattern of transmission of the disease are unknown^1-3^. Comparative genomics research has recently suggested _M. leprae_ evolved in East Africa or South Asia before spreading to Europe and the rest of the World^4-5^. The earliest accepted textual evidence indicates that leprosy existed in India by at least 600 B.C. and was known in Europe by 400 B.C.^6-7^. The earliest skeletal evidence was dated 300-200 B.C. in Egypt^8^ and Thailand^9^. Here, we report the presence of lepromatous leprosy in skeletal remains from Balathal, a Chalcolithic site (2300-1550 B.C.) in India^10-11^. A... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2745/version/1 |
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| Anurup Gohain Barua; Simanta Hazarika; Nayanmoni Saikia; Gaurangadhar Baruah. |
| We have recorded _in vivo_ emission and time-resolved spectra of the firefly species _Pyrophorus noctilucus_. The emission spectrum shows the FWHM value for this particular species to be 55 nm, which is significantly smaller than the half widths reported till now. The time-resolved spectrum reveals that a flash, of duration about a hundred milliseconds, is in fact composed of a number of microsecond pulses. This result suggests that the speed of the enzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescence reaction in the firefly for the emission of light is much greater than is believed to be. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1351/version/1 |
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| Kyle Barrett; Craig Guyer. |
| Background/Question/Methods
As urbanization increases across the globe, more ecologists have taken note of its consequences to stream systems. Sufficient data have been collected to document repeated patterns in urbanized streams for many abiotic parameters, aquatic insects, and fish. For example, we now know that urbanized streams experience more frequent and intense spates as a result of increased runoff form impervious surfaces in the urban watershed. The spates eventually lead to a more incised and wider stream bed. Such abiotic shifts consistently result in decreased aquatic invertebrate and fish diversity. More recently, stream-breeding salamanders have been observed to decrease in density in urban areas. We monitored the density of... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3972/version/1 |
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| Diego Ferraro. |
| Current agricultural models have an increasing dependence on non-renewable resources that have significant implications for the ecosystem health. Pesticides are considered one main impact force that affects both the structure and functions of agroecosystems. In this work we presented results from the application of an environmental pesticide risk assessment of a large database of cropping systems in the Inland Pampa (Argentina) where, since 1990, the traditional mixed grazing–cropping systems were being replaced by permanent agriculture and the intensification of pesticide use has increased significantly. However, there is no clear awareness of the ecotoxicological risk associated with these land use changes. The ecotoxicological risk on both... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5215/version/1 |
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| Roderic D. M. Page. |
| Although the Web has transformed science publishing, scientific papers themselves are still essentially "black boxes", with much of their content intended for human readers only. Typically, computer-readable metadata associated with an article is limited to bibliographic details. By expanding article metadata to include taxonomic names, identifiers for cited material (e.g., publications, sequences, specimens, and other data), and geographical coordinates, publishers could greatly increase the scientific value of their digital content. At the same time this will provide novel ways for users to discover and navigate through this content, beyond the relatively limited linkage provided by bibliographic... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3173/version/1 |
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| Mohit Bhardwaj; Leena Bharadwaj; Kritika Trigunayat; Madan Mohan Trigunayat. |
| Several organism show a rhythm based behavior in their life. Mosquitoes are surviving successfully since ancient time on earth while lots of biological creatures have been extinct. Thus it is interesting to study their population load. Climatic conditions affect mosquito population significantly so on the basis of malaria cases their population is estimated in present study in Indian geographical scenario. In this study it was found that their annual population load show a scientific rhythm. A schematic wave form representation is also presented here to show mosquito population load. This study will be helpful in malaria vector eradication and health care policies. 
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| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4569/version/1 |
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| Emiliana Simon-Thomas; Disa Sauter; Lara Sinicropi-Yao; Anna Abramson; Dacher Keltner. |
| Studies of emotion signaling have proven critical to scientific advances in understanding emotion, informing claims about the evolutionary origins of different emotions1, the central and peripheral nervous system correlates of emotion 2 3 and even which states warrant consideration in emotion taxonomies 4. An initial wave of empirical studies of emotion-related facial expression5 and vocalization 6 7 has concentrated almost exclusively on a limited set of emotions - anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, happiness, and tenderness. More recent work on emotional facial expressions has expanded this framework, documenting reliable displays of other emotions like embarrassment and shame 8, pride 9, and love and desire 10 . Here, we present two studies that... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1356/version/1 |
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| Peter A. Henderson; Anne E. Magurran. |
| The universal observation that some species in an ecological community are common, but many more are rare, is neatly encapsulated in a species abundance distribution (SAD)1. However, the shape of the distribution can depend on the currency used to measure abundance 2. Here we show how the SADs for numerical abundance and biomass are related and how this relationship can be used to predict the form of the SAD. When plotted in log numerical abundance, log biomass space, species points lie within an approximately triangular area the limits of which are set by body size range, and the upper limit of abundance in both metrics. Under the simplifying, but reasonable, assumption that the observed scatter of species within this region is random, the shape of the... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1405/version/1 |
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| Mark Kuhlmann; Anthony Prisciondaro; Megan Irland; Greg Hamilton; Sara Caldwell; Ryan Oliver. |
| Rusty crayfish (_Orconectes rusticus_) have invaded streams of the upper Susquehanna River catchment (New York, USA), replacing native crayfish and probably increasing overall crayfish density. Crayfish are important consumers and agents of disturbance in aquatic communities, so the introduction and expansion of rusty crayfish could affect the invaded community through the change in crayfish species composition, the increase in crayfish density, or some combination of the two. Other macroinvertebrates are prey of, competitors with, or subject to disturbance by crayfish and so are likely to be affected by changes in the crayfish assemblage. We conducted correlative field sampling and an enclosure experiment to investigate the effects of invading _O.... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3701/version/1 |
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| Marco Cosentino Lagomarsino; Alessandro Sellerio; Philip Heijning; Bruno Bassetti. |
| The availability of many genome sequences gives us abundant information, which is, however, very difficult to decode. As a consequence, in order to advance our understanding of biological processes at the whole-cell scale, it becomes very important to develop higher-level, synthetic descriptions of the contents of a genome. At the protein level, an effective scale of description is provided by protein domains. Domains are independent unit-shapes (or "folds") forming proteins. They are structurally stable and have thermodynamic origin. A domain determines a set of potential functions and interactions for the protein that carries it, for example DNA- or protein-binding capability or catalytic sites. Protein domains are found on genomes with... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics & Genomics; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1376/version/1 |
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| Adrian G. Dyer; Alan Dorin; Verena Reinhardt; Marcello G. P. Rosa. |
| Foraging bees use colour cues to help identify rewarding from unrewarding flowers, but as conditions change, bees may require behavioural flexibility to reverse their learnt preferences. Perceptually similar colours are learnt slowly by honeybees and thus potentially pose a difficult task to reverse-learn. Free-flying honeybees (N = 32) were trained to learn a fine colour discrimination task that could be resolved at ca. 70% accuracy following extended differential conditioning, and were then tested for their ability to reverse-learn this visual problem multiple times. Subsequent analyses identified three different strategies: ‘Deliberative-decisive’ bees that could, after several flower visits, decisively make a large change to... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7037/version/1 |
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| Shinji Sugiura. |
| The Hawaiian Islands have allowed insects to evolve unique habits, because the islands are isolated and originally lacked predators, such as ants and wasps. Ambush carnivorous caterpillars (_Eupithecia_ spp.; Lepidoptera: Geometridae) provide a remarkable example of a feeding behaviour unique to the Hawaiian Islands. Their prey includes various arthropods species. _Eupithecia_ larvae even attack predatory arthropods such as parasitoids. However, it is unclear whether _Eupithecia_ can attack ants. Here, I examined whether _Eupithecia orichloris_ can attack the invasive ant _Pheidole megacephala_ under laboratory conditions. _Eupithecia orichloris_ could successfully attack the minor worker of _P. megacephala_. However, the major worker of _P. megacephala_... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5374/version/1 |
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| Edison Macusi. |
| Tropical rocky shores have been described as diverse and having a complex variety of consumers. This wide array of consumers has been studied to shed light on the different roles of consumers, particularly grazers on rocky shores and how they affect the relative abundance and distribution of sessile algal prey. One of the aims of ecology is to clarify factors that regulate and structure the abundance, growth and relationship of predators and preys in each habitat. Grazing is known as one of the most important determinants of growth and distribution of rocky shore communities. In this study a comparison between the different effects of fishes, crabs and molluscan herbivores on the relative abundances of microalgae and macroalgae from micro (hundreds of... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth & Environment. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2267/version/1 |
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| Registros recuperados: 900 | |
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