SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Blackman, Allen; Sisto, Nicholas.

The city of Leon, Guanajuato, is Mexico's leather goods capital and a notorious environmental hotspot. Over the past two decades, four high-profile voluntary agreements aimed at controlling pollution from Leon's tanneries have yielded few concrete results. To understand why, this paper reconstructs the history of these initiatives, along with that of local environmental regulatory capacity. Juxtaposing these two timelines suggests that the voluntary pollution control agreements were both motivated by-and undermined by-gaps in the legal, institutional, physical, and civic infrastructures needed to make regulation effective. Our analysis offers a concrete definition of environmental regulatory capacity, provides insights into how it evolves, and demonstrates...

The Effects of Environmental Regulation On Technology Diffusion: The Case of Chlorine Manufacturing

Palavras-chave: Environment; Voluntary agreement; Regulatory capacity; Latin America; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; O13; O54.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10570

Snyder, Lori D.; Miller, Nolan; Stavins, Robert N..

We use a hazard model to estimate the effect of environmental regulation on the diffusion of membrane cell production technology in the chlorine manufacturing industry. We estimate the effect of regulation on both the adoption of the membrane technology at existing plants and on the exit of existing plants using older technologies. We find that environmental regulation did affect the diffusion of the cleaner technology in the chlorine industry. However, it did so not by encouraging the adoption of membrane cells by existing facilities, but by reducing the demand for chlorine and hence encouraging the shutdown of facilities using the environmentally inferior options.

O CONSUMO CONSCIENTE NA AGRICULTURA, O CASO DA DESTINAÇÃO FINAL DAS EMBALAGENS DE AGROTÓXICOS EM PIRACICABA (SP)

Palavras-chave: Regulation; Technological change; Environment; Hazard model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q28; L50; L65.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10554

Vignotto, Francine Meca; Spers, Eduardo Eugenio.

O consumidor consciente tem um papel importante na sociedade ao adotar práticas em suas escolhas cotidianas que privilegiam aspectos como sustentabilidade e responsabilidade social. A atividade agrícola é conhecida por seu impacto no meio ambiente e a decisão de minimizá-lo recai em geral sobre um indivíduo, o produtor rural. Com base em uma escala de consciência sobre tratos culturais agrícolas considerados corretos e exigidos por lei, este trabalho verifica como o agricultor, em especial o produtor de hortaliças em espaços urbanos, comporta-se diante de questões ambientais e sociais, frente o uso das embalagens de agrotóxicos, por exemplo, Foram entrevistados 21 horticultores de Piracicaba, interior de São Paulo. Os resultados indicaram que metade dos...

The Role of Agricultural Consultants in the New Zealand Research, Development and Extension System

Palavras-chave: Consumo consciente; Meio ambiente; Agricultor; Embalagem; Conscience Consumption; Environment; Agriculturist; Packing; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109627

Botha, Neels; Coutts, Jeff; Roth, Hein.

This paper discusses the findings from a pilot study of New Zealand agricultural consultants aiming to describe the role of agricultural consultancy within the New Zealand RD&E system with specific reference to their role in environmental management. The study comprised a literature review, interviews with informed persons and case studies. Agricultural consultants generally operate chiefly in the area of farm economics and management, but their positioning makes them well-placed for impacting positively on environmental management on farms. They assist producer decision-making by providing industry intelligence, up-to-date information and analysis of options. Consultants fulfil the role of knowledge broker reasonably effectively, but some were out of...

The Consequences of Corruption: Evidences from China

Palavras-chave: Agricultural consultants; Environment; RD&E system; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31971

Dong, Bin; Torgler, Benno.

With complementary Chinese data sets and alternative corruption measures, we explore the consequences of corruption. Adopting a novel approach we provide evidence that corruption can have both, positive and negative effects, on economic development. The overall impact of corruption might be the balance of the two simultaneous effects within a specific institutional environment (“grease the wheels” and “sand the wheels”). Corruption is observed to considerably increase income inequality in China. We also find that corruption strongly reduces tax revenue. Looking at things from an expenditure point of view we observe that corruption significantly decreases government spending on education, R&D and public health in China. We also observe that regional...

SWINE '95 PART I: REFERENCE OF 1995 SWINE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Palavras-chave: Corruption; China; Government; Economic Development; Inequality; Environment; Political Economy; D720; H110; K420.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91006

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System 2011

Bush, Eric J..

This report is the first of a three-part release of national information from the second National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) swine study, the Swine '95 Grower/Finisher. The first national study, 1990 National Swine Survey, focused on farrowing sows and preweaning piglets. For the Swine '95 Study, the USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) collaborated with Veterinary Services (VS) to select a producer sample that was statistically designed to provide inferences to the nation's swine population. Data for this report were collected from 1,477 producers in sixteen major pork production states, accounting for nearly 91 percent of the U.S. hog inventory and nearly three fourths of U.S. pork producers. By percent of pigs contained,...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: NAHMS; Swine; Monitoring; Epidemiology; Production; Nursery; Grower/finisher; Mortality; Weaning; Disease; Breeding; Facilities; Waste management; Manure; Vaccination; Biosecurity; Environment; Carcass disposal; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32739

Risky Activities and Strict Liability Rules: Delegating Safety

This 2011 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system. It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide: an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system; a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system. Charts and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize information and to provide base performance indicators. The 2011 report begins with a special feature that provides a description of young farmers in Canada including their numbers by farm size, province and farm...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agri-food; R&D; Consumers; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Young farmers; Farm typology; Income; Government support; Trade; Productivity; Food processing; Food manufacturing; Environment; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103047

Mondello, Gerard.

This paper studies the delegation of activities that pose serious risks to health and the environment in an economy regulated by strict liability schemes. Strict liability induces judgment-proof possibilities. Two civil liability regimes are then compared: a strict liability scheme and a capped strict liability one. The argument is led under a twofold asymmetric information assumption between the principal and the agent: the efficiency level in effort for safety and the agent’s level of wealth. The paper shows that standard strict liability under information asymmetries deters the efficient agent to compete and favors adverse selection. Then, under conditions, a capped strict liability regime is a better regime than a standard strict liability one because...

Identification Of Important Criteria In Farm Systems Decisions Around Lake Taupo

Palavras-chave: Environment; Strict Liability; Ex-Ante Regulation; Ex-Post Liability; Judgment-Proof; Environment Law; CERCLA; Environmental Liability; Health Economics and Policy; K0; K32; Q01; Q58.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94736

Dooley, A.E.; Smeaton, D.; Ledgard, S.F..

Nitrogen leaching from agriculture contributes to contamination of Lake Taupo. Multiple criteria decision making was used to compare fourteen pre-defined farming systems which reduced, or maintained nitrogen losses. Case study participants included three to four each of Maori Incorporation representatives, owner-operators, Environment Waikato employees, and researchers. The total group identified criteria that were important in choosing between the systems. Profit and nitrogen outputs were provided for the systems. Individuals weighted criteria and subjectively scored each system’s performance against the remaining criteria. Systems were ranked using this information. Variation within and between groups was considerable. Key criteria included: profit; farm...

Abatement Technology and the Environment-Growth Nexus with Education

Palavras-chave: Farm systems; Decision making; Agriculture; Environment; Nitrogen leaching; Multiple criteria decision making; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98504

Pautrel, Xavier.

This article challenges the conventional result that a tighter environmental tax has no long-run effect on human capital accumulation in the presence of pollution arising from final output production. It demonstrates that the technology used in the abatement sector determines the existence and the direction of the growth-effect. A tighter environmental tax rises (respectively reduces) human capital accumulation in the presence of pollution arising from final production, if the abatement sector is relatively more intensive in human (resp. physical) capital than final sector. That result always holds for finite lifetime but for infinite lifetime it only holds when labor supply is endogenous. The transitional impact of a tighter environmental policy is also...

On the Economics of Precision Agriculture: Technical, Informational and Environmental Aspects

Palavras-chave: Growth; Environment; Overlapping Generations; Human Capital; Abatement; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q5; Q58.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101379

Anvec, Tihomir; Whelan, Brett; McBratney, Alex.

The paper presents an integrated framework of biophysical and economic modelling as a novel approach towards precision agriculture research. A theoretical economic model determining the optimal number of precision agriculture management units within a given field of land is presented. The model is expanded to account for the value of the research information provided be the precision agriculture researchers. Since the inherent environmental values associated with precision agriculture are often omitted from the economic analysis, an attempt is made to incorporate these values into the model. The versions of the model are empirically tested using the data available.

Diagnosis and evaluation of fungi presence in the air of two different ventilation sytems for broiler houses

Palavras-chave: Economics; Precision agriculture; Environment; Information; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58362

Gigli,ACS; Baracho,MS; Nääs,IA; Silva,RA; Zago,R; Dall'Anese,FP.

Intensive broiler production in tropical climates requires adequate air circulation to control heat stress. Excess of air speed may lead to dust production and reduction of air quality and, consequently, production parameters. Brazilian regulations prohibit the presence of pathogens that may deteriorate air quality, and the presence of fungi in the air inside the poultry houses is limited to 750CFU/m³. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of fungi in two distinct types of broiler houses. The research compared two types of air ventilation: conventional (G1) and positive tunnel ventilation (G2). The fungi were collected using a dust sampling pump, with the air flow calibrated to 1.5 L/min. The filter impregnated with dust was submitted to...

Effect of dietary betaine supplementation on the performance, carcass yield, and intestinal morphometrics of broilers submitted to heat stress

Palavras-chave: Environment; Fungi; Poultry housing.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2005000400002

Sakomura,NK; Barbosa,NAA; Longo,FA; Silva,EP da; Bonato,MA; Fernandes,JBK.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of betaine in methionine- and choline-reduced diets fed to broilers submitted to heat stress. In total, 1,408 male broilers were randomly distributed into eight treatments, according to 2 x 4 (environment x diet) factorial arrangement, with eight replicates of 2 birds each. Birds were reared environmental chambers under controlled temperature (25-26 °C) or cyclic heat-stressing temperature (25-31 °C). The following diets were tested: positive control (PC), formulated to meet broiler nutritional requirements; negative control (NC), with reduced DL-methionine and choline chloride levels; and with two supplementation levels of natural betaine to the negative control diet (NC+NB1 and NC+NB2). Live...

Palavras-chave: Additives; Environment; Methionine; Temperature.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2013000200005

Teles,PFS; Boiago,MM; Frigo,A; Rampazzo,L; Araújo,DN; Kich,JD; Rebelatto,R; Furian,TQ; Stefani,LM.

ABSTRACT Brazil is the largest exporter of chicken meat and poultry farming is one of the most important productive segments, despite major losses due to the bacterium Escherichia coli, which is also a zoonotic microorganism. The objetive of this study was to isolate E. coli and to evaluate its transmissibility potential from the field to chicken meat using the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) technique. Environmental samples (poultry litter, soil and water) were collected from broiler farms located in the South of Brazil where the majority of the Brazilian poultry production occurs. In addition, chicken meat (gizzard, heart, drumette and tulip) samples were collected from local supermarkets. As results, 47.36% of the samples were positives for E....

Environmental and physiological variables during the catching of broilers

Palavras-chave: Environment; Epidemiology; Microbiology; Public health; Pulsed field gel electrophoresis.

Ano: 2021

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2021000100308

Queiroz,ML de V; Barbosa Filho,JAD; Duarte,LM; Brasil,D de F; Gadelha,CRF.

The objective of this study was to determine the critical points of the operation of broiler catching for transport to the processing plant from animal and operational perspectives. During catching, chickens, environmental variables (temperature and relative humidity) were constantly monitored to determine the Enthalpy Comfort Index (IEC). Also, the physiological variable rectal temperature (RT) was monitored as an indicator of stress suffered by the birds during this handling procedure. Bird welfare were evaluated by analyzing their behavior. The bag method was effective to prevent the struggling of birds while being taken from the broiler house to the transport truck, reducing physical injuries and losses during catching.

Salmonella Enteritidis in Layer Farms of Different Sizes Located in Northern China: On-Farm Sampling and Detection by the PCR Method

Palavras-chave: Animal welfare; Environment; Poultry; Pre-slaughter; Rectal temperature.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2015000100037

Li,X; Liu,L; Li,Q; Xu,G; Zheng,J.

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) has caused foodborne infections over decades. It is transmitted mainly from contaminated eggs to humans. SE is commonly present in layer houses, and closely interacts with environmental factors. The objective of the present study was to develop a viable PCR method to identify SE in environmental samples collected in layer farms of different sizes, and to evaluate SE contamination status in four main egg-production provinces of northern China. After specificity retrieval using Primer-BLAST against the NCBI database, three SE specific oligonucleotide primers were selected as candidate primers. The primers targeting Prot6e gene were adopted and primers targeting Sdf I were also...

Correlations between thermal environment and egg quality of two layer commercial strains

Palavras-chave: Environment; Layer farm; PCR; Salmonella Enteritidis.

Ano: 2017

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2017000300377

Pereira,DF; Vitorasso,G; Oliveira,SC; Kakimoto,SK; Togashi,CK; Soares,NM.

Heat stress limits the productivity of laying hens, as reflected by egg production and egg quality. The present study aimed at showing the correlations between egg quality parameters and environmental variables recorded on the day eggs were laid and on the previous days. Birds were housed in battery cages in a commercial poultry house. Main component analyses were used to verify associations between environmental and production variables, and Pearson's linear correlation tests were used to further investigate those associations. Analyses were carried out separately for to layer strains, Dekalb® White and Hy-Line® w36, and the variables egg weight (g), eggshell weight (g), specific gravity (g/cm³) and eggshell percentage (%) were compared with the...

Egg quality in layers housed in different production systems and submitted to two environmental conditions

Palavras-chave: Cage; Egg quality; Environment; Layer; Poultry house.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2008000200002

Barbosa Filho,JAD; Silva,MAN; Silva,IJO; Coelho,AAD.

The production system using cages is a highly polemical issue in Europe, because of the space restriction imposed to laying hens. It is considered that the cage system might compromise important comfort movements, welfare and egg quality. This study evaluated egg quality and welfare of two strains of hens housed in a conventional system (battery laying cages) or litter system with nest and perches, and submitted to heat stress or comfort conditions. Two groups of 20 birds (10 Hy-line W36 and 10 Hy-line Brown) were submitted to two environmental conditions (26°C and 60% RH or 35°C and 70% RH) and two housing systems (cages or litter) in the early production phase. Egg quality was analyzed based on egg weight, eggshell thickness, specific gravity, and Haugh...

Thermal comfort zones for starter meat-type quails

Palavras-chave: Egg quality; Environment; Housing systems; Laying hens.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2006000100003

Sousa,MS; Tinôco,I de FF; Amaral,AG; Inoue,KRA; Barreto,SL; Savastano Jr,H; Souza,CF; Paula,MO.

The objective of this study was to determine thermal comfort ranges, as evaluated by air temperature and black-glove temperature and humidity index (BGTHI), for starter meat-type quails. Nine hundred quails were randomly distributed into five environmental chambers. Each chamber was programmed to provide different temperatures weekly. The following thermal environments were provided: SC - severe cold, MC - moderate cold, TC - recommended comfort environment, MH - moderate heat, and SH - severe heat. The best live performance was obtained when quails were submitted to temperatures of 36-39 ºC and BGTHI of 87.1 ± 0.4 and 91.4 ± 0.6 during the first week of rearing. Temperatures of 27-30 ºC and BGTHI of 75.8 ± 0.4 and 79.9 ± 0.6, during the second week, and...

Hydraulic conductivity and soil-sewage sludge interactions

Palavras-chave: Environment; Coturnix; Performance; Livability.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2014000300006

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

Ferreira,Silvio Romero de Melo; Oliveira,Joaquim Teodoro Romão de; Messias,Arminda Saconi; Silva,Hannelore Alves e; Nascimento,Aline Elesbão do; Feitosa,Maria Célia Alves.

One of the main problems faced by humanity is pollution caused by residues resulting from the production and use of goods, e.g, sewage sludge. Among the various alternatives for its disposal, the agricultural use seems promising. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic conductivity and interaction of soil with sandy-silty texture, classified as Spodosols, from the Experimental Station Itapirema - IPA, in Goiana, state of Pernambuco, in mixtures with sewage sludge from the Mangueira Sewage Treatment Station, in the city of Recife, Pernambuco at rates of 25, 50 and 75 Mg ha-1. Tests were conducted to let water percolate the natural saturated soil and soil-sludge mixtures to characterize their physical, chemical, and microstructural properties...