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| Registros recuperados: 85 | |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Parks, Joanna C.. |
| The Australian Mushroom Growers Association (AMGA) has recently developed a revised marketing strategy to promote mushrooms using messages based on scientific findings about the nutrition and health consequences of regularly incorporating mushrooms into meals. This article evaluates impacts based on a test-market experiment in Tasmania. We use a difference-in-differences econometric methodology to quantify the program-induced shifts in demand, and we use the resulting estimates in a supply and demand modeling framework to quantify the effects of promotion-induced demand shifts on prices, quantities, and measures of economic well-being. We estimate a conservative benefit-cost ratio for Tasmanian producers of 7.6:1 if they were to bear the entire cost and... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124359 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Marra, Michele C.; Pardey, Philip G.; Wyatt, T.J.. |
| A total of 294 studies of returns to agricultural R&D (including extension) were compiled and these studies provide 1,858 separate estimates of rates of return. This includes some extreme values, which are implausible. Then the highest and lowest 2.5 percent of the rates of return were set aside, the estimated annual rates of return averaged 73 percent overall—88 percent for research only, 45 percent for research and extension, and 79 percent for extension only. But these averages reveal little meaningful information from a large and diverse body of literature, which provides rate-of –return estimates that are often not directly comparable. The purpose of this study was to go behind the average, and try to account for the sources of differences, in a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16056 |
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| Andersen, Matthew A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G.. |
| Measures of productivity growth are often pro-cyclical. This study focuses on measurement errors in capital inputs, associated with unobserved variations in capital utilization rates, as an explanation for the existence of pro-cyclical patterns in measures of agricultural productivity. Recently constructed national and state-specific indexes of inputs, outputs, and productivity in U.S. agriculture for 1949-2002 are used to estimate production functions in growth rate form that include proxy variables for changes in the utilization of durable inputs. The proxy variables include an index of farmers’ terms of trade and an index of local seasonal growing conditions. We find that utilization responses by farmers are significant and bias measures of productivity... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7314 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Balagtas, Joseph Valdes; Brunke, Henrich; Sumner, Daniel A.. |
| During the negotiations on the Australia–US free trade agreement (AUSFTA), the US dairy industry vigorously opposed opening the US market to imports of Australian dairy products on the grounds that the US industry would be devastated. Subsequently, the agreement signed in February 2004 made an exception for dairy, providing for only limited quota expansion and no free trade, even at the end of the long implementation period. This paper presents a simulation model of world dairy markets, represented by supply and demand equations for fat and non-fat components of milk and manufactured dairy products. We use the model to analyse the effects on US milk markets of both a hypothetical agreement, allowing free bilateral trade in dairy products, and the actual... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Australia–US trade agreement; Components model; Dairy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116926 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Quilkey, John J.. |
| Where the production of milk for sale on the fresh milk market at 'controlled' prices is subject to nontransferable quotas the holders of quota who wish to maximise profits have a motive to maintain production above the quota level to insure against variations in demand for over-quota sales and yield. The concept of 'production of milk as insurance' is used to clarify the way in which such behaviour gives rise to social costs which could be avoided in a competitive market, by a permissive attitude to arbitrage, or where quotas can be traded. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1980 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22914 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Chalfant, James A.. |
| The nonparametric approach to consumer-demand analysis-based on revealed-preference axioms-is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to questions of size and power of tests for consistency of data with the existence of a stable, well-behaved utility function that could have generated the data. An application to Australian meat demand is used to show how these notions can be quantified and how prior information about elasticities, following Sakong and Hayes, may be used to increase the power of the approach. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
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| Ano: 1992 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28992 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G.; Smith, Vincent H.. |
| Governments everywhere are trimming their support for agricultural R&D, giving greater scrutiny to the support that they do provide, and reforming the public agencies that fund, oversee, and carry out the research. This represents a break from previous patterns, which had consisted of expansion in the public funds for agricultural R&D. Private‐sector spending on agricultural research has slowed along with the growth of public spending in recent years, but the balance continues to shift towards the private sector. This article presents a quantitative review of these funding trends and the considerable institutional changes that have accompanied them. We discuss new data for 22 OECD countries, providing institutional details for five of these... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117222 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Andersen, Matthew A.; Pardey, Philip G.. |
| A common observation is that measures of productivity growth are pro-cyclical, meaning they are higher (or grow faster) on average during periods of economic expansion than during periods of economic contraction. This study focuses on measurement errors related to capital inputs as an explanation for the existence of pro-cyclical patterns in measures of agricultural productivity. Calculating a time series of capital inputs is difficult and prone to errors. Myriad assumptions are required to construct a typical measure of the capital stock, and further, sometimes related, assumptions must be made about the utilization of the stock to derive a measure of capital service flows. We test the hypothesis that unmeasured changes in the utilization of capital... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21220 |
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| Alston, Julian M.. |
| The literature on measuring the size and distribution of returns to research has paid increasing attention of late to questions that require a multimarket framework. These questions include the distribution of benefits among stages of a multistage process or among factors of production (i.e. the vertical incidence) and the distribution across different markets either for the same product in different places or for different products (the horizontal incidence). The latter may be regarded as including quality change which has attracted recent attention. In much of the literature, a linear elasticity modeling approach has been used to obtain measures of the consequences of research-induced supply shifts for prices and quantities which, in turn, are used to... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1991 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12462 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Freebairn, John W.; James, Jennifer S.. |
| Commodity levies are used increasingly to fund producer collective goods such as research and promotion. In the present paper we examine theoretical relationships between producer and national benefits from levy‐funded research, and consider the implications for the appropriate rates of matching government grants, applied with a view to achieving a closer match between producer and national interests. In many cases the producer and national optima coincide. First, regardless of the form of the supply shift, when product demand is perfectly elastic, or all the product is exported, domestic benefits and costs of levy‐funded research all go to producers and they have appropriate incentives. Second, if research causes a parallel supply shift, the producer... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117861 |
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| Registros recuperados: 85 | |
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