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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Scouting is the most widely used integrated pest management (IPM) technique. It has been argued that only independent crop consultants provide unbiased scouting information. In contrast, chemical dealers inflate scouting reports and/or reduce economic thresholds in order to increase pesticide sales while farmers may use excessively low treatment thresholds due to risk aversion and/or overestimation of pest pressure. Since the majority of scouting is done by farmers and chemical dealer employees, it follows that scouting may not be a very effective means of reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. This study applies an implicit demand formulation of the Lichtenberg-Zilberman damage abatement model to data from a survey of Maryland field crop growers to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28600 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| There is growing interest in green payments subsidizing conservation measures on working farmland based on the premise that they have positive effects on the environment and agriculture simultaneously without causing international trade distortions. This paper uses a Ricardian land market equilibrium model to examine the impacts of green payments. The analysis shows green payments can worsen ambient pollution damage by subsidizing the expansion of more intensive crop cultivation. Some forms of green can increase cultivation intensity (and thus environmental damage) as well. These adverse effects can be avoided by careful targeting, but such targeting is likely to be quite difficult. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31371 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| The distinctive nature of environmental quality problems in agriculturean industry based on the extraction of highly variable natural resources under stochastic conditionshas important implications for policy design. First, we examine the source of environmental quality problems and the strength of incentives for resource stewardship that may incidentally induce farmers to protect environmental quality. In turn, we examine environmental policy design under two features that are pervasive in agriculture: (1) heterogeneity caused by resource variability and (2) uncertainty. Next, we examine the effects of interactions between agricultural, environmental, and resource policies. Finally, we review important areas for further research. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28567 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| A theoretical analysis of equilibrium contracts between risk neutral landlords and tenants when tenants' soil exploitation is non-contractible indicates that landlords will overinvest in conservation structures. An empirical model using farm-level data provides evidence that investment in contractible soil conservation measures is greater on rental land. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20489 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Environmental problems in agriculture have proven difficult to address due to the spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability intrinsic to agriculture. Agriculture is largely a struggle against nature; both its sustainability and the prospects for improving environmental performance and farm income simultaneously are thus inherently limited. Agriculture's high degree of variability makes direct regulation inefficient. Subsidies for improving environmental performance can have negative consequences and have proven ineffective in practice, due largely to bureaucratic culture. Pollution taxes should be the most effective and efficient form of policy. Interdisciplinary research is needed to provide models for performance evaluation. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31372 |
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| Dimitri, Carolyn; Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Many goods and services are subject to random changes in quality during the time between sale and delivery, resulting in markets characterized by lemons-market equilibria. We examine two forms of costly verification, ex post inspection and ex ante certification. In equilibrium, ex post verification is used to verify buyers' reports of low quality, while ex ante certification is used to verify sellers' shipments of high quality. Ex post inspection allows buyers to earn rents; in some circumstances, ex ante certification allows sellers to earn rents. One would expect buyers to prefer ex post inspection while sellers prefer ex ante certification. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28565 |
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| Parker, Douglas D.; Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Nonpoint sources of water pollutants, in particular, nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, are increasingly a focus of US water pollution policy. In most cases, agriculture is the largest contributor of these pollutants, in part because, until recently, it has largely remained unregulated. Recently, however, a number of initiatives have targeted nutrient runoff and leaching from animal agriculture. Many states have promulgated new nutrient management regulations stipulating that manure be disposed of in ways that limit runoff and leaching to acceptably low levels. Stricter state regulations have been especially common in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast, where excess nutrients have proven particularly problematic (Gollehon et al.). In 2003, the US... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20249 |
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| Lichtenberg, Erik; Olson, Lars J.. |
| Expanded world trade carries with it increased risks of invasions of exotic species and thus increased risks of ecological and economic damage. In the face of such risks, expansion of trade depends critically on the ability to detect unintended introductions of organisms in import shipments and determine whether those introductions are safe as is, safe after appropriate treatment, or unsafe even after treatment. This paper investigates factors associated with greater incremental risk of invasive pest introductions. It develops a conceptual framework based on the production-theoretic notion that invasive pests, like other forms of pollution, can be viewed as an input (or joint output) that serves to lower the cost of producing a commodity. In equilibrium,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61706 |
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| Alberini, Anna; Lichtenberg, Erik; Mancini, Dominic; Galinato, Gregmar I.. |
| We use FDAs seafood inspection records to examine: (i) how FDA has targeted its inspections under HACCP regulation; (ii) the effects of FDA inspections on compliance with both HACCP and plant sanitation standards; and (iii) the relationship between HACCP regulations and pre-existing sanitation standards. We use a theoretical model of enforcement to derive hypotheses about FDAs targeting of inspections and firms patterns of compliance. We test those hypotheses using econometric models of inspection and compliance. Contrary to the predictions of the theoretical model and to FDAs own stated policies, FDA does not seem to have targeted inspections based on product risk or past compliance performance. Firms compliance strategies seemed to be broadly in... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12217 |
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| Dimitri, Carolyn; Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| The quality of many goods and services may change randomly between the time of shipment and delivery, creating disputes over quality that can result in lemons-market equilibria. We investigate the potential of third-party inspections for such inefficiencies. We consider two types of inspection, ex post verification of quality in consignment contracts and ex ante certification in FOB contracts, which were instituted for fruits and vegetables in the U.S. when national markets were emerging. We show that both types of inspection can counteract misallocations of quality found in lemons-market equilibria. Buyers prefer ex post verification to ex ante certification while sellers prefer the reverse. Government provision of inspection services may be... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28579 |
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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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