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| Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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| Ruan, Jianqing; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| Traditional economic theory posits that a well functioning capital market is a necessary condition for industrialization and economic growth. However, in reality it is observed that micro and small enterprises are ubiquitous because entrepreneurs can set up business in low-return activities with minimal barriers to entry. Using a cashmere sweater cluster in China as an example, this paper shows that organizational choice can overcome the prohibitive cost of investment. Facing credit constraints, firms are more likely to concentrate in divisible production technologies in the form of industrial clusters. With clusters, a vertically integrated production process can be decomposed into many small incremental stages, making them more accessible for small... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Cluster; Putting-out; Subcontract; Industrialization; Entrepreneurship; China; Industrial Organization; International Development. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50334 |
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| Rockmore, Marc; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| Do the countries which grow share the same features as those which decline? How can some countries achieve such long-term sustainable growth while others fail so badly? This paper builds on the emerging literature on growth asymmetries by examining movement across income categories in the World Development Reports over a significant period of time. The results confirm the existence of asymmetries and find that the factors which are correlated with movement upwards or downwards are markedly different. Evidence is presented which suggests that growth episodes share some common features while economic collapse may occur for a broader range of reasons. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55400 |
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| Chen, Xi; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| Though social spending facilitates risk‐pooling in the impoverished regions, too many resources devoted to social occasions may impose negative externalities and hinder efforts to alleviate poverty for households living close to subsistence. Conducting three waves census‐type panel survey in rural western China with well‐defined reference groups and detailed information on social occasions, gift exchanges, nutrients intake and health outcomes, we find that the squeeze effect originated from lavish ceremonies is associated with lower height‐for‐age zscore, higher probability of stunting and underweight in early child development. The lasting impact suggests that “catch up” is limited. The squeeze is stronger for the fetal period and towards the lower tail... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Relative Status; Squeeze Effect; Nutrients Intake; Stunting; Underweight; Gender; Agribusiness; D13; I32; O15. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115517 |
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| Fan, Shenggen; Zhang, Xiaobo; Rao, Neetha. |
| Using district-level data for 1992, 1995, and 1999, the study estimated effects of different types of government expenditure on agricultural growth and rural poverty in Uganda. The results reveal that government spending on agricultural research and extension improved agricultural production substantially. This type of expenditure had the largest measured returns to growth in agricultural production. Agricultural research and extension spending also has the largest assessed impact on poverty reduction. Government spending on rural roads also had substantial marginal impact on rural poverty reduction. The impact of low-grade roads such as feeder roads is larger than that of high-grade roads such as murram and tarmac roads. Education's effects rank after... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; Monitoring development outcomes; Food Security and Poverty; International Development. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60317 |
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| Xing, Li; Fan, Shenggen; Luo, Xiaopeng; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| Increased regional inequality has been a major concern in many emerging economies like China, India, Vietnam and Thailand. However, even a large inequality is observed within the lagging regions. The objective of this paper is to look into what are the sources of within region inequality using the community surveys and a census type of households in Western China. This snapshot view of inequality within and between rural villages in western China is based on a census-type household survey in three administrative villages and a sampling survey of 286 natural villages in the poor province of Guizhou in 2004. In contrast to coastal regions, nonfarm income is distributed unevenly in this inland western region. This accounts for the largest share of overall... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Rural Development; Poverty; Inequality; Public investment; Community/Rural/Urban Development; H54; O47; O53; R11. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55403 |
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| Xing, Li; Fan, Shenggen; Luo, Xiaopeng; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| Increased regional inequality has been a major concern in many emerging economies like China, India, Vietnam and Thailand. However, even a large inequality is observed within the lagging regions. The objective of this paper is to look into what are the sources of within region inequality using the community surveys and a census type of households in Western China. This snapshot view of inequality within and between rural villages in western China is based on a census-type household survey in three administrative villages and a sampling survey of 286 natural villages in the poor province of Guizhou in 2004. In contrast to coastal regions, nonfarm income is distributed unevenly in this inland western region. This acco unts for the largest share of overall... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Rural Development; Poverty; Inequality; Public investment; H54; O47; O53; R11; Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25390 |
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| Hong, Yongmiao; Wang, Dabin; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| In the paper, we use a panel data approach to study the threshold effects and nonlinearity in economic growth instead of the cross-sectional approach commonly used in previous studies. The methodologies developed by Hansen (2000) and Caner and Hansen (2004) are applied to identify threshold variables. The analysis reveals many threshold variables, in particular for short lengths of panels. However, the results vary according to the number of observations included. To reduce the large number of potential threshold variables, principle component analyses are used to create a smaller number of composite factors and test the threshold effects. Using a five-year panel, we show how to classify countries into different growth typologies. Finally, a local linear... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19163 |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo; Li, Guo. |
| Because land is scarce, farmers in China increasingly have to rely on nonfarm activities to enhance their incomes. The functioning of rural nonfarm labor markets is therefore crucial in determining who has access to nonfarm employment. Previous studies have identified human capital as a key factor determining the selection of workers in the rural nonfarm economy. Using a detailed household survey of northern and northeastern China, this paper shows that guanxi (social networks), has also played an important role. With limited nonfarm job opportunities and poor market information, farmers with better social contacts are more likely to obtain nonfarm jobs. Moreover, guanxi has a larger effect on the nonfarm employment opportunities of male workers than... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Farming; China; Nonfarm; Guanx; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16076 |
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| Fan, Shenggen; Kanbur, Ravi; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| China’s spectacular growth and poverty reduction has been accompanied by growing inequality which threatens the social compact and thus the political basis for economic growth and social development. The regional dimension of inequality— rural/urban, inland/coastal and provincial—dominates in a country as large as China, and especially with its particular history. The three of us have been researching Chinese regional inequality for over a decade. In a series of papers which have been published in peer reviewed journals, we have been involved in a systematic investigation into the nature and evolution of regional inequality in China. The object of this volume is to bring together a selection of these papers by us and our co-authors, so that researchers and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Inequality; China; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51157 |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo; Fan, Shenggen. |
| This paper develops a method for decomposing the contributions of various types of public investment on regional inequality and applies the method to rural China. Public investment are found to have contributed to production growth in both the agricultural and rural non-agricultural sectors, but their contributions to regional inequality have differed by type of investment and the region in which they are made. All types of investment in the least-developed western region reduce regional inequality, whereas additional investments in the coastal and central regions worsen regional inequality. Investments in rural education and agricultural R&D in the western region have the largest and most favorable impacts on reducing regional inequality. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16075 |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo; Mount, Timothy D.; Boisvert, Richard N.. |
| Rapid industrial development and urbanization transfer more and more land away from agricultural production, threatening China’s capability to feed itself. This paper analyzes the determinants of land use by modeling arable land and sown area separately. An inverse U-shaped relationship between land use intensity and industrialization is explored both theoretically and empirically. The findings highlight the conflict between the two policy goals of industrialization and grain self-sufficiency in the end. Several policy recommendations are offered to reconcile the conflict. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16051 |
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| Kourtellos, Andros; Tan, Chih Ming; Zhang, Xiaobo. |
| There have been intensive debates on the role of aid in promoting economic development in developing countries by using cross-country analyses. Cross-country regression assuming linear relationship between aid and growth and without taking into heterogeneity of countries would produce biased estimates. To correct this, in this paper we investigate the relationship between foreign aid and growth using recently developed sample splitting methods that allow us to simultaneously uncover evidence for the existence of heterogeneity and nonlinearity. We also address model uncertainty in the context of these methods. We find some evidence that aid may have heterogeneous effects on growth across two growth regimes defined by ethno-linguistic fractionalization.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
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| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42557 |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo; Fan, Shenggen. |
| There have been competing arguments about the effect of public infrastructure on productivity in the literature. Level-based regressions generally show a much higher return to public capital than private capital, while difference-based regressions tend to find insignificant or even negative effects. To help reconcile this debate, this paper proposes that researchers should first test for causality in their data to check for length of lagged relationships and the existence of reverse causality, as a critical step before specifying a final model and estimating procedure on the relationship between the stock of capital and productivity growth. A newly developed system GMM method of estimation is proposed for this purpose. Second, a new method of estimating... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16050 |
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| Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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