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	Provedor de dados Genet. Mol. Biol. (1) Autor Costa,Antonio Richieri (1) Ferrarese,Valéria Cristina Carvalho (1) Fett-Conte,Agnes Cristina (1) Oliveira-Brancati,Camila Ive Ferreira (1) Palavra-chave Congenital anomaly (1) Fetal development (1) Genetic counseling (1) Malformation (1) Public health (1) Tipo do documento Info:eu-repo/semantics/article (1) Ano 2020 (1) País Brazil (1) Idioma Inglês (1)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 76 Primeira ... 1 2 3 4 ... Última Model, Model on the Screen, What's the Cost of Going Green? AgEcon Dowlatabadi, Hadi; Boyd, David R.; MacDonald, Jamie. How much a policy is expected to cost and who bears the brunt of that cost play a significant role in the debates that shape regulations. We do not have a good track record of predicting costs and their ultimate distribution, but systematic reviews of past assessments have identified some of the factors that lead to errors. A wide range of expected costs of climate policy have been hotly debated, but all are likely to be wrong. This does not mean that we should continue a debate using ill-informed analyses. On the contrary, we need early small experiments to shed light on key unknowns. Environmental stewardship is a long-term challenge and an adaptive regulatory approach promises to inform policy targets and improve controls through sequential regulatory... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Cost estimation; Climate policy; Modeling; Adaptive management; Environmental Economics and Policy; D21; D82; D83; F13; O31. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10806 Emerging markets and innovation: A partnership for global progress AgEcon Sara, Tejinder; Hall Jackson, Faye. The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the role innovation plays in global competition and discuss how companies from some of the emerging markets are using innovation to compete with global companies from the developed world. Innovation is linked to the marketing concept as a driver for developing new products, services, and/or delivery systems. As global borders disappear, and training and education along with trade freedom increase, the opportunity for innovation increases. This writing offers a forward look into the global possibilities of emerging market innovation. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Innovation; Global competition; Innovation firms.; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D21; F23; M16; O31. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95945 Nutritional & Health Claimed Products Market Development in Serbia: Exploration of Findings Obtained from In Depth Interviews AgEcon Stojanovic, Zaklina; Ognjanov, Galjina; Dragutinovic-Mitrovic, Radmila. The main objective of this paper is to present the most relevant findings obtained from in depth interviews with processors and retailers about the N&H claimed products market in Serbia. In our research we addressed the following set of topics: motivations and barriers to offer N&H claimed products at domestic market and perception of consumer demand toward N&H claimed products in Serbia. Significant differences between Serbia and other WBC are explored. Statistical testing includes nonparametric test based on two independent samples (Mann- Whitney test). Findings support overall conclusion that this market segment in Serbia is underdeveloped and rather producer than consumer driven. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: N&H products market; Motivations; Barriers; Consumer demand; Development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Q13; D21. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116446 THE DETERMINANTS OF INNOVATION IN THE ITALIAN FOOD INDUSTRY: THE ROLE OF R&D NETWORKING AgEcon D'Alessio, Massimiliano; Maietta, Ornella Wanda. Objective of the paper is to verify which are the determinants of innovations in the Italian food industry and which role R&D networking, through the cooperative nature of firm, plays among these determinants. The data used are the 9th (2001-2003) wave of Capitalia surveys based on a representative sample of manufacturing firms with information on firm characteristics, employee education levels, innovation and R&D investments. The approach is a bivariate probit analysis where the two dependent variables are the presence of firm R&D and of innovations and the independent variables are firm characteristics. The results of the analysis show that, among the determinants of firm R&D intra moenia and of firm innovations in the Italian food... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Innovations; R&D networking; Firm property rights.; Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32; D21. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44856 ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF A BAN AGAINST ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS USED IN U.S. BEEF PRODUCTION AgEcon Mathews, Kenneth H., Jr.. Economic effects for three scenarios of antimicrobial drug use in livestock production -- a no-ban scenario and two levels of bans -- are examined through cost minimization and a partial equilibrium analysis. Results indicate that regulating antimicrobial drug use in livestock production would increase per-unit costs of producers previously using drugs and reduce beef supplies in the short run, reducing consumer surplus. Producers not previously using drugs would benefit from short-run price increases. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Antimicrobial drug; Ban; Beef production; Cost minimization; Feed efficiency; Growth function; Growth promotant; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; D21; D41; I118; Q11; Q12; Q18; R38. Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15068 Formando microempresarias: impacto de la capacitación empresarial en las instituciones de microfinanzas y sus socias AgEcon Karlan, Dean S.; Valdivia, Martin. Los debates académicos y de políticas acerca de la actividad microempresarial se centran frecuentemente en las restricciones crediticias, asumiendo que los negocios se manejan de manera óptima dadas esas y otras restricciones. Los microempresarios, sin embargo, raramente tienen capacitación formal en gestión empresarial. Por su parte, un número creciente de instituciones de microfinanzas (IMF), en el Perú y el mundo, procura construir el capital humano de estos microempresarios para mejorar sus niveles de vida, contribuyendo a su misión de reducir la pobreza. Con ayuda de un diseño experimental, en este estudio medimos el impacto marginal de agregar un componente de capacitación en gestión empresarial a un programa de servicios financieros que atiende a... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Microempresarios; Microfinanzas; Pequeñas empresas; Mujeres; Capacitacion; Small enterprises; Training; Women; Peru; Financial Economics; C93; D12; D13; D21; I21; J24; O12. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91358 The Impact of Consulting Services on Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Mexico AgEcon Bruhn, Miriam; Karlan, Dean S.; Schoar, Antoinette. We test whether managerial human capital has a first order effect on the performance and growth of small enterprises in emerging markets. In a randomized control trial in Puebla, Mexico, we randomly assigned 150 out of 432 small and medium size enterprises to receive subsidized consulting services, while the remaining 267 enterprises served as a control group that did not receive any subsidized training. Treatment enterprises were matched with one of nine local consulting firms and met with their consultants once a week for four hours over a one year period. Results from a follow-up survey, conducted after the intervention, show that the consulting services had a large impact on the performance of the enterprises in the treatment group: monthly sales went... Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Enterprise growth; Entrepreneurship; Managerial capital; Labor and Human Capital; D21; D24; L20; M13; O12. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121675 The Inconvenience Cost: A Portfolio Approach to Non-Convergence Between Cash and Futures Prices AgEcon Adjemian, Michael K.; Kuethe, Todd H.; Kunda, Eugene L.. Cash and futures prices should reach equality, or converge, upon contract maturity. Traders can impose convergence during the delivery month through arbitrage behavior: either making or taking delivery on futures contracts. If convergence is not predictable, a futures market fails to provide a clear storage signal to potential inventory holders and reduces the attractiveness of hedging. Recent convergence problems in domestic commodity markets demonstrate the existence of persistent, significant arbitrage opportunities over the second half of the last decade. Yet, terminal elevator operators—perhaps the only participants with the capacity to do so—have not arbitraged away these riskless returns by making enough deliveries. This model demonstrates... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Convergence; Arbitrage; Portfolio Theory; Storage; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; G11; D21; Q14. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61040 Ethanol Plant Investment using Net Present Value and Real Options Analyses AgEcon Schmit, Todd M.; Luo, Jianchuan; Tauer, Loren W.. A real option analysis of dry-grind corn ethanol plants compared to a standard net present value analysis (NPV) shows that the option values increase entry prices and lower exit prices of investment and disinvestment considerably. For a large plant, the gross margin of ethanol price over the corn price for a gallon of ethanol using NPV shows that entry will occur with a $0.45 margin and shutdown will occur at a $0.38. Under a real options framework, the margins for entry and exit become $1.33 and $0.13, respectively. Under baseline conditions, a large operating plant would become mothballed at $0.18 and reactivate if margins rebounded to $0.66. Growth in the variability of ethanol margins will delay new plant investments, as well as exits of currently... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Net Present Value; Real Options Analyses; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D21; D81; Q4. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51145 Factors Affecting Adoption of Cow-Calf Production Practices in Oklahoma AgEcon Ward, Clement E.; Vestal, Mallory K.; Doye, Damona G.; Lalman, David L.. Most technology adoption research has focused on crops. Primary data were used to determine differences in management practices among two groups of Oklahoma cow-calf producers based on herd size and cattle income dependence. Significant differences were noted between two groups of producers (smaller operations with less dependence on cattle versus larger with more dependence on cattle) in 79% of the management practices examined. Logit models determined factors influencing the probability of adopting 17 recommended practices. Important factors included the firm goal to choose practices that reduce labor, income dependence on cattle, human capital, and size of operation. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Cattle; Cow-calf; Livestock; Management practices; Technology adoption; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; D21; Q12; Q16. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47263 Export Intensity and Plant Characteristics: What Can We Learn from Quantile Regression? AgEcon Wagner, Joachim. Using quantile regression and a rich cross section data set for German manufacturing plants this paper documents that the impact of plant characteristics on export activities varies along the conditional size distribution of the export/sales ratio. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Exports; Quantile regression; Heterogeneous firms; International Relations/Trade; F10; D21; L60. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26390 SME Performance, Innovation and Networking Evidence on Complementarities for a Local Economic System AgEcon Mazzanti, Massimiliano; Mancinelli, Susanna. The paper addresses the relevancy of networking activities and R&D as main drivers of productivity performance and ouput innovation, for small and medium enterprises (SME) playing in a local economic system. Given the intangible nature of many techno organisational innovation and networking strategies, original recent survey data for manufacturing and services are exploited. The aim is to provide new evidence on the complementarity relationships concerning different networking activities and R&D in a local SME oriented system in Northern Italy. We first introduce a methodological framework to empirically test complementarity among R&D and networking, in a discrete setting. Secondly, we consequently present empirical evidence on productivity... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Firm Competitiveness; Innovation; R&D; Networking; Complementarity; Local Economic System; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D21; L25; O3; O14; Z13. Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9554 Assessing the Technical and Allocative Efficiency of U.S. Organic Producers AgEcon Park, Timothy A.; Lohr, Luanne. We develop measures of technical and allocative efficiency of producers in marketing certified organic products. A stochastic output distance frontier and the associated revenue share equations are estimated using comprehensive U.S. data on certified organic producers. Farm-level measures of technical efficiency are calculated and factors that enhance performance are identified. Factors that systematically influence allocative efficiency are assessed. The revenue mix of organic producers is systematically inefficient as both male and female producers rely too heavily on revenue from organic markets relative to conventional outlets. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Stochastic frontier; Technical and allocative efficiency; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; D21; C31; Q01. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90678 What's Psychology Worth? A Field Experiment in the Consumer Credit Market AgEcon Bertrand, Marianne; Karlan, Dean S.; Mullainathan, Sendhil; Shafir, Eldar; Zinman, Jonathan. Numerous laboratory studies report on behaviors inconsistent with rational economic models. How much do these inconsistencies matter in natural settings, when consumers make large, real decisions and have the opportunity to learn from experiences? We report on a field experiment designed to address this question. Incumbent clients of a lender in South Africa were sent letters offering them large, short-term loans at randomly chosen interest rates. Psychological “features” on the letter, which did not affect offer terms or economic content, were also independently randomized. Consistent with standard economics, the interest rate significantly affected loan take-up. Inconsistent with standard economics, the psychological features also significantly affected... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Psychology; Microfinance; Marketing; Field experiment; Credit markets; Consumer/Household Economics; D01; C93; D12; D21; D81; D91; M37; O12. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28441 Quality Choices in a Vertical Structure: National Brands vs Private Labels in Grocery Retailing AgEcon Fousekis, Panos. The paper analyzes quality choices in a vertical structure involving a monopolist food manufacturer (national brand-NB producer) and a monopolist retailer supplying both the national brand as well as a private label (PL). The analysis is based on a threestage dynamic game. According to the results, in the Nash equilibrium the two players choose the maximum possible qualities for their products. This means that the B food manufacturer seeks the maximum product differentiation, while the LP retailer seeks the minimum product differentiation. The behavior of the two players appears to be consistent with actual developments in the food markets as well as with earlier empirical studies documenting the efforts of NB food manufacturers to increase product... Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Quality Choice; Ational Brand; Private Label; Agribusiness; D21; Q13. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118673 Welfare Effects of Mandatory Traceability When Firms are Heterogeneous AgEcon Pouliot, Sebastien. We develop a framework in which the cost of producing a quantity food and the cost of food safety differs across firms. We show that large firms may supply the safest food even though small firms have a cost advantage in producing safe food. The model shows that mandatory traceability can decrease the overall safety of food when small firms that supply the safest food exit the industry. Our model applies to food safety but can be applied to a wide range of issues related to regulation and product quality. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Food safety; Quality; Traceability; Regulation; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Production Economics; D21; L11; L15; Q10. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61017 An analysis of the challenges of the maize seed industry in eastern and southern Africa AgEcon Langyintuo, Augustine S.; Mwangi, Wilfred; Diallo, Alpha O.; MacRobert, John F.; Dixon, John; Banziger, Marianne. The liberalization and restructuring of the seed sector in eastern and southern Africa (ESA) during the past two decades have witnessed a proliferation of private seed companies in the maize seed industry (Hassan et al., 2001; Lemonius, 2005). Although the total number of registered maize seed companies increased from 8 and 11, respectively, in 1997 to 40 each, the quantities of seed marketed barely doubled, increasing from 23,000 and 27,000 tons to 53,000 and 51,000 tons, respectively; an indication that the reforms are insufficient in ensuring efficient functioning of the sector in the two regions. A study involving 117 seed providers, representing 92 percent of all registered maize seed companies in ESA in 2007 identified bottlenecks that have... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Keywords: Maize seed industry; Seed policies; Eastern and southern Africa; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Marketing; D21; M31; O32. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51713 Do Antibiotics Reduce Production Risk for U.S. Pork Producers? AgEcon Liu, Xuanli; Miller, Gay Y.; McNamara, Paul E.. We combine econometric and financial analyses of the NAHMS 2000 Swine Survey data to examine whether evidence exists for reducing risk by using antibiotics for growth promotion (AGP) in the U.S. swine industry. A stochastic dominance analysis of alternative lengths of time (days) of AGP application reveals that AGP used in the range of 65—75 days is preferred by risk-averse producers. Risk is reduced and profits are increased from use of AGP. The combined impacts of increased average daily gain and decreased variability in pig live weight increase producer profits by $2.99 per pig marketed. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Growth promotion; Pigs; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Variability; D21; D61; D81; Q12; R32. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42785 Globalization of innovation activity by transnational corporations: and its importance in the present economic crisis AgEcon Zorska, Anna. The research aims to investigate the process of globalizing innovation activity conducted by transnational corporations (TNCs), in a wider context of economic changes outside and inside companies. The process has been triggered by decentralization and internationalization of R&D, “creative transition” of foreign subsidiaries as well as implementing research networks and the open innovation model of TNCs’ innovation activity. Under the present economic crisis some slowdown and reorientation of innovation programs are implemented in order to reduce their costs and increase effectiveness. The globalization of corporate innovation activity can contribute to reaching some of TNCs’ goals both under the present crisis and the future revival of the world... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Globalization; Innovations; Economic crisis; TNC.; International Development; D21; F23; L22; O32. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94610 Defining and Characterizing Approaches to Farm Management AgEcon McBride, William D.; Johnson, James D.. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify approaches to farm management based on a list of management questions posed to a sample of U.S. cash-grain farmers. Three approaches were identified by the factor analysis: price negotiation, long-term cost control, and input adjustment. Estimated factor scores regressed against farm and operator characteristics indicate a profile of producers using each approach that is closely related to stage-of-life of the farm operator and farm business. In addition to operator age and planning horizon, operator risk preference and farm organization and location were other important determinants of the approach to management. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Cash-grain farms; Factor analysis; Farm management; Latent variables; Management approach; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; Q10; D21; C40. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43755 Registros recuperados: 76 Primeira ... 1 2 3 4 ... Última

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