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Registros recuperados: 42
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WIC and the Battle Against Childhood Overweight AgEcon
Ver Ploeg, Michele.
One of the most worrisome aspects of the growing tide of obesity in the United States is the high rate of overweight among children. Over one in five young children, ages 2 to 5, are at risk of being overweight. The number of children at risk of being overweight has grown in the past two decades, as has the number of young children whose families participate in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Are these increases connected? The answer appears to be “No.” However, being from a low-income family, especially a low-income, Mexican-American family, does raise the probability of a child’s being at risk for overweight. This brief examines trends in the relationship between WIC participation and weight status by...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: WIC; Children; Body Mass Index; Overweight; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58993
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Rural America At A Glance, 2008 Edition AgEcon
Kusmin, Lorin D..
Rural America At A Glance, 2008 Edition highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The 2008 edition focuses on employment, poverty, population change, and demographic characteristics of nonmetro areas.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population; Employment; Rural unemployment; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Employment; Unemployment; Poverty; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59019
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America's Diverse Family Farms: 2010 Edition AgEcon
Hoppe, Robert A.; Banker, David E.; MacDonald, James M..
American farms vary widely in size and other characteristics, but farming is still an industry of family businesses. Ninety-eight percent of farms are family farms, and they account for 82 percent of farm production. Small family farms make up most of the U.S. farm count and hold the majority of farm assets, but they produce a modest share of U.S. farm output. In contrast, large-scale family farms and nonfamily farms—only 12 percent of all farms—account for 84 percent of farm production. Small farms are less profitable than large-scale farms, on average, and the households operating them tend to rely on off-farm income for their livelihood. Because small-farm households receive most of their income from off-farm work, general economic policies—such as tax...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Family farms; Farm businesses; Farm financial performance; Farm-operator household income; Farm operators; Farm structure; Farm type; Government payments; Limited-resource farms; Small farms; ERS; USDA; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96653
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Nonmetropolitan Outmigration Counties: Some Are Poor, Many Are Prosperous AgEcon
McGranahan, David A.; Cromartie, John; Wojan, Timothy R..
Population loss through net outmigration is endemic to many rural areas. Over a third of nonmetro counties lost at least 10 percent of their population through net outmigration over 1988-2008. Some of these counties have had very high poverty rates, substantial loss in manufacturing jobs, and high unemployment. Lack of economic opportunity was likely a major factor in their high outmigration. Most high net outmigration counties, however, are relatively prosperous, with low unemployment rates, low high school dropout rates, and average household incomes. For these counties, low population density and less appealing landscapes distinguish them from other nonmetro counties. Both types of outmigration counties stand out on two measures, indicating that...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Migration; Net migration; Rural development; Life-cycle migration; Population growth; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96769
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Rural America At A Glance, 2009 Edition AgEcon
Kusmin, Lorin D..
Update of an annual series, the 2009 edition of Rural America At A Glance deals with effects of the major recession on rural America. Initially, effects of the recession were mitigated in nonmetro areas by high commodity prices throughout much of 2008, but as the recession deepened, prices fell. Both nonmetro and metro areas experienced rising unemployment as manufacturing and other major employment sectors contracted, and they were similarly affected by the mortgage foreclosure crisis. However, even before the current recession, nonmetro poverty rates had risen in the growth years after the 2001 recession, against the usual trend during a time of economic expansion; the nonmetro poverty rate has exceeded the national poverty rate since 2001. The nonmetro...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population; Housing markets; Employment; Rural unemployment; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Unemployment; Poverty; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59017
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Productivity Growth in U.S. Agriculture AgEcon
Fuglie, Keith O.; MacDonald, James C.; Ball, V. Eldon.
Innovation and changes in technology have been a driving force for gains in productivity growth in U.S. agriculture. USDA's Economic Research Service has developed annual indexes of agricultural inputs, outputs, and total factor productivity (TFP) for 1948 through 2004. American agriculture relies almost entirely on productivity growth to raise output. By lowering the cost of agricultural commodities, productivity growth benefits not only farmers but also food manufacturers and consumers.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Productivity; Productivity growth; Total factor productivity; TFP; Labor; Farm economy; Prices; Agricultural research; Agricultural output; Technology; ERS; USDA; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6382
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Fruit Policies in Japan AgEcon
Ito, Kenzo; Dyck, John H..
Government programs and subsidies regulate and support Japan’s large fruit-production sector, bolstering farm incomes and output levels. Supply-management programs that target annual production levels for some fruits, in order to maintain market prices, contribute to higher prices for consumers, although other programs aim to increase fruit consumption. Japan’s tariffs and phytosanitary measures also create barriers to fruit consumption and limit imports. Producers in the United States, a major fruit supplier to Japan, could benefit from reduced barriers.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Japan; Fruits; Policies; Production; Subsidies; Insurance; Farm markets; Tariffs; Phytosanitary measures; U.S. Department of Agriculture; USDA; Economic Research Service; ERS; FTS-341-01; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92336
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The Infant Formula Market: Consequences of a Change in the WIC Contract Brand AgEcon
Oliveira, Victor; Frazao, Elizabeth; Smallwood, David M..
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is the major purchaser of infant formula in the United States. To reduce cost to the WIC program, each State awards a sole-source contract to a formula manufacturer to provide its product to WIC participants in the State. As part of the contract, the WIC State agency receives rebates from the manufacturers. In this study, we use 2004-09 Nielsen scanner-based retail sales data from over 7,000 stores in 30 States to examine the effect of winning a WIC sole-source contract on infant formula manufacturers’ market share in supermarkets. We find that the manufacturer holding the WIC contract brand accounted for the vast majority—84 percent—of all formula sold by the top three...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: WIC; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; And Children; Infant formula; Rebate; Sole-source contracts; Contract brand; Spillover effect; ERS; USDA; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Marketing.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118020
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Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices? An Economic Perspective--How Can We Tell If We Are Making a Difference? ERS Efforts To Improve Evaluation of Nutrition Outcomes AgEcon
Frazao, Elizabeth; Guthrie, Joanne F.; Smallwood, David M..
Currently, the effects of the Food Stamp Program on the food choices and diet quality of participants are the subject of much debate. Improved evaluation of the nutrition and health effects of the program would be of use to program and policy officials, but most of the existing research is limited by three key factors: the difficulty in separating the effect of the program itself from other factors that may be related to program participation (that is, selection bias); relative age of the data (which do not capture current programs or population behaviors); and use of outdated dietary standards and assessment methods. This brief describes current ERS activities to address these problems and improve evaluation.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59439
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Economic Well-Being of Farm Households AgEcon
Jones, Carol Adaire; El-Osta, Hisham S.; Green, Robert C..
Farm subsidy programs were introduced in the 1930s largely due to concern for chronically low, and highly variable, incomes of US farm households. Today commodity-based support programs are still prominent, though income and wealth of the average farm household now exceed that of the average nonfarm households - by a large margin. Farm income continues to be highly variable, but the small set of farm households most at risk for income variability - because farm income represents more than one-third of household income - are those operating large farms. And they have substantial net worth, which cushions uncertain farm income.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Farm households; Household income; Household wealth; Household net worth; Living expenses; Joint income-wealth indicator; Economic well-being; Financial well-being; Off-farm employment; Income variability; ERS; USDA; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34095
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Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices? An Economic Perspective--Higher Cost of Food in Some Areas May Affect Food Stamp Households' Ability To Make Healthy Food Choices AgEcon
Nord, Mark; Hopwood, Heather.
The cost of “enough food,” estimated from the amount that low- and medium-income households in a geographic area report needing to spend to just meet their food needs, differs substantially across States and among metropolitan areas. In areas with high food costs, many food-stamp recipients are likely to have inadequate food resources to support healthy food choices.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59429
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Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices? An Economic Perspective AgEcon
Guthrie, Joanne F.; Andrews, Margaret S.; Frazao, Elizabeth; Leibtag, Ephraim S.; Lin, Biing-Hwan; Mancino, Lisa; Nord, Mark; Prell, Mark A.; Smallwood, David M.; Variyam, Jayachandran N.; Ver Ploeg, Michele.
Food stamp recipients, like other Americans, struggle with nutrition problems associated with choice of foods, as well as amounts. This series of Economic Information Bulletins compiles evidence to help answer the question of whether the Food Stamp Program can do more to improve the food choices of participants. It examines the role of affordability and price of healthful foods in influencing food choices and the likely success of any policy targeted at changing food choices through food stamp bonuses or restrictions. It also examines other approaches to changing food choices, including nutrition education and potential strategies drawn from behavioral economics literature. Meaningful improvements in the diets of food stamp recipients will likely depend on...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59417
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Integrating Invasive Species Prevention and Control Policies AgEcon
Livingston, Michael J.; Osteen, Craig D..
Programs and policies to minimize the threat of, or mitigate the damages from, invasive species work best if designed in concert with each other. Whether program emphasis should be on prevention or control depends on the biological characteristics and size of the invasive species population, ecological characteristics of invaded ecosystems, the cost and efficacy of prevention measures relative to control measures, and the level of prevention costs borne abroad. Because all of these factors are highly variable, data needs are constant if intervention is to be both effective and economical.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Agricultural economics; Invasive species; Management programs; Pests; Plant diseases; Foreign pests; Trade; Production; ERS; USDA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58991
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Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices? An Economic Perspective-Nutrition Information: Can It Improve the Diets of Low-Income Households? AgEcon
Guthrie, Joanne F.; Variyam, Jayachandran N..
The Food Stamp Nutrition Education (FSNE) component of the Food Stamp Program is intended to improve the food choices, diet quality, and health of program participants. This brief discusses the FSNE program, how it operates, and how it has grown over time. The brief also considers the challenges of nutrition education in general and discusses the research and evaluation needs suggested by the findings.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59434
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Food Dynamics and USDA's New Dietary Guidelines AgEcon
Leibtag, Ephraim S.; Mancino, Lisa.
Food Dynamics provides the most up-to-date information on consumer behavior and retail food market conditions.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food prices; Food consumption; Household food expenditures; Scanner data; ACNielsen Scanner Data; Food trends; Food Guide Pyramid; Dietary guidelines; ERS; USDA; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59399
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America's Diverse Family Farms: Structure and Finances AgEcon
Hoppe, Robert A.; MacDonald, James M.; Banker, David E..
American farms vary widely in size and other characteristics, but farming is still an industry of family businesses. Ninety-eight percent of farms are family farms, and they account for 86 percent of farm production. Very small farms are growing in number, and small family farms continue to own most farmland. But production is shifting toward very large family farms. Because small-farm households receive most of their income from off-farm work, general economic policies—such as tax policy or economic development policy—can be as important to them as traditional farm policy.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS); Family farms; Farm businesses; Farm financial performance; Farm-operator household income; Farm operators; Farm structure; Farm type; Multiple-operator farms; Multiple-generation farms; Small farms; ERS; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59406
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Rural America At A Glance, 2007 Edition AgEcon
Kusmin, Lorin D..
Rural America At A Glance, 2007 highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The brochure provides information on key rural conditions and trends for use by public and private decisionmakers and others involved in efforts to enhance the economic opportunities and quality of life for rural people and their communities.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population growth; Employment; Rural unemployment; Rural economy; Nonmetro; Metro; Creative occupations; Rural America; Natural amenities; Census data; Educational attainment; College education; Poverty; Domestic migration; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59020
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International Evidence on Food Consumption Patterns: An Update Using 2005 International Comparison Program Data AgEcon
Muhammad, Andrew; Meade, Birgit Gisela Saager.
In a 2003 report, International Evidence on Food Consumption Patterns, ERS economists estimated income and price elasticities of demand for broad consumption categories and food categories across 114 countries using 1996 International Comparison Program (ICP) data. This report updates that analysis with an estimated two-stage demand system across 144 countries using 2005 ICP data. Advances in ICP data collection since 1996 led to better results and more accurate income and price elasticity estimates. Low-income countries spend a greater portion of their budget on necessities, such as food, while richer countries spend a greater proportion of their income on luxuries, such as recreation. Low-value staples, such as cereals, account for a larger share of the...
Tipo: Technical Report Palavras-chave: ICP 2005; High-value food products; Consumption patterns; Marginal share; Income elasticity; Price elasticity; ERS; USDA; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120252
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Rural Hispanics At A Glance AgEcon
Kandel, William.
Rural Hispanics at a Glance provides the latest information from the 2000 Census and other Federal data sources about Hispanics living in nonmetro counties. This six-page brochure highlights growth and geographic dispersion, demographic characteristics, and the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions for this population. It emphasizes rapid Hispanic population growth, particularly in new rural destinations of the Midwest and Southeast, and it illustrates differences in age structure between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites. The report also provides data on important demographic, labor market, income, poverty, and social service indicators for nonmetro Hispanics. Using a visually interesting format that incorporates text bullets with...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Farm Structure; Employment and Wages; Agribusiness; Food processing; Rural Policy Food and Nutrition; Poverty and Economy; Rural America; Rural Income; Rural Welfare; Labor and Education; Rural Population; And Rural Migration; ERS; USDA; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59402
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Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices? An Economic Perspective-How Do Low-Income Households Respond to Food Prices AgEcon
Lin, Biing-Hwan; Guthrie, Joanne F..
This brief examines how consumers respond to food prices and how consumers’ response to price influences their purchases of particular foods, using examples drawn from previous ERS research. Implications of the findings for the use of price interventions to improve food choices are considered.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59432
Registros recuperados: 42
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