SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Goetz, Christian; Heckelei, Thomas.

This paper analyses relevant determinants for the probability to initiate a dispute on policy measures under the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system. The empirical analysis focuses on agro-food-related disputes to provide sector-specific information on the driving factors in dispute settlement, and complements and extends previous studies by incorporating new potential determinants. The focus is shifted to bilaterally dependent characteristics to take care of trade related and power-based relationships between Members. Contrary to recent analyses of overall trade disputes, the results show that some determinants such as export value and monetary means are not statistically significant. However, the import dependency from the defendant...

An Empirical Investigation of Interproduct Relationships Between Domestic and Imported Seafood in the U.S.

Palavras-chave: WTO dispute; Agro-food sector; Binary choice model; International Relations/Trade; C12; C13; F13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49461

Lee, Young-Jae; Kennedy, P. Lynn.

This study seeks to identify interproduct relationships between domestic catfish and a representative selection of imported seafood. In doing so, this study uses multivariate cointegration and structural analyses. Multivariate cointegration analysis suggests that six imported seafood product groupings form a common market with domestic catfish. Structural analysis reveals that 1) domestic and imported catfish are net and gross quantity substitutes; 2) domestic catfish and imported seafood are normal goods; 3) six imported seafood products are identified as gross quantity substitutes for domestic catfish; and 4) according to the derived Allais coefficients, interaction intensities of imported seafood for domestic catfish (from greatest to least) are as...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Catfish; Multivariate cointegration; Quantity substitutability; Seafood imports; Structural analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D12; F10; F11; F13.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100516

Suggestions for the Road to Copenhagen

Karp, Larry S.; Zhao, Jinhua.

We provide a unified discussion of the issues that confront negotiators of the next international climate agreement. We offer a novel proposal that entitles countries to discharge their treaty obligations by paying a “fine”. This escape clause provides cost insurance, simplifies the problem of enforcing compliance, and increases incentives to participate in the agreement. We explain why developed country obligations should rely on a cap and trade commitment rather than carbon taxes. A Central Bank maintains stability of carbon prices by defending a price ceiling and floor. An so-called intensity target is not a good alternative to an emissions cap. Modest trade restrictions, consistent with WTO law, will form an important part of the next agreement....

On the EU–U.S. Biodiesel ‘Splash & Dash' Controversy: Causes, Consequences and Policy Recommendations

Palavras-chave: Kyoto protocol; Escape clause; Emissions trade; Taxes versus cap and trade; Price stability; Carbon leakage; Trade restrictions; Differentiated responsibility; Clean development mechanism; Sectoral agreements; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; F13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51610

de Gorter, Harry; Drabik, Dusan; Just, David R..

Replaced with revised version of paper on 10/26/10.

Agricultural Protection and Poverty in Indonesia: A General Equilibrium Analysis

Palavras-chave: Splash & dash; Biodiesel; Blender’s tax credit; Tax exemption; Trade; European Union; Unites States; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; Q27; Q42.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61425

Warr, Peter G..

A general equilibrium modeling approach is used to estimate the effects within Indonesia of unilateral and global trade liberalization, including effects on poverty incidence. It is concluded that global reform of trade policy in all commodities is a significant potential source of poverty reduction for Indonesia. The poor – rural and urban – have a strong interest in global trade policy reform. If Indonesia were to liberalize unilaterally, poverty incidence also would decline but the effect is small. If liberalization is confined to agricultural products, the effects are similar but the declines in poverty incidence within Indonesia are much smaller.

Imposing WTO disciplines on domestic support: an assessment of the Doha Round Approach

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52788

Die WTO auf dem Weg nach Katar: Anstehende Probleme - neue Herausforderungen

Blandford, David.

The elements of the approach to disciplining domestic support for agriculture in the Doha round of WTO negotiations are evaluated using data for a selection of OECD countries. Despite a substantial increase in complexity in comparison to the Uruguay Round Agreement, the new approach is unlikely to require real reductions in trade-distorting support. As a result it is unlikely to stimulate further reforms in domestic agricultural policies in OECD countries. RESUMEN: En este artículo se evalúan los instrumentos del enfoque utilizado en la Ronda de Doha de la Organización Mundial de Comercio para establecer disciplinas en relación con la ayuda interna a la agricultura. El análisis se lleva a cabo para un conjunto de países de la OCDE. A pesar de la mayor...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International trade; Agriculture; Domestic support; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; F14.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28766

Senti, Richard.

In wenigen Monaten wird in Katar die Ministerkonferenz der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) über die Abhaltung einer neuen Handelsrunde entscheiden. Auf Grund der gegenwärtigen Vorarbeiten werden zwei Themenkreise auf der Traktandenliste der Verhandlungen erwartet: erstens die weitere Umsetzung der in der Uruguay-Runde beschlossenen Liberalisierungsmassnahmen in den Bereichen Agrar-, Textil- und Dienstleistungshandel, und zweitens die Behandlung der Fragen über die künftige Zusammenarbeit mit den Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs), die Aufnahme der Volksrepublik China in die WTO und die allenfalls stärkere Ausrichtung der Welthandelsordnung auf den Umweltschutz, das Arbeitsrecht und die Sozialpolitik. Das vorliegende Diskussionspapier hat zum Ziel, die...

An Evaluation of Canadian and U.S. Policies of Log and Lumber Markets

Palavras-chave: International Economic Order; Commercial Policy; Trade Negotiations; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26315

Increasing the United States Tariff-Rate Sugar Quota for Cuba and Mexico: A Partial-Equilibrium Simulation

Devadoss, Stephen.

The recent lumber trade war between Canada and the United States deals with Canadian stumpage policies, Canada’s log export controls, and U.S. retaliatory duty. This study determines the appropriate level of U.S. countervailing duty (CVD) by employing a vertically interrelated log–lumber model. The theoretical results show that the U.S. CVD can be greater (will be less) than the Canadian subsidy for a vertically related log–lumbermarket (for lumber market only). Empirical results support the theoretical findings in that the U.S. CVD for the log–lumber market (lumber market alone) is 1.55 (0.91) times the Canadian subsidy.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Countervailing duty; Dispute; Log; Lumber; Subsidy; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F13.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45517

Petrolia, Daniel R.; Kennedy, P. Lynn.

Increases in the United States tariff-rate quota for sugar are simulated to determine the impact of Cuban market access and an increased Mexican allotment. The effects on both domestic and international sugar markets, including production, consumption, prices and trade, are determined and welfare effects identified. This analysis is carried out using a partial-equilibrium simplified world trade model, Modele International Simplifie de Simulation (MISS), which simulates, in a comparative-static framework, the effects of various policy actions.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Cuba; Mexico; Sugar; Tariff-rate quota; F13; F17; Q17.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43200

Effects of Food Safety Standards on Seafood Exports to US, EU and Japan

Nguyen, Anh Van Thi; Wilson, Norbert L.W..

Estimating the panel gravity model with bilateral pair and country-by-time fixed-effects separately for each seafood product, we found that food safety regulations have differential effects across seafood products. In all three industrialized markets, shrimp is most sensitive, while fish is the least sensitive to changing food safety policies. The enforcement of the US HACCP, the EU Minimum Required Performance Level and the Japanese Food Safety Basic Law caused a loss of 90.45%, 99.47%, and 99.97% to shrimp trade in these markets, and a reduction associated with fish trade was 66.71%, 82.83%, and 89.32%.

The Tariff Equivalent and Forgone Trade Effects of Prohibitive Technical Barriers to Trade

Palavras-chave: Food safety; Seafood; International trade; Gravity model; HACCP; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; C33; F13; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46758

Yue, Chengyan; Beghin, John C..

Replaced by revised version of paper 05/05/08. (Former title: How to Estimate a Technical Barrier to Trade When There Is No Trade)

Distortions to Global Agricultural Markets: What Next?

Palavras-chave: Corner solution; Kuhn-Tucker model; New Zealand apples; NTB; TBT; Technical barrier to trade; Nontariff barrier; Prohibitive; Random utility; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10000

Anderson, Kym.

A decline in governmental distortions to agricultural and other trade since the 1980s has contributed to economic growth and poverty alleviation globally. But new modeling results suggest that has taken the world only three-fifths of the way towards freeing merchandise trade, and that farm policies are responsible for 70 percent of the global welfare cost of remaining distortions to goods markets as of 2004. Meanwhile, new drivers are affecting the mean and variance of world prices of farm products, including biofuel mandates and subsidies, climate change mitigation policies and adaptation, water institution and policy developments, difficulties in concluding a multilateral Doha Round agricultural agreement at the WTO, and policies relating to transgenic...

Double Dividend with Trade Distortions: Analytical Results and Evidence from Chile

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; Asia-Pacific region; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59849

Beghin, John C.; Dessus, Sebastien.

The double-dividend debate evolves around the possibility (or not) of substituting environmental taxes for more distortionary taxes to reduce both pollution degradation and/or damages (the first dividend) and the excess burden of existing taxes (the second dividend), without eroding tax revenues. This paper contributes to the double dividend debate with a formal analysis and some numerical evidence emphasizing trade and environmental distortions. The substitution of environmental taxes for trade distortions has been neglected in the double-dividend debate, which has centered on labor market distortions. Conditions for the existence of a double dividend are derived for different characterizations of preferences and policy menus. We empirically explore the...

MIRAGE, Updated Version of the Model for Trade Policy Analysis: Focus on Agriculture and Dynamics

Palavras-chave: Double dividend; Trade and environment; Piecemeal reform; Policy coordination; Chile; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q28; H21.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18569

Decreux, Yvan; Valin, Hugo.

MIRAGE is a multi-region, multi-sector computable general equilibrium model, devoted to trade policy analysis. It incorporates imperfect competition, horizontal and vertical product differentiation, and foreign direct investment, in a sequential dynamic set-up where installed capital is assumed to be immobile. Adjustment inertia is linked to capital stock reallocation. MIRAGE draws upon a very detailed measure of trade barriers and of their evolution under given hypotheses, thanks to the MAcMap database. The most recent version, presented in this paper, offers improvements in the modelling of agriculture policy and dynamics.

Preferential Tariffs, WTO and Developing Countries: Do the Gains from Multilateral Market Access Outweigh Preferential Access?

Palavras-chave: Computable general equilibrium model; Trade policy; Dynamics; Foreign direct investment; Imperfect competition; International Relations/Trade; D58; F12; F13.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7284

Elbehri, Aziz; Wainio, John.

WTO trade negotiations on market access follow the MFN treatment. However, an increasing share of trade falls under preferential regimes. For agriculture, trade liberalization analyses have showed that the impact on developing countries (DC) is not uniform, partly from omitting preferences. In this paper, we examine whether preference-recipient DC benefit more from across the board tariff cuts than from preferences. We employ a global CGE model with detailed preference-inclusive tariff database to examine the differential impact of trade liberalization on DC subject to preferences versus MFN-based market access. We focus on the European Union- the world largest preferences provider- and run two experiments of tariff cuts by the EU: a 50% across-the-board...

The Free Trade Area of the Americas and the Market for Processed Orange Products

Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade preferences; MFN tariffs; Trade liberalization; Developing countries; Preferential trade Agreements; International Relations/Trade; D5; F13.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25644

Spreen, Thomas H.; Brewster, Charlene; Brown, Mark G..

The proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas would join the world’s two largest processed orange producing regions: Brazil and the United States. Because the United States currently imposes a sizeable tariff on imported processed orange products, there is concern by U.S. orange growers over possible adverse effects resulting from tariff elimination. A model of the world processed orange market is developed as a spatial equilibrium model with implicit supply functions based on the dynamic behavior of orange production. The model is used to estimate the impact of U.S. tariff elimination on U.S. production, grower and processor prices, and imports. The results suggest a sizeable price impact on U.S. producers if the tariff is eliminated.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Orange juice; Spatial equilibrium; Tariffs; Trade; C61; F13.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37837

Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: Introduction and Summary

Anderson, Kym.

During the 1960s and 1970s most developing countries imposed anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries, while doing little to assist small farmers in high-income countries. Since the 1980s, however, many developing countries began to reduce the anti-agricultural bias of sectoral policies, and from the early 1990s the European Union began to move away from price supports to more-direct forms of farm income payments. This paper summarizes a forthcoming book that seeks to explain this evolving pattern of distortions to incentives conceptually and econometrically by making use of new...

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Australia and New Zealand

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural price and trade policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50306

Anderson, Kym; Lattimore, Ralph G.; Lloyd, Peter J.; MacLaren, Donald.

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Sudan

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48387

Faki, Hamid; Taha, Abdelmoneim.

India's Reform of External Sector Policies and Future Multilateral Trade Negotiations

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48520

Srinivasan, T.N..

I evaluate India's transition from an inward-oriented development strategy to greater participation in the world economy. While tariff rates have decreased significantly over the past decade, India is still one of the more autarkic countries. Despite improvement over the past in export performance, India continues to lag behind its South- and East Asian neighbors. Second, official debt flows have been largely replaced by foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investment in the 1990s. India's ability to attract FDI would be greatly enhanced by further reforms. I argue that India's participation in a future round of multilateral trade negotiations would benefit India. I outline the further reforms most needed: reform of labour and bankruptcy laws,...