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Registros recuperados: 222
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Innovation, Productivity Growth, and the Survival of the U.S. Copper Industry AgEcon
Tilton, John E.; Landsberg, Hans H..
Mining is widely viewed as an old industry with mature and stable technologies. Companies and countries with the best deposits are the most productive and efficient producers. As these deposits are depleted, mining shifts to countries with the next best deposits. This tendency to exploit poorer quality ores tends to push productivity down and the prices of mineral commodities up over time. Copper mining in the United States, however, calls into question this conventional view. After leading the world in output for decades, the U.S. industry lost its ability to compete and suffered a major decline during the 1970s and early 1980s. In the face of predictions of complete collapse, it staged a remarkable revival, and today mines more copper than in 1970. A...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Copper industry; Productivity; Technological change; Comparative advantage; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q30; L72; O31; F14.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10534
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India's Reform of External Sector Policies and Future Multilateral Trade Negotiations AgEcon
Srinivasan, T.N..
I evaluate India's transition from an inward-oriented development strategy to greater participation in the world economy. While tariff rates have decreased significantly over the past decade, India is still one of the more autarkic countries. Despite improvement over the past in export performance, India continues to lag behind its South- and East Asian neighbors. Second, official debt flows have been largely replaced by foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investment in the 1990s. India's ability to attract FDI would be greatly enhanced by further reforms. I argue that India's participation in a future round of multilateral trade negotiations would benefit India. I outline the further reforms most needed: reform of labour and bankruptcy laws,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: India; Antidumping; Developing countries; Economic reform; Export performance; Foreign direct investment; Intellectual property rights; Multilateral trade negotiations; Quantitative restrictions; Real exchange rate; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; F15; F21; F35; H54; K31; O34; O38; O53; P11.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28428
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Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in the Dominican Republic AgEcon
Santos, Jesus de los; Pena, Pedro Pablo.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48393
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THE PRODUCTION THEORY APPROACH TO IMPORT DEMAND ANALYSIS: A COMPARISON OF THE ROTTERDAM MODEL AND THE DIFFERENTIAL PRODUCTION APPROACH AgEcon
Washington, Andrew A.; Kilmer, Richard L..
Results indicate that, when comparing the unconditional derived-demand elasticities to the unconditional consumer demand elasticities, significant differences emerge due to the differences in the first-stage estimation procedure between the differential production approach and the Rotterdam model. In comparing the consumer demand price/corss-price elasticities to the derived-demand price/cross-price elasticities, it is clear that use of the Rotterdam model when a production approach should be used can lead to overestimation, underestimation, and incorrect signs in deriving unconditional price effects.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Dairy; Demand; Imports; International; Production; Rotterdam; Trade; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; D24; F10; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15070
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HOW COMPETITIVE IS THE WORLD WHEAT MARKET? AgEcon
Carter, Colin A.; MacLaren, Donald; Yilmaz, Alper.
Japan is one of the largest importers of wheat in the world, with imports originating from three countries, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Australia, Canada, and Japan all use a government single-desk agency to control wheat trade. Many previous studies on competition in the world grain trade have argued the market is imperfectly competitive, and they often point to the Japanese market. We study the Japanese wheat import market for this reason, but find no compelling evidence of imperfect competition.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Wheat trade; Competition; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F14; L10; Q17.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11973
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COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES IN AGRO-FOOD TRADE OF HUNGARY, CROATIA AND SLOVENIA WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION AgEcon
Bojnec, Stefan; Ferto, Imre.
This paper investigates comparative trade advantages in agro-food trade. We analyze comparative advantages of Hungarian, Croatian and Slovenian agro-food trade in the European Union (EU) markets. Both the levels and pattern of the revealed comparative advantage measure are investigated. The empirical research seeks to explain how revealed comparative advantages have developed across countries, main product groups and over time and what are likely their implications for multifunctional rural development in the enlarged EU. We employ a disaggregated trade dataset to identify the revealed comparative advantages to provide broader policy implications. The empirical results confirmed bulk of agro-food and forestry products with revealed comparative advantages...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Comparative advantage; Croatia; Hungary; Slovenia.; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90870
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Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Pakistan AgEcon
Dorosh, Paul A.; Salam, Abdul.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48482
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AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD TRADE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE AgEcon
Bojnec, Stefan; Hartmann, Monika.
One of the striking features in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries is the deterioration of their agricultural and food trade balance during transition to a market economy as imports increased faster than exports or exports even declined. This paper investigates the Slovenian agricultural and food trade in more detail focusing on changes in the geographical distribution of trade and the nature of trade specialization on the basis of the Grubel-Lloyd Intra-Industry Trade index and Marginal Intra-Industry Trade Indices. The results indicate that Slovenian agricultural and food trade largely remains of the inter-industry type with specialisation of exports towards the former Yugoslav markets and imports from the European Union. The proportion of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Integration; Agro-food sector; Industrial Organization; F14; F15; P52; Q17.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14940
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Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in South Africa AgEcon
Kirsten, Johann F.; Edwards, Lawrence; Vink, Nick.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48514
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The Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment to China's Export Performance: Evidence from Disaggregated Sectors AgEcon
Gu, Weishi; Awokuse, Titus O.; Yuan, Yan.
There has been a long debate in the theoretical and empirical economic circles on how host country's exports respond to inward foreign direct investment (FDI). This paper examines whether FDI stimulates export performance of the recipient countries using the case of China. It contributes to the literature by investigating the relationship of FDI and export performance using disaggregated manufacturing sectors from 1995 to 2005. The empirical results suggest that FDI flows into China have statistically significant and positive effects on its exports and it exhibits differences across sectors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Export performance; Foreign direct investment; China; Panel data; International Relations/Trade; F21; F14; C33.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6453
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EU Trade Preferences for Moroccan Tomato Exports--Who Benefits? AgEcon
Chemnitz, Christine; Grethe, Harald.
The EU applies a complex system of preferences for tomato imports from Morocco. Quantities are fixed and serve as entry price quotas and tariff rate quotas at the same time. This paper provides empirical evidence of i) the existence of an economic rent under the EU preferential scheme for tomato imports from Morocco of about €24-36.5 mill. per year, and ii) the distribution of that rent. Due to the structure of the Moroccan export sector as well as the EU method of allocating import licenses, it is likely that a large part of the quota rent ends up at the Moroccan side and that a dissipation of the rent in physical rent-seeking activities is limited.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Morocco; Tomatoes; Trade preferences; Euro-Mediterranean Agreement; Tariff rate quota; Quota rent; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F14.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24686
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Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Central and Eastern Europe AgEcon
Ciaian, Pavel; Swinnen, Johan F.M..
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48385
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The logic of the CAP: Politics or Economics? AgEcon
Henning, Christian H.C.A.; Struve, Carsten; Brockmeier, Martina.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48639
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Why Governments Tax or Subsidize Trade: Evidence from Agriculture AgEcon
Gawande, Kishore; Hoekman, Bernard.
This paper empirically explores the political-economic determinants of why governments choose to tax or subsidize trade in agriculture. We use a new data set on nominal rates of assistance (NRA) across a number of commodities spanning the last five decades for 64 countries. NRAs measure the effect on domestic (relative to world) price of the quantitative and price-based instruments used to regulate agricultural markets. The data set admits consideration of both taxes and subsidies on exports and imports. We find that both economic and political variables play important roles in determining the within-variation in the NRA data. Based on our results we offer a number of data-driven exploratory hypotheses that can inform future theoretical and empirical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price distortions; Political economy of trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11; H23.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50300
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FOREIGN TRADE AND TRANSITION PROCESS IN AGRI-FOOD SECTOR OF UKRAINE AgEcon
Levkovych, Inna; Hockmann, Heinrich.
In this study we try to assess the progress of the transformation process in Ukrainian agri-food sector. The development of foreign trade may serve as indicator of success of market reforms. Thus we analyse the changes in the trade structure of agri-food sector during 1996-2005. Also we compute indicators of inter- (RTA Index) and intra-industrial (Grubel-Lloyd Index, Brülhart A-Index) trade for this period. These indicators provide information about competitiveness of Ukrainian products, type and development of trade flows. We discuss also which policy measures are necessary for further economic integration of Ukraine into world markets
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agri-food sector; Foreign trade; Intra-industry trade; Competitiveness; Grubel-Lloyd-Index; Ukraine; Agrar- und Ernährungssektor; Außenhandel; Intra-industrieller Handel; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Grubel-Lloyd-Index; Ukraine; Агропродовольственный сектор; Международная торговля; Внутри- отраслевая торговля; Конкурентноспособность; Индекс Грубель-Ллойда; Украина; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91956
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Implications of EU Enlargement for the New Member States' Agri-food Trade AgEcon
Bartosova, Dasa; Bartova, Lubica; Fidrmuc, Jarko.
We estimated dynamic panel models for the agri-food trade of six new Member States (the Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) with selected countries and trade groupings between 1996 and 2005. In general, we found low income elasticities and high price elasticities of import demand for agricultural commodities. The lagged values for trade are highly significant. We also show that accession to the EU increased the new Member States' exports, but had less impact on their imports. The new Member States have gained significantly from liberalised access to the EU agri-food markets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agri-food trade; EU enlargement; Dynamic panel data models; Labor and Human Capital; C23; F15; F14.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7320
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Trade Complexity and Productivity AgEcon
Altomonte, Carlo; Bekes, Gabor.
We exploit a panel dataset of Hungarian firms merged with product-level trade data for the period 1992-2003 to investigate the relation between firms' trading activities (importing, exporting or both) and productivity. We find important self-selection effects of the most productive firms induced by the existence of heterogeneous sunk costs of trade, for both importers and exporters. We relate these sunk costs of trade to the relationship-specific nature of the trade activities, entailing a certain degree of technological and organizational complexity. We also show that, to the extent that imports and exports are correlated within firms, failing to control for the importing activity leads to overstated average productivity premia of exporters.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Trade Openness; Firms' Heterogeneity; Productivity; International Relations/Trade; F12; F14; L25.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54170
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Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Colombia AgEcon
Guterman, Lia.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48392
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Prospective Trends in Wine Export Markets – Expert Views from Spain AgEcon
Bardaji, Isabel; Mili, Samir.
As in other European producing countries, the wine industry in Spain faces growing competition from New World producers. International competitiveness of Spanish and European wines has been affected by increasing supply, declining public support, saturated domestic demand and increasingly quality-driven markets. Resolving the derived wine competitiveness crisis would require production rationalisation and adaptation to changing commercial and demand requirements, through new productive processes and strategies for further opening of foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to explore main current and future trends affecting the global wine market and their consequences from the Spanish perspective. After identifying the world wine market’s main...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Wine markets; Export prospects; Spain; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; F14; Q13.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51084
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Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Tanzania AgEcon
Morrissey, Oliver; Leyaro, Vincent.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48550
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