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| Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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| Carson, Richard T.; Hanemann, W. Michael; Kopp, Raymond J.; Krosnick, Jon A.; Mitchell, Robert C.; Presser, Stanley; Ruud, Paul A.; Smith, V. Kerry. |
| In 1992 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) convened a panel of prominent social scientists to assess the reliability of natural resource damage estimates derived from contingent valuation (CV). The product of the panel's deliberations was a report that laid out a set of recommended guidelines for CV survey design, administration, and data analysis. This paper focuses on one of these guidelines -- the Panel's call for the "temporal averaging" of willingness-to-pay (WTP) responses obtained from CV surveys as one method for increasing their reliability. The panel suggested: "Time dependent measurement noise should be reduced by averaging across independently drawn samples taken at different points in time. A clear and substantial time... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Natural resource damages; Passive use; Exxon Valdez; Reliability; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; D61; K32; Q28. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10580 |
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| Boyd, James. |
| The study explores challenges associated with, and the feasibility of, financial assurance requirements for liabilities arising under U.S. environmental statutes, with a particular emphasis on liabilities associated with natural resource damages (NRDs). The overlap between federal NRD liability and financial assurance arises in the context of two financial assurance rules: one for waterborne vessels that carry oil or hazardous substances, and one for offshore facilities used for oil exploration, drilling, production, or transport. The report addresses the rules' history, their role as a complement to other forms of environmental regulation, and their impact on the regulated community and providers of coverage. Despite numerous difficulties and over... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Financial assurance; Financial responsibility; Natural resource damages; Liability; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; K13; K32; Q38. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10673 |
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| Shin, Soonjae. |
| Es wird häufig angenommen, dass nationale und grenzüberschreitende Klimapolitik, die aufgrund des Kyoto-Protokolls in den Industriestaaten eingeführt wird, durch die Einschränkung der Nutzung fossiler Energieträger ökonomische Kosten verursacht. Damit kann es zwischen den emissionsintensiven Industrien der Staaten, die Kyoto- Ziele umsetzen müssen, und denen der Staaten ohne eine solche Verpflichtung zu Wettbewerbsverzerrungen kommen. Langfristig kann jedoch technologischer Fortschritt die Klimaschutzkosten signifikant senken und dadurch die Wettbewerbsverzerrung mindern. Dennoch ist nicht auszuschließen, dass die kurzfristigen Wettbewerbsverzerrungen aufgrund einer differenzierten Einführung klimapolitischer Instrumente je nach Sektor durchaus... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Internationale Klimapolitik; Wettbewerb; Internationale Handelsregeln; Politische Koordination; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; K32; K33; O19. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26348 |
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| Charlier, Christophe; Valceschini, Egizio. |
| In response to sanitary crisis, risk management has become a central issue for food producers and distributors in Europe. Organisational responses to sanitary risks usually implying traceability have been conceived by firms. One of the main tasks here is to deal with coordination of the different operators of a food chain. The European Union has developed a regulatory framework with the Regulation 178/2002. This regulation sets a mandatory traceability considered as a risk management tool. Traceability that was considered as a private initiative has therefore become an obligation with this regulation. This paper tries to evaluate if the problem of the operators coordination on specific traceability practices that any private organisational of a food chain... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Risk management; Food safety; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; I18; K32; Q18.. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7718 |
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| Slunge, Daniel; Sterner, Thomas. |
| This paper studies the Swedish prohibition of the hazardous solvent Trichloroethylene (TCE). Sweden is alone in completely prohibiting its use. The ban has been at best a partial success and illustrates the dilemmas of policymaking. Use has declined but not stopped, largely because the decision to ban TCE was challenged in the courts. Recently, the EU Court of Justice decided in favor of Sweden's right to have a ban. This article analyzes abatement cost data to show that the cost of replacing TCE is low for most plants, although there appear to be a few firms for which it may be quite high. A cross-country comparison indicates that the Swedish ban was less effective than the very strict technical requirements in Germany or the tax used in Norway. A tax (or... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Hazardous chemicals; Regulation; Environmental tax; Solvents; Environmental Economics and Policy; D62; L50; Q28; K32. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10516 |
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| Alberini, Anna; Scasny, Milan. |
| The Value of a Statistical Life is a key input into the calculation of the benefits of environmental policies that save lives. To date, the VSL used in environmental policy analyses has not been adjusted for age or the cause of death. Air pollution regulations, however, are linked to reductions in the risk of dying for cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses, raising the question whether a single VSL should be applied for all of these causes of death. We conducted a conjoint choice experiment survey in Milan, Italy, to investigate this question. We find that the VSL increases with dread, exposure, the respondents’ assessments of the baseline risks, and experience with the specific risks being studied. The VSL is higher when the risk reduction is... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: VSL; Conjoint Choice Experiments; Mortality Risk Reductions; Cost-benefit Analysis; Forced Choice Questions; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; I18; J17; K32; Q51. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98097 |
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| Gerard, Mondello. |
| This paper analyzes the difficulties of comparing the respective effectiveness of two among the most important liability regimes in tort law: rule of negligence and strict liability. Starting from the standard Shavellian unilateral accident scheme, I show that matching up liability regime on their capacity to provide the highest level of safety is ineffective. This demonstration lies on two components. The first one gathers some results drawn from literature that introduces uncertainty. The second one takes into consideration the beliefs of agents and their aversion to ambiguity. The model applies uncertainty to the level of maximum damage. This demonstration reinforces the previous result. Hence, both regimes apply on specific tort question and comparing... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Strict Liability; Negligence Rule; Ambiguity Theory; Uncertainty; Accident Model; Risk and Uncertainty; K0; K32; Q01; Q58. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121910 |
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| Alberini, Anna; Austin, David H.. |
| This paper explores the issue of whether strict liability imposed on polluters has served to reduce uncontrolled releases of toxics into the environment. Strict liability should create additional incentives for firms to handle hazardous substances more carefully, thus reducing the future likelihood of uncontrolled releases of toxics. However, the size of these incentives may vary according to the size of a firm's assets, since asset size is the ultimate limit on a firm's liability. We are therefore interested to see whether imposing strict liability for the cost of remediation at hazardous waste sites has encouraged firms to handle toxic materials more carefully and has uniformly reduced the incidence of toxic spills, or whether the effect is dependent on... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Strict liability; Hazardous substances; Accident risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; K32; D21. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10597 |
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| Hipp, Janie S.; Francis, Harriet F.. |
| Agriculture has seen a steady movement toward the increased use of contracts. Agricultural contracts now guide the interrelationships of parties throughout the modern production system, extending well beyond the livestock sector. With this predominance come new issues that require us to reexamine contract theory and the roles of the parties. This review examines legislation, regulations, and recent court rulings in seemingly unrelated areas that have specific relationships to the development of contracts in production agriculture: environmental law and labor law. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Contracting; Environment; Labor; Law; Liability; Relationships; Risk; D23; D86; K12; K31; K32. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43508 |
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| Krupnick, Alan J.; Farrell, Deirdre. |
| EPA appears likely to tighten the ambient ozone standard, even as many areas of the country are having great difficulties meeting the current standard. This paper offers an analysis of potential regulatory, administrative, and legislative initiatives for reducing the costs of meeting ozone standards. The detailed analysis of these initiatives is organized into six steps: (i) acknowledge mistakes and adapt to new knowledge; (ii) rehabilitate EPA's Title I Program; (iii) build on the best ideas; (iv) clarify and change the Clean Air Act; (v) educate the public; and (vi) fund research. EPA can go a long way to make its programs more efficient and effective without changes in the Clean Air Act; indeed, a number of its current initiatives show promise. But it... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Ambient ozone standards; Policy; Economic analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; K32. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10752 |
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| Charlier, Christophe. |
| Traceability and labelling are required by European regulation for food produced from GMOs. For this regulation one of the main advantages of traceability consists in providing information that should allow the precise withdrawal of products from the production process. This paper tests this idea. For that purpose, it seeks to establish whether the mandatory traceability will create an information set refined enough to locate GMO products in the production process. In this respect, the limits of the European regulation are pointed out. It is shown however that results are improved as soon as labelling is introduced alongside the requirement of traceability. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Labelling; GMO; Risk management; Food safety; Risk and Uncertainty; I18; K32; Q18. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24700 |
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| Henson, Spencer J.; Caswell, Julie A.; Cranfield, John A.L.; Fazil, Aamir; Davidson, Valerie J.; Anders, Sven M.; Schmidt, Claudia. |
| To lower the incidence of human food-borne disease, experts and stakeholders have urged the development of a science- and risk-based management system in which food-borne hazards are analyzed and prioritized. A literature review shows that most approaches to risk prioritization developed to date are based on measures of health outcomes and do not systematically account for other factors that may be important to decision making. The Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework developed here considers four factors that may be important to risk managers: public health, consumer risk perceptions and acceptance, market-level impacts, and social sensitivity. The framework is based on the systematic organization and analysis of data on these multiple factors.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Risk analysis; Risk prioritization; Food-borne pathogens; Benefits and costs; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; L51; Q00; K32; H11. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7385 |
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| Carson, Richard T.; Hanemann, W. Michael; Kopp, Raymond J.; Krosnick, Jon A.; Mitchell, Robert C.; Presser, Stanley; Ruud, Paul A.; Smith, V. Kerry; Conaway, Michael; Martin, Kerry. |
| In 1992 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) convened a panel of prominent social scientists to assess the reliability of natural resource damage estimates derived from contingent valuation (CV). The product of the Panel's deliberations was a report that laid out a set of recommended guidelines for CV survey design, administration, and data analysis. One of the Panel's recommendations was that CV surveys should employ a referendum approach. This method describes a choice mechanism that asks each respondent how they would vote if faced with a particular program and the prospect of paying for the program through some means, such as higher taxes. The Panel also recommended that CV referendum questions which commonly use only "for" or... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Natural resource damages; Passive use; Exxon Valdez; Reliability; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; D61; K32; Q28. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10865 |
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| Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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