|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 26 | |
|
| |
|
|
| Verdolini, Elena; Johnstone, Nick; Hascic, Ivan. |
| This paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of energy efficiency in fossil fuel electricity generation across 28 OECD countries over the period 1981-2006, with particular attention to the role played by technological development and the availability of energy efficient technologies in the market. This contribution is novel in three respects: first, empirically assess the effects of different determinants of energy efficiency, which include the input mix in electricity generation, the capacity ratio at which power plants are run, as well as the characteristics of the production technology. Second, we focus on the role of technological availability: using patent data for carefully selected innovations in fossil-fuel technologies, we build... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Fossil Fuel Electricity Generation; Energy Efficiency; Carbon Intensity; Technological Change; Patents; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q40; O33; O13. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120043 |
| |
|
|
| Gaisford, James D.; Richardson, R. Stephen. |
| The world standards for patents and copyrights established by the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) have been controversial from their inception. This article establishes parallels between cooperative increases in the duration of intellectual property protection and cooperative reductions in tariff protection. Whereas a countrys tariffs lead to unintended harm to other countries, its intellectual property protection generates unintended benefits. The long-established GATT principle of trade liberalization has traditionally achieved mutual gains for countries of all types through symmetric tariff rate cuts that result in different final rates. By contrast, the TRIPS agreement created the likelihood of losses for developing... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Copyrights; Innovation; Intellectual property; Patents; Trade-related intellectual property rights; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23839 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Buttow,Mônica Elisa; Steindel,Mário. |
| An analysis of Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) patent database from 2001 to 2005 showed that less than 5% of the total patent deposited in the subclass C12N, which referred to "Microorganisms or Enzymes, Compositions thereof, Propagating, Preserving or Maintaining Microorganisms, Mutation or Genetic Engineering, Culture Media", were from national depositors. In contrast, more than 34% of all these deposits came from the United States of America during the same period. Among the national depositors, public universities and government research institutions contributed with 83% over all the deposits, demonstrating that research and development in the field of Biotechnology in Brazil has been concentrated within Brazilian public... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Patents; Biotechnology; Intellectual Property; Technologic Innovation. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132012000300003 |
| |
|
| |
| Registros recuperados: 26 | |
|
|
|
