SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Muhammad, Andrew; McPhail, Lihong Lu; Kiawu, James.

We estimate the demand for imported cotton in China and assess the competitiveness of cotton-exporting countries. Given the assertion that African cotton producers are ill affected by U.S. cotton subsidies, our focus is the price competition between the C4 countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali) and United States in China. Demand estimates are used to project how U.S. prices affect China’s imports by country. In comparing demand projections, results show that the relationship between the United States and the C4 has more to do with how U.S. prices can affect global prices rather than any substitute or competitive relationship in the Chinese market.

Exchange Rates, Foreign Income, and U.S. Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Africa; China; Cotton; Demand; Imports; United States; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; F17; Q11; Q17.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103210

Shane, Mathew; Roe, Terry L.; Somwaru, Agapi.

This paper focuses on estimating the effects of trade partner income and real trade-weighted exchange rates on US agricultural exports. For the period 1970-2003, a one percent annual increase in trade partners’ income is found to increase total agricultural exports by about 1.6 percent while a one percent appreciation of the dollar relative to trade partner trade-weighted currencies decreases total agricultural exports by about 0.8 percent. We find these effects also carry over to 12 commodity subcategories, although the effects are conditioned by differences between bulk and high value commodities, and differences in the export demand from high compared to low income countries. We also find that the negative effect of exchange rate appreciation on exports...

Market Access Asymmetry in Food Trade among Quad Countries

Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; U.S. agricultural trade; U.S. agricultural commodity exports; U.S. agricultural export prices; Foreign income; International Relations/Trade; F10; F14; Q17.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6686

Olper, Alessandro; Raimondi, Valentina.

This paper uses a gravity-like structure derived from a monopolistic competition model to measure market access among Canada, USA, Japan and EU Quad countries over the 1996-2001 period. We explore the overall asymmetry and 18 food industrial-level asymmetries of bilateral trade openness. Using actual bilateral estimates of tariffs and nontariff barriers, we investigate their role in explaining the trade reduction effect of national borders. A representative estimate of market access shows that higher asymmetries exist in USA, Canada and EU trade with Japan. Quite surprisingly, the last country is always more open than the reverse. Finally, we found that tariffs and NTBs explain a significant part of the border effects and that the NTB role is often...

Dinamiche del commercio internazionale dell'olio di oliva italiano: un'analisi prospettica

Palavras-chave: Market access; Food trade; Asymmetry; Gravity; QUAD countries; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24596

Finco, Adele; Padella, Monica; Di Pronio, Guido; Pollonara, Mirco.

The paper analyses the dynamics of the Italian olive oil trade and gives a preliminary explanation of the opportunity in the international market. The paper starts showing the description of olive oil chain and production and underlining the main factors affecting the import export system. The aim of this work is to explain the magnitude of the trade flows for olive oil from Italy to its main importing countries. This objective has been reached by establishing an appropriate econometric model derived from an extended form of the “Gravity Model”. This model has been broadly applied to the analysis of international trade because it provides robust estimates. The results obtained and the model itself are useful in forecasting potential trends in the...

Impacts of the U.S.-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement - the Apple Case

Palavras-chave: Italian Olive Oil; Food-Trade; Gravity Models; Export Analysis; Q13; Q17; C20.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48194

Fu, Shengfei; Epperson, James E.; Ames, Glenn C.W..

The U.S.-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) levels the playing field of trade between the United States and the six CAFTA-DR partner countries. Half of U.S. farm products gain immediate tariff-free access to the markets of the CAFTA-DR region. All Tariffs will be eliminated in 20 years. Under CAFTA-DR, tariffs on an important U.S. fresh fruit export to the region, fresh apples, declined from an initial base of 15%-25% in CAFTA-DR countries to zero immediately upon enforcement. The specific objective of this research is to analyze the impact of tariff elimination under CAFTA-DR on the trade of U.S. fresh apples. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is used for the analysis involving an excess-supply-excess-demand model with...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: CAFTA-DR; Trade liberalization; Tariff elimination; Generalized Method of Moments (GMM); Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119782

Area-Wide Management of Fruit-Flies: What are the Costs and the Benefits?

Florec, Veronique; Sadler, Rohan; White, Benedict.

Increasing volumes and speed of agricultural trade and the opening of new markets for agricultural products create greater challenges to systems established to protect countries from invasive organisms that can be harmful to human and animal health, crops and natural environments. In reaction to the threat of exotic pests and diseases, the World Trade Organization recognises the right of country members to protect themselves from the risks posed by exotic pests and diseases through the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures. One possible response from exporting countries facing SPS trade barriers is to obtain pest-free area (PFA) certification. While large benefits can potentially be achieved from greater access to world markets through...

POST-URUGUAY ROUND PRICE LINKAGES BETWEEN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF RICE AND WHEAT MARKETS

Palavras-chave: Eradication; Surveillance; Queensland Fruit Fly; Area-Wide Management of Pests; Pestfree area; Invasive species; Biosecurity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q1; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100881

Yavapolkul, Navin; Gopinath, Munisamy; Gulati, Ashok.

The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture attempted to lower distortions in the global agricultural markets. However, the significant fall in commodity prices in late 1990s may have reduced the incentives for both developed and developing countries to better integrate into the world markets. This study analyzes price linkages and adjustment between developed and developing countries during the post-Uruguay Round period. Prices of two key commodity markets, long-grain rice and medium-hard wheat, are assembled for major exporters and producers. Results from the multivariate cointegration analysis suggest partial market integration between developed and developing countries in the post-Uruguay Round period. Developed countries are found to be price leaders...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Price Linkage; Developing Countries; Rice markets; Wheat Markets; Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA); Doha Development round of the World Trade Organization (WTO); International Relations/Trade; Q17; O13; Q11.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60453

Assessing the 2003 CAP Reform: Sensitivity to the Decoupling of Agenda 2000 Direct Payments

Gohin, Alexandre.

The European Union decided in June 2003 a new reform of its farm policy with a new step toward the decoupling of farm income support instruments. Available impact studies find that this reform will reduce production incentives, substantially for beef and to a lesser extent for arable crops. All these studies assume that the Agenda 2000 arable crop direct payments are already mostly decoupled while beef premiums are much more linked to production. Our main objective in this paper is to test the sensitivity of these results to this questionable modelling of Agenda 2000 direct payments which neglects eligibility rules and land market imperfections. Our analysis reveals that the negative effects of the reform on both arable crop and beef production are not...

The Effects of Energy Price Increases on Dutch Horticulture

Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Decoupling; Computable General Equilibrium; European Union.; International Relations/Trade; D57; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18868

Bunte, Frank H.J.; van Galen, Michiel A..

This paper elaborates on the effects of a rise in energy costs for Dutch glasshouse horticultural producers. The effects on production, bilateral trade and consumption in 25 European countries plus Morocco, Turkey and the Rest of the World, are estimated using a version of the HORTUS partial equilibrium supply and demand model. This model includes 11 sorts of fruit and vegetables, and two categories of ornamental plants and flowers. As energy, especially natural gas, is a major intermediate input in Dutch glasshouse horticulture, it has potentially large impacts on producers and trade. The results indicate that a 10 percent increase in energy prices could cause significant shifts in production and trade flows, as well as some changes in consumption...

The Export-Production Decision of Chilean Farmers: The Case of Blueberry Producers

Palavras-chave: Energy costs; Glasshouse vegetables and flowers; Model of international trade; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F15; F17; Q17.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24717

Echeverria, Rodrigo; Gopinath, Munisamy; Moreira, Victor H.; Cortes, Pedro.

This article analyzes the relative importance of producers’ attributes and farms’ geographical characteristics in the decision to produce an exportable good (blueberries) in the southern region of Chile. Using farm-level data, a logit model is estimated to identify factors influencing the export-production decision. Results show that the probability of producing blueberries increases with the educational level of producers (a proxy for productivity), the presence of irrigation and drainage systems, and the availability of labor. The last factor, which arises from the proximity to large and urbanized regions, has a stronger effect on the export-production decisions of Chilean farms than either farmers’ education or farms’ physical characteristics.

Welfare and Poverty Effects of Global Agricultural and Trade Policies Using the Linkage Model

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Trade; Export Production; Geography; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; F11; Q17; O13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51025

Anderson, Kym; Valenzuela, Ernesto; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique.

This paper analyzes the economic effects of agricultural price and merchandise trade policies around the world as of 2004 on global markets, net farm incomes, and national and regional economic welfare and poverty, using the global economy wide Linkage Model, new estimates of agricultural price distortions for developing countries, and a poverty elasticities approach. It addresses two questions: To what extent are policies as of 2004 still reducing rewards from farming in developing countries and thereby adding to inequality across countries in farm household incomes? Are they depressing value added more in primary agriculture than in the rest of the economy of developing countries, and earnings of unskilled workers more than of owners of other factors of...

Meat Demand in South Korea: An Application of the Restricted Source-Differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System Model

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52785

Henneberry, Shida Rastegari; Hwang, Seonghuyk.

The first difference version of the restricted source-differentiated almost ideal demand system is used to estimate South Korean meat demand. The results of this study indicate that the United States has the most to gain from an increase in the size of the South Korean imported meat market in terms of its beef exports, while South Korea has the most to gain from this expansion in the pork market. Moreover, the results indicate that the United States has a competitive advantage to Australia in the South Korean beef market. Results of this study have implications for U.S. meat exports in this ever-changing policy environment.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: AIDS; Source differentiation; South Korean meat demand; U.S. competitiveness; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; Q17.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6633

Effects of Non-farm Employments on Poverty among Small Households in Developed Villages of Bangladesh: A Case of Comilla Sadar Upazila

Malek, Mohammad Abdul; Usami, Koichi.

The study aims at estimating comprehensive effects of non-farm employments (NFEs) on poverty based on an intensive field survey conducted in 2008 on about 175 small landholding households in developed four villages of Comilla Sadar Upazila. We analyze participating factors of small household workers in NFEs and their effects on household production (farming and non-farm activities) and consumption (both food and non-food). For estimating consumption effects (poverty), we focus on food adequacy, income poverty and education poverty (as a part of human poverty). At each level of estimation, we depend on appropriate econometric regressions. Results find the significant positive role of overall NFEs on household NFAs rather faming. Remittance incomes do not...

Trade Liberalization and Agricultural Terms of Trade in China: Price Scissors Revisited

Palavras-chave: Non-farm employments; Household economy; Production; Consumption; Income poverty; Education poverty; Bangladesh; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; J43; O15; Q12; Q17; R15.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52811

Carter, Colin A.; Zhu, Jing.

With China’s accession to the WTO, concerns have arisen over the possible negative welfare impacts on domestic agricultural producers. The broad concern is that China’s domestic agricultural prices will be pushed down even further, leading to a greater widening of the gap between rural and urban incomes. It is widely believed that declining price ratio of agricultural to industrial products, the so-called “price scissors”, is one of the major reasons for increasing rural-urban income differences over the past decades. Therefore, improving the terms of trade in favor of agricultural products is a broad policy goal in China. But is this possible with the country joining the WTO? While there is a general perception that the price scissors have negatively...

Evolving Seasonal Pattern of Tenerife Tomato Exports

Palavras-chave: Trade openness; China’s price scissors; Rural-urban income gap; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51636

Rodriguez, Gloria Martin; Hernandez, Jose Juan Caceres.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the long term movements and, particularly, the seasonal pattern of Tenerife (Canary Islands) tomato exports throughout the last two decades. In order to observe more clearly the exporter's decisions, weekly data has been used. The instabilities in the long term behaviour of the series and the specific nature of the seasonal pattern should be taken into account in order to capture the performance of exports accurately. Thus, this analysis is carried out inside the frame delimited by the structural approach to time series and the usefulness of evolving splines as a tool capable of modelling seasonal variations in which either the period or the magnitude of the fluctuations do not remain the same over time is shown.

Do Exports Raise Productivity? Plant-level Evidence from the Colombian Agri-food Industries

Palavras-chave: Tenerife tomato exports; Weekly data; Structural models; Evolving splines; International Relations/Trade; C22; Q17.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24501

Kandilov, Ivan T.; Liu, Xiangping.

Using detailed plant-level manufacturing Census data from the Colombian Agri-food industries, we show that exports raise plant-level productivity by about 15 to 20 percent. However, the estimates reveal that efficiency in plants that become persistent exporters, i.e. plants that service foreign markets at least 30 percent of the time during our sample years 1981-1991, increases about 30 percent upon their entry into foreign markets, while productivity in plants that become only occasional exporters does not change at all. Hence, the positive impact of exports on productivity for is driven by the large positive impact on persistent exporters. To identify the effect of exports on plant-level productivity we employ the Levinsohn-Petrin (2003) measure of...

Impacts of the U.S.-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) on U.S. Fruit Exports - the Apple Case

Palavras-chave: Exports; Productivity; Difference-in-differences; Propensity score matching; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q17; F12; Q12; O33.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103632

Fu, Shengfei; Epperson, James E.; Ames, Glenn C.W..

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: CAFTA-DR; Trade liberalization; Tariff elimination; Generalized Method of Moments(GMM); Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F13; F15.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119783

Price Transmission Asymmetries and Nonlinearities in the International Coffee Supply Chain

Lee, Jun; Gomez, Miguel I..

We examine two distinct and important dimensions (e.g. symmetry vs. asymmetry and linearity vs. nonlinearity) of price transmission from international to retail coffee prices in France, Germany and the United States. We show that ignoring these two features of the price transmission process may lead to misleading impact assessments resulting from the elimination of International Coffee Agreement (ICA) in 1990. Our results confirm the presence of threshold effects in both periods (ICA and post ICA) in all three countries. Our estimates show that, in the long-run, the speed of adjustment toward equilibrium becomes faster during the post-ICA period in France and Germany. Our results suggest that, for these two countries, changes in international prices did...

Extending General Equilibrium to the Tariff Line: U.S. Dairy in the DOHA Development Agenda

Palavras-chave: Threshold; Nonlinearity; Asymmetric Price Transmission; Roasted Coffee; Germany; United States; France; Error Correction Model; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; C32; Q17.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104024

Grant, Jason H.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Rutherford, Thomas F..

Market access has been at the core of eight negotiating rounds of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Yet, agricultural trade remains a heavily protected sector, characterized by higher tariffs relative to industrial goods, large tariff dispersions, numerous specific tariffs and systems of tariff-rate-quotas. This has made the analysis of trade liberalization a formidable task among policy analysts. Previous studies of agricultural trade liberalization have used partial or general equilibrium models of trade. However, each of these modeling strategies has their drawbacks. General equilibrium (GE) models have been criticized because they face serious aggregation issues and miss much of the policy detail that occurs at the tariff line. Partial...

Competitive Analysis and Market Power of China’s Soybean Import Market

Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Mixed-complementarity problem; Partial equilibrium; General equilibrium; Doha Development Agenda; WTO; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F01; F17; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25305