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Niche differentiation mechanisms among canopy frugivores and zoochoric trees in the northeastern extreme of the Amazon Acta Amazonica
TODESCHINI,Felipe; TOLEDO,José Julio de; ROSALINO,Luis Miguel; HILÁRIO,Renato Richard.
ABSTRACT Frugivores and zoocoric trees represent an important proportion of tropical rainforest biodiversity. As niche differences favor species coexistence, we aimed to evaluate morphological and temporal niche segregation mechanisms among zoochoric trees and canopy frugivores in a tropical rainforest in the northeastern extreme of the Brazilian Amazon. We tested the effects of fruit morphology, tree size, frugivore body size and time of day on fruit consumption. We recorded the frugivore species that fed on 72 trees (44 species, 22 genera) and whether these frugivores swallowed the seeds. We monitored trees only once from 07:00 to 17:00 h between January and September 2017. We observed fruit consumption in 20 of the 72 trees. Seventy-three frugivore...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amapá National Forest; Frugivory; Phenology; Seed dispersal; Tropical rainforest.
Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672020000300263
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Fruits of the Amazonian Forest. Part II: Sapotaceae Acta Amazonica
Marc G.M,VAN ROOSMALEN; GARCIA,Olímpia Maria da Cruz Gomes.
Descriptions and line drawings of fruits and seeds from 153 woody species of the family Sapotaceae occurring in Amazonia are presented, along with their preferred habitat, distribution, habit and seed dispersal.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Sapotaceae; Fruits; Morphology; Ecology; Seed dispersal.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672000000200187
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Frugivory by birds on Schefflera morototoni (Araliaceae) in a Cerrado-Amazon orest transition area, eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil Acta Amazonica
PURIFICAÇÃO,Keila Nunes; PASCOTTO,Márcia Cristina; MOHR,Adriana; LENZA,Eddie.
Schefflera morototoni fruits are important food source for neotropical frugivorous birds. The objectives of the present study were to record bird species that consumed fruits of S. morototoni in a forest in the transition Cerrado-Amazon Forest, Mato Grosso, Brazil and evaluate the potential of these bird species as seed dispersers of this plant species. During 31 observation hours, from November 1 to 5, 2011, 23 bird species were recorded consuming S. morototoni fruits. Out of these, 20 bird species were considered potential seed dispersers, as they swallow the fruits whole. The species consuming the greatest number of fruits were Aburria cujubi (24% of total consumed fruits), Pteroglossus castanotis (18%), Tangara palmarum (12%), Patagioenas speciosa...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Avifauna; Ecotone; Seed dispersal.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672015000100057
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The reproductive biology of the early-divergent genus Anaxagorea (Annonaceae), and its significance for the evolutionary development of the family Acta Botanica
Gottsberger,Gerhard.
ABSTRACT Data of six studied Neotropical Anaxagorea species are analyzed and discussed with respect to the population structure, flowering phenology, flower morphology, anthesis, scent emission, thermogenesis, floral visitors, breeding system, fruit-set and seed dispersal. The probably reason for the patchy distribution of small populations of Anaxagorea species within lowland tropical forests is given. A novel explanation of the functional significance of ruminate endosperm is presented. Flowering of the species follows either the annual or the continuous flowering pattern. All studied species have diurnal, two-day lasting, protogynous anthesis; several species have thermogenic flowers. Self-compatibility appears to be the prevailing reproductive system...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Anaxagorea; Pollination; Reproductive biology; Radiation and diversification of Annonaceae; Reproductive systems; Ruminate endosperm; Seed dispersal.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062016000200313
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Plant diversity in hedgerows amidst Atlantic Forest fragments Acta Botanica
Oliveira,Carolina C. C.; Pereira,Lya C. S. M.; Lima,André; Shimabukuro,Yosio E.; Torezan,José Marcelo D..
Hedgerows are linear structures found in agricultural landscapes that may facilitate dispersal of plants and animals and also serve as habitat. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among diversity and ecological traits of woody plants, hedgerow characteristics (size, age, and origin), and the structure of the surrounding Atlantic Forest landscape. Field data were collected from 14 hedgerows, and landscape metrics from 1000-m buffers surrounding hedgerows were recorded from a thematic map. In all sampled hedgerows, arboreal species were predominantly zoochoric and early-succession species, and hedgerow width was an important factor explaining the richness and abundance of this group of species. Connection with forest vegetation did not...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Atlantic Forest; Ecological corridors; Forest fragmentation; Hedgerows; Landscape ecology; Rural landscape; Seed dispersal; Woody plants.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062015000200239
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Effects of gut passage on the germination of seeds ingested by didelphid marsupials in a neotropical savanna Acta Botanica
Lessa,Leonardo Guimarães; Geise,Lena; Costa,Fabiane Nepomuceno.
We analyzed the effects that passage through the guts of seven didelphid species had on the seed germination of 10 plant species. This study was conducted in an area of riparian woodland in a cerrado (savanna) reserve in southeastern Brazil. We found seeds of 23 angiosperm species in 427 fecal samples obtained from seven didelphid species. The plant families most often represented by the seeds found in the fecal samples were Melastomataceae (5 species) and Rubiaceae (4 species) . Most gut-passed seeds showed no significant difference in germinability when compared with the hand-extracted seeds. Among the ingested seeds, only those of Clidemia urceolata DC. (Melastomataceae) and Myrcia sp. (Myrtaceae) showed an increase in germinability (final proportion of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Cerrado; Frugivory; Scarification; Seed dispersal; Zoochory.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062013000300009
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Host specificity and experimental assessment of the early establishment of the mistletoe Phoradendron crassifolium (Pohl ex DC.) Eichler (Santalaceae) in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in southeast Brazil Acta Botanica
Messias,Patrícia Aparecida; Vidal Jr.,João de Deus; Koch,Ingrid; Christianini,Alexander V..
Mistletoe establishment relies heavily on a seed reaching a proper host plant. Small frugivorous birds usually disperse large numbers of mistletoe seeds. However, in the field, mistletoes are absent from some potential available hosts. We investigated whether the mistletoe Phoradendron crassifolium has some preferences for specific host trees in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in southeast Brazil. We surveyed 397 tree individuals of 50 species within 25 families. Seven of those species (14%) bore P. crassifolium infections. Although prevalence at the individual level was low (11.6%), there were marked deviations in infection levels among species and families. Most (87%) of the infections (40 of 46) occurred in species belonging to the families Anacardiaceae...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Host compatibility; Prevalence; Seed dispersal; Seed predation.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062014000400012
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What is on the menu for frugivorous birds in the Cerrado? Fruiting phenology and nutritional traits highlight the importance of habitat complementarity Acta Botanica
Maruyama,Pietro Kiyoshi; Melo,Celine; Pascoal,Camila; Vicente,Eduardo; Cardoso,João Custódio Fernandes; Brito,Vinícius Lourenço Garcia; Oliveira,Paulo Eugênio.
ABSTRACT The relationship between plants and frugivorous animals is modulated by morphological and nutritional characteristics of fruits, as well as their seasonal availability across habitats. We evaluated fruiting phenology, fruit morphology and nutritional characteristics of 35 abundant plant species from 15 families associated with frugivorous birds from distinct habitats in the Cerrado (savanna, forest, and palm swamp). For a subset of 16 plant species, we also evaluated the overlap in interactions with frugivorous birds using data from the literature. Open-habitat plants had their fruiting peak during the rainy season, while fruiting of forest species was evenly distributed across the year. Plants of the same family exhibited similar fruit morphology...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Copaifera langsdorffii; Matayba guianensis; Miconia rubiginosa; Neotropical savanna; Ouratea; Rourea induta; Rudgea viburnoides; Seed dispersal; Styrax ferrugineus; Vereda.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062019000300572
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Reproductive phenology, seed removal and early regeneration in relation to distance from parental plants of a native palm in small Atlantic forest fragments Acta Botanica
Mariano,Vanessa; Christianini,Alexander V..
ABSTRACT The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is a global biodiversity hotspot, but most of what remains are small fragments. Small fragments are often harsh environments for forest plant recruitment due to edge effects and the loss of frugivorous animals that provide seed dispersal. We recorded the one-year reproductive phenology of the keystone palm Syagrus romanzoffiana in small (<2.5ha) Atlantic Forest fragments in southeastern Brazil. We tested the Janzen-Connell hypothesis with seed-removal experiments and followed the five-year survival of recruits in relation to the distance from parental plants. Palms produced many fruits throughout the year (mean 2,600/plant). More seedlings were found away from parental plants than near them, thereby supporting the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Brazilian Atlantic Forest; Crop size; Habitat fragmentation; Janzen-Connell hypothesis; Large seeds; Palms; Seed dispersal; Seed predation; Seedling survival; Syagrus romanzoffiana.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062016000200176
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Consumption of Euterpe edulis fruit by wildlife: implications for conservation and management of the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest Anais da ABC (AABC)
SILVA,JULIANO Z. DA; REIS,MAURÍCIO S. DOS.
Abstract: This study aimed to measure the wildlife consumption of Euterpe edulis fruit and use this data to discuss management possibilities. To estimate infructescence fruit volume consumed, collectors were installed in fruit-bearing palms. To characterize consumption from the ground, samples were placed next to fruiting palms. To identify wildlife and their activities, camera traps were installed in infructescences and on the ground. The results suggested that there was a small fruit surplus (1.8 %), and this finding indicated the possibility of a harvest to reduce food for the wildlife. However, recurrent variations in the annual fruit production (21.4 %) were also noted, and suggested that wildlife could tolerate some fruit harvesting. Thus, a harvest...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Natural regeneration; Non-timber forest products; Rain forest; Seed dispersal; Seed predation.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652019000100628
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Dispersion and aggregation patterns of tree species in Araucaria Forest, Southern Brazil Anais da ABC (AABC)
MAÇANEIRO,JOÃO PAULO DE; GASPER,ANDRÉ LUÍS DE; GALVÃO,FRANKLIN; SCHORN,LAURI A..
Abstract Studies about dispersal syndromes and spatial distribution can provide information about species ecology. However, few studies analyze these ecological patterns in different vegetation layers. In this work, we verified the relationship between the dispersion syndromes and the spatial distribution in different layers in Araucaria Forest. We sampled 180 plots with size and inclusion criteria that changed according to the vegetative layer. We sampled 15,545 individuals in 103 tree species. We found significant differences between the number of species in the dispersion syndromes (χ2 = 11.52; P ≤ 0.05) and spatial distribution patterns (χ2 = 10.94; P ≤ 0.05), being zoochoric and tends to clustering the most predominant. We also found a significant...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Araucaria forest; Seed dispersal; Spatial distribution; Layers analysis.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652018000502397
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Extraction of high-quality host DNA from feces and regurgitated seeds: a useful tool for vertebrate ecological studies Biol. Res.
MARRERO,PATRICIA; FREGEL,ROSA; CABRERA,VICENTE M; NOGALES,MANUEL.
DNA extraction methods for genotyping non-invasive samples have led to great advances in molecular research for ecological studies, and have been particularly useful for analyzing threatened species. However, scarce amounts of fragmented DNA and the presence of Taq polymerase inhibitors in non-invasive samples are potential problems for subsequent PCR amplifications. In this study we describe a novel technique for extracting DNA from alimentary tract cells found on external surfaces of feces and regurgitated seeds. The presence of contaminants and inhibitors is minimized and samples are preserved intact for use in other ecological research (e.g. trophic studies). The amplification efficiency and purity of the extracted DNA from feces were significantly...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: DNA extraction; Ecological studies; Guanidine thiocyanate; Non-invasive method; Pigeons; Seed dispersal.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602009000200002
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Diversity of functional traits of fleshy fruits in a species-rich Atlantic rain forest Biota Neotropica
Galetti,Mauro; Pizo,Marco Aurélio; Morellato,Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira.
Production of vertebrate-dispersed fruits is the most common strategy of tropical woody plants to disperse their seeds. Few studies have documented community-wide variation of fruit morphology and chemistry of vertebrate-dispersed fruits in species-rich tropical communities. We examined the functional diversity of fruit morphological and chemical traits of 186 species representing 57 plant families in an undisturbed lowland plant community in the Atlantic rain forest of SE, Brazil. We were particularly interested in associating morphological and chemical fruit traits to their main seed dispersers, either birds, mammals or 'mixed' (i.e. fruits eaten by birds and mammals). The morphological and chemical traits of fruits at the study site generally resemble...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Seed dispersal; Frugivores; Fruit syndromes; Fruit chemical content.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032011000100019
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Potential seed dispersal by Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia, Didelphidae) in highly disturbed environment Biota Neotropica
Cantor,Mauricio; Ferreira,Letícia Andrade; Silva,Wesley Rodrigues; Setz,Eleonore Zulnara Freire.
Urban forests are usually isolated and highly disturbed, however they are important shelters for tolerant animal species. Their food habits expose the different ecological roles these animals perform in the habitat. We analyzed the contribution of Didelphis albiventris Lund (1840), as a seed disperser, to the vegetation renewal of an urban forest fragment, describing its frugivorous diet and testing the viability of ingested seeds. Both male and female of white-eared opossum included a vast variety of items in their diet, mainly invertebrates and fruits. Fruits were consumed during all year round and seasonality was not observed. The majority of consumed fruits was from pioneer plant species, which is common in disturbed areas, in accordance to the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Didelphimorphia; Seed dispersal; Seed germination; Forest restoration; Remnant forest; Didelphis albiventris.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032010000200004
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Seed inflow to a forest patch promoted by understory frugivorous birds Biota Neotropica
Gomes,Verônica Souza da Mota; Tamashiro,Jorge Yoshio; Silva,Wesley Rodrigues.
We studied the contribution of understory frugivorous birds to the seed inflow into a late successional Atlantic forest patch in southeastern Brazil. Five sampling units were established in the study site, each composed of a line of six mist nets and two adjacent plots containing six seed traps. Immigrant seed species were more frequent in seed traps during the rainy season, when fruit production was higher. On the other hand, the frequency of occurrence of immigrant seed species found in fecal samples of the understory frugivores was higher during the dry season. Although understory frugivorous birds were not responsible for the temporal pattern of the seed rain, they can play an important role in bringing edge plant species that will eventually colonize...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Atlantic forest; Frugivory; Immigrant seeds; Seed dispersal.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032011000400010
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The Crab-eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) as a secondary seed disperser of Eugenia umbelliflora (Myrtaceae) in a Restinga forest of southeastern Brazil Biota Neotropica
Cazetta,Eliana; Galetti,Mauro.
The crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) exhibits a very generalist habit and fruits compose a large proportion of its diet. However, few studies evaluated the importance of this animal as seed disperser. In the Restinga forest, in the Atlantic forest of Brazil, C. thous consumes fruits of Eugenia umbelliflora, a Myrtaceae species, which is dispersed chiefly by birds. This study evaluated the effects of gut transit on seed germination, and size selection of E. umbelliflora fruits by the crab-eating fox. We did not find differences on germination rates between seeds dispersed by foxes and control ones, but seeds dispersed by foxes germinated faster, which may be important for plant recruitment. Seeds consumed by C. thous were smaller than those available on...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Atlantic Forest; Carnivores; Frugivory; Fruit choice; Seed dispersal.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032009000200027
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Planting coconuts in Indian villages: ethnoecological aspects and evaluation of a "sustainable development" project Biota Neotropica
Salm,Rodolfo; Feder,Lisa; Jalles-Filho,Euphly; Jardim,Mario Augusto Gonçalves.
Although scientists and policy makers embrace the general concept "sustainable development", there are few who agree on how to carry out sustainable development in specific situations. As such, sustainable development projects among ethnoscientists are widely critiqued as to how well they are inter-culturally formulated. Here we report on a controversial case of planting coconuts in Kayapó Indian villages of southern Pará, Brazil and offer our own self-critique. We began under the premise that reforestation and Kayapó general health/nutrition go hand in hand. Therefore, the flourishing of coconut culture will contribute to forest conservation in the long run, in itself, and simultaneously, maintain good nutrition for the Kayapó people who protect the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Coconuts; Deforestation; Economy; Indians; Palm; Seed dispersal; Tropical Forest.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032010000100014
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Interactions between frugivorous birds and plants in savanna and forest formations of the Cerrado Biota Neotropica
Purificação,Keila Nunes; Pascotto,Márcia Cristina; Pedroni,Fernando; Pereira,Jessiane Mayara Nogueira; Lima,Naftali Alves.
We recorded interactions between frugivorous birds and plants in the Cerrado and we assessed the role and importance of birds as potential seed dispersers. We analyzed the distribution of recorded feeding events, bird-plant interactions, and bird species composition between savanna and forest formations and between the dry and rainy seasons. Samplings were carried out from August 2009 to October 2010 and from November 2011 to August 2012 by means of line transects and focal observations. We recorded 348 feeding events and 187 interactions involving 44 plant species and 60 bird species. Most of the feeding events were observed in the forests and during the dry season (χ2 = 39.529; gl = 1; p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found in the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Mutualistic interactions; Neotropical savanna; Seasonality; Seed dispersal.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032014000400105
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Bird frugivory and seed germination of Myrsine umbellata and Myrsine lancifolia (Myrsinaceae) seeds in a cerrado fragment in southeastern Brazil Biota Neotropica
Guerta,Rafael Soave; Lucon,Lucas Gustavo; Motta-Junior,José Carlos; Vasconcellos,Luís Augusto da Silva; Figueiredo,Rodolfo Antônio de.
Birds are known to be important dispersers of plants, since the passage of seeds through the digestive tract often has a positive influence on germination percentage and speed. In this study, proportions of germination in different substrates were compared between Myrsine (Myrsinaceae) seeds collected manually and those ingested by birds. The guilds of birds that fed on M. umbellata and M. lancifolia were identified and comprise 24 and 12 species, respectively. A higher germination proportion was found among seeds defecated by birds and sowed in the study area. The study also found differences between the guilds of frugivores in both synchronopatric species. Therefore, we suggest that M. umbellata and M. lancifolia are important food sources by birds that...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Zoochory; Seed dispersal; Myrsine; Frugivorous birds; Cerrado.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032011000400005
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Potential seed dispersers: a new facet of the ecological role of Boa constrictor constrictor Linnaeus 1758 Biota Neotropica
Cabral,Sofia de O.; Freitas,Itainara da S.; Morlanes,Viviane; Katzenberger,Marco; Calabuig,Cecilia.
Abstract: The boa (Boa constrictor) is considered a top predator and its diet includes a wide variety of birds, mammals, and other reptiles, all related directly to their availability in the environment inhabited by the snake. Seven boas were found roadkilled on highways adjacent to conservation units in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte state, in northeastern Brazil. Their digestive tract was analyzed to identify food items and classify them according to their orientation in the tract. Among the food items found, the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) and the black-and-white tegu (Salvator merianae) were ingested head-first, while teeth of a punaré (Thrichomys laurentius) and a Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii) and hairs of an...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Caatinga; Feeding behavior; Snake; Seed dispersal; Zoochory.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032019000400203
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