SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Xiong, Bo; Beghin, John C..

Domestic technical measures such as SPS and TBTs can enhance import demand via information disclosure and quality improvement, or hamper foreign export supply via imposing sizeable compliance costs, or both. The traditional gravity equation model estimates the net effect of these measures on international trade with a loss of useful inference on separate effects. We stipulate a generalized gravity equation model to disentangle the two effects. We apply the augmented approach to agricultural trade among OECD countries in 2004. We find that technical measures in agriculture often jointly enhance import demand and hinder export supply with the net effect of promoting the propensity to trade. Further disaggregated data analysis reveals heterogeneity across...

Multilateral Trade and Agricultural Policy Reforms in Sugar Markets (Revised)

Palavras-chave: Sanitary and phytosanitary; SPS; Technical measures; NTM; TBT; Standards; Gravity equation; Protectionism; OECD; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116898

Elobeid, Amani E.; Beghin, John C..

We analyze the impact of trade liberalization, removal of production subsidies, and elimination of consumption distortions in world sugar markets using a partial-equilibrium international sugar model calibrated on 2002 market data and current policies. The removal of trade distortions alone induces a 27% price increase while the removal of all trade and production distortions induces a 48% increase by 2011/12 relative to the baseline. Aggregate trade expands moderately, but location of production and trade patterns change substantially. Protectionist OECD countries (the EU, Japan, the US) experience an import expansion or export reduction and significant contraction in production in unfettered markets. Competitive producers in both OECD countries...

Decoupled farm payments and the Role of Base Updating under uncertainty

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Doha; Domestic subsidies; Sugar; Trade liberalization; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18604

Bhaskar, Arathi; Beghin, John C..

In the context of the U.S farm policy, this paper analyzes the effect that expectations about base updating in future policies have on a farmer’s acreage decision in the presence of price, yield and policy uncertainty. We consider a risk neutral farmer producing a single crop whose income consists of market revenue and government payments. We consider two policy regimes. Decisions made in the current policy regime are linked to government payments in the future policy regime through the possibility of a base update in the future regime. There is policy uncertainty about the possibility of a base update being allowed in the future. We combine stochastic dynamic programming with present value calculations to link current acreage decisions to future program...

Land Allocation Effects of the Global Ethanol Surge: Predictions from the International FAPRI Model

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6339

Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Beghin, John C.; Dong, Fengxia; Elobeid, Amani E.; Tokgoz, Simla; Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward).

We quantify the emergence of biofuel markets and its impact on U.S. and world agriculture for the coming decade using the multi-market multi-commodity international FAPRI model. The model incorporates the tradeoffs between biofuel, feed, and food production and consumption and international feedback effects of the emergence through world commodity prices and trade. We examine land allocation by type of crop, and pasture use for countries growing feedstock for ethanol (corn, sorghum, wheat, sugarcane, and other grains) and major crops competing with feedstock for land resources such as oilseeds. We shock the model with exogenous changes in ethanol demand, first in the United States, then in Brazil, China, EU, and India, and compute shock multipliers for...

ARE ECO-LABELS VALUABLE? EVIDENCE FROM THE APPAREL INDUSTRY

Palavras-chave: Acreage; Area; Biofuel; Corn; Crops; Ethanol; FAPRI model; Feedstock; Land; Sugar; Sugarcane; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q17; Q15.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6183

Nimon, R. Wesley; Beghin, John C..

Using U.S. apparel catalogue data, we estimate hedonic price functions to identify market valuation of environmental attributes of apparel goods. We identify a significant and robust premium for the organic fibers embodied in the apparel goods. We find an additional organic premium for baby items. However, we do not find evidence of a premium for environment-friendly dyes. We further investigate the pricing behavior of apparel suppliers for potential departure from competitive pricing of this environmental attribute and find no evidence different premium across firms, suggesting price-taking behavior in the environmental attribute space.

THE CALIBRATION OF INCOMPLETE DEMAND SYSTEMS IN QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

Palavras-chave: Eco-labels; Organic-cotton apparel; Natural dye; Hedonic price; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; L81; L67.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21016

Beghin, John C.; Bureau, Jean-Christophe; Drogue, Sophie.

We introduce an easily implemented and flexible calibration technique for partial demand systems, combining recent developments in incomplete demand systems and a set of restrictions conditioned on the available elasticity estimates. The technique accommodates various degrees of knowledge on cross-price elasticities, satisfies curvature restrictions, and allows the recovery of an exact welfare measure for policy analysis. The technique is illustrated with a partial demand system for food consumption in Korea for different states of knowledge on cross-price effects. The consumer welfare impact of food and agricultural trade liberalization is measured.

FAPRI 2007 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook

Palavras-chave: Calibration; Exact welfare measure; Incomplete demand systems; Policy analysis; Demand and Price Analysis.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18462

Beghin, John C.; Dong, Fengxia; Elobeid, Amani E.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Fuller, Frank H.; Hart, Chad E.; Kovarik, Karen; Tokgoz, Simla; Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward); Wailes, Eric J.; Chavez, Eddie C.; Womack, Abner W.; Meyers, William H.; Binfield, Julian C.R.; Brown, D. Scott; Kruse, John R.; Madison, Daniel; Meyer, Seth D.; Westhoff, Patrick C.; Wilcox, Lori.

The FAPRI 2007 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook presents projections of world agricultural production, consumption, and trade under average weather patterns, existing farm policy, and policy commitments under current trade agreements and custom unions. The outlook uses a macroeconomic forecast developed by Global Insight.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7296

Are Standards Always Protectionist?

Marette, Stephan; Beghin, John C..

We analyze the effects of a domestic standard that reduces an externality associated with the consumption of the good targeted by the standard, using a model in which foreign and domestic producers compete in the domestic good market. Producers can reduce expected damage associated with the externality by incurring a cost that varies by source of origin. Despite potential protectionism, the standard is useful in correcting the consumption externality in the domestic country. Protectionism occurs when the welfare-maximizing domestic standard is higher than the international standard maximizing welfare inclusive of foreign profits. The standard is actually anti-protectionist when foreign producers are much more efficient at addressing the externality than...

FAPRI 2006 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook

Palavras-chave: Externality; Nontariff barriers; Protectionism; Safety; Standard; Tariff equivalent; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10007

Taxing Sweets: Sweetener Input Tax or Final Consumption Tax?

The FAPRI 2006 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook presents projections of world agricultural production, consumption, and trade under average weather patterns, existing farm policy, and policy commitments under current trade agreements and custom unions. Despite continued high energy prices, world economic growth is expected to remain strong in the coming decade, above 3% per annum. Other major drivers of the 2006 baseline include new bio-energy policies in several large countries, EU sugar policy reform, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) shocks in livestock and poultry markets, and movements in the exchange rate.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7319

Miao, Zhen; Beghin, John C.; Jensen, Helen H..

In order to reduce obesity and associated costs, policymakers are considering various policies, including taxes, to change consumers’ high-calorie consumption habits. We investigate two sweet tax policies aimed at reducing added sweetener consumption. Both a consumption tax on sweet goods and a sweetener input tax can reach the same policy target of reducing added sweetener consumption. Both tax instruments are regressive but the associated surplus losses are limited. The tax on sweetener inputs targets sweeteners directly and causes about five times less surplus loss than the final consumption tax. Previous analyzes have overlooked this important point.

How to Promote Quality Perception in Wine Markets: Brand Advertising or Geographical Indication?

Palavras-chave: Consumption tax; Sugar; Added sweeteners; Demand; Health policy; Soda tax; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61511

Yue, Chengyan; Marette, Stephan; Beghin, John C..

In the context of the wine industry, we investigate producers' choice between geographical indications and brand advertising to convey information to consumers. Producers also decide whether or not to select an effort level for improving the quality of their products. We show that if this effort level is selected, a producer will prefer to rely on brand advertising for promoting its products and setting up its own reputation. Despite allowing the cost of promotion to be shared, a geographical indication does not sufficiently reward the effort to improve quality. Finally, the selection of both instruments by producers is examined.

Eco-Labels and International Trade in Textiles

Palavras-chave: Brand advertising; Effort; Geographical indication; GI; Quality; Wine; Marketing.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18608

Nimon, R. Wesley; Beghin, John C..

This paper provides a formal analysis of the welfare and trade implications of eco-labeling schemes. A simple model of vertical (quality) differentiation captures major stylized features of the textiles market in which trading takes place between an industrialized North (domestic) and a developing South (foreign). The paper investigates several labeling scenarios (labeling by North, labeling by both North and South, and harmonization). A labeling scheme in the North without the South's participation is detrimental to both the North's and the South's producers of conventional textiles. In aggregate, the North's textiles industry benefits from the introduction of the label. If the South creates its own label, it regains market share in aggregate, but at the...

THE DOHA ROUND OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: APPRAISING FURTHER LIBERALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS

Palavras-chave: Eco-labels; Textiles markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18492

Beghin, John C.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F..

Using the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) modeling system, we investigate the multilateral removal of border taxes and farm programs and their distortion of world agricultural markets. We find that agricultural and trade distortions have significant terms-of-trade effects. Terms-of-trade effects caused by trade barriers are much larger than those caused by domestic farm programs. World trade is also significantly impacted. Trade expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable oils. Net agricultural and food exporters, such as Brazil, Australia, and Argentina, emerge with expanded exports, whereas net importing countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by higher world...

How Coupled Are Decoupled Farm Payments? A Review of the Evidence

Palavras-chave: Doha Round; Domestic farm program; Liberalization; Partial equilibrium; Trade distortion; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18611

Bhaskar, Arathi; Beghin, John C..

This survey paper explores the literature on decoupling of farm programs that has emerged in the last 10 years. The paper identifies and assesses the various channels of potential coupling of decoupled farm payments and provides a taxonomy of coupling mechanisms found in theoretical and empirical papers. Coupling of decoupled payments is pervasive but effects when measurable are small, with the exception of the impact on land values. The paper points to unresolved issues on potential coupling mechanisms for further research.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Decoupled; Decoupling; Farm payment programs; Program subsidies; Support; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50077

GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL LIBERALIZATION: AN IN-DEPTH ASSESSMENT OF WHAT IS AT STAKE

van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique; Beghin, John C..

We use the global Linkage model to assess the impact of trade and support policies in agriculture on income, trade, and output patterns. We provide order-of-magnitude estimates of the impacts of policy changes rather than point estimates. Two sets of simulations are used to identify key drivers in the results. One set decomposes the aggregate results by looking at the impacts of partial reforms, regionally and across instruments, to identify the relative contribution to global gains of reforms in industrialized and developing countries and of border protection versus domestic support. The second set responds to critics of trade reform (inflated gains for developing countries, no transition costs for industrial country farmers, uncertain supply response in...

Aflatoxin Redux: Does European Aflatoxin Regulation Hurt Groundnut Exporters from Africa?

Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade liberalization; Developing countries; Doha Round; Farm policy; WTO; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18343

Xiong, Bo; Beghin, John C..

Replaced with revised version of paper 07/02/10.

Long-Term and Global Tradeoffs between Bio-Energy, Feed, and Food

Palavras-chave: Food safety; Standards; Aflatoxin; Maximum Residues Limit; Groundnut; Gravity equation; Africa; Market access; EU; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F13.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61314

Tokgoz, Simla; Elobeid, Amani E.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Hayes, Dermot J.; Babcock, Bruce A.; Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward); Dong, Fengxia; Hart, Chad E.; Beghin, John C..

Projections of U.S. ethanol production and its impacts on planted acreage, crop prices, livestock production and prices, trade, and retail food costs are presented under the assumption that current tax credits and trade policies are maintained. The projections were made using a multi-product, multi-country deterministic partial equilibrium model. The impacts of higher oil prices, a drought combined with an ethanol mandate, and removal of land from the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) relative to baseline projections are also presented. The results indicate that expanded U.S. ethanol production will cause long-run crop prices to increase. In response to higher feed costs, livestock farmgate prices will increase enough to cover the feed cost increases....

How Coupled are Decoupled Farm Payments? A Review of Coupling Mechanisms and the Evidence

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Corn acreage; Crop prices; Ethanol production; Food prices; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9811

Bhaskar, Arathi; Beghin, John C..

This survey paper explores the literature on decoupling of farm programs that has emerged in the last 10 years. The paper identifies and assesses the various channels of potential coupling of decoupled farm payments and provides taxonomy of coupling mechanisms found in theoretical and empirical papers. Coupling of decoupled payments is pervasive but effects when measurable are small, with the exception of the impact on land values. The paper points to unresolved issues on potential coupling mechanisms for further research.

Tariff Equivalent of Technical Barriers to Trade with Imperfect Substitution and Trade Costs

Palavras-chave: Decoupling; Decoupled payments; Farm policy; Agricultural trade policy; Coupling; Direct payments; CCP; PFC; SFP; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7347

Yue, Chengyan; Beghin, John C.; Jensen, Helen H..

The price-wedge method yields a tariff-equivalent estimate of technical barriers to trade (TBT). An extension of this method accounts for imperfect substitution between domestic and imported goods and incorporates recent findings on trade costs. We explore the sensitivity of this revamped tariff equivalent estimate to its determinants (substitution elasticity, preference for home good, trade cost, and to the reference data chosen). We use the approach to investigate the ongoing U.S.-Japan apple trade dispute and find that removing the Japanese TBT would yield limited export gains to the United States. We then draw policy implications of our findings.