SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Bandara, Ranjith; Tisdell, Clement A..

Reports results from a contingent valuation survey of willingness to pay for the conservation of the Asian elephant of a sample of urban residents living in three selected housing schemes in Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka. Face–to–face surveys were conducted using an interview schedule. A non-linear logit regression model is used to analyse the respondents’ responses for the payment principle questions and to identify the factors that influence their responses. We investigate whether urban residents’ willingness to pay for the conservation of elephants is sufficient to compensate farmers for the damage caused by elephants. We find that the beneficiaries (the urban residents) could compensate losers (the farmers in the areas affected by human–elephant...

Aquaculture Economics and Marketing: An Overview

Palavras-chave: Asian elephant; Elephas maximus; Elephant conservation; Willingness to pay; Contingent valuation; Sri Lanka.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48968

Globalisation, Development and Poverty in the Pacific Islands: The Situation of the Least Developed Pacific Island Nations

Palavras-chave: Aquaculture economics; Marketing; Marketing.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48733

Under pressure from external forces, involvement of Pacific Island nations in processes of globalisation and associated structural adjustment policies is being accelerated. Conditional aid and financial assistance from Bretton Woods' institutions and their 'relatives' such as the Asian Development Bank, as well as advice from donor countries, have played a significant role in these processes. these processes combined with reduced foreign aid and internal socioeconomic dynamics have resulted in major social conflicts and tensions in the Pacific Islands. Poverty in some Pacific Island nations, such as in the Solomon Islands, is already more serious than in Asia, including Bangladesh, and the situation is deteriorating with proportionall school enrolments...

Globalisation, Institutions and Empowerment of Women in Africa: Kenya's Experience

Palavras-chave: Pacific Island nations; Globalisation; Human Poverty Index (HPI); Human Development Index (HDI); Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100208

Kiriti, Tabitha; Tisdell, Clement A.; Roy, Kartik C..

In male dominated societies like Kenya, men's superior status leading to power over women and control of valued resources, is supported by laws and policies that spell out and legitimise men's privileged and dominant status and is justified by religious, traditional, moral, and/or pseudo-scientific ideologies and beliefs. Such mechanisms and beliefs help to perpetuate gender inequality even in the face of structural changes that ought to diminish, if not completely undermine the strength of its operation. Institutionalised gender inequality limits women's participation in institutions and this reinforces their lack of empowerment. Women are unable to take advantage of the opening up of new markets and competition because they lack property rights;...

Technology Transfer from Publicly Funded Research for Improved Water Management: Analysis and Australian Examples

Palavras-chave: Gender inequality; Kenya; Empowerment of women; Globalisation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100209

Considerable public funding is provided for research and development intended to improve the management and use of shared natural resources, such as water. In Australia the Land and Water Research and Development Corporation (LWRRDC) and Environment Australia are significant providers of such funds. These providers tend to judge the value of R & D projects supported by them on the basis of whether or not significant technology transfer and adoption takes place. Researchers involved in these projects and expected to be the prime movers of such transfer. However, it seems that research funders have been guided by over simplified models of processes of technology transfer and by false analogies with the transfer of industrial technology. There has...

Agricultural Development in Traditional Asian Economies: Observations Prompted by a Livestock Study in Vietnam

Palavras-chave: Land and Water Research and Development Corporation (LWRRDC); Water management; Technology transfer.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47993

China began its economic reforms in 1979 and Vietnam followed in 1986. Since then both countries have experienced rapid economic growth, falling poverty rates and significant rises in per capita income. At the same time, substantial restructuring of their economies has occurred, a feature of which has been a decline in the relative contribution of agriculture to total employment and output. These changes are outlined. Significant changes have also occurred in the agricultural sectors of China and Vietnam and these are reviewed. In both countries, the livestock sector has grown in relative importance. Households are the main contributors to agricultural production but their individual holdings of land are small and households keeping livestock mostly only...

Economic and Business Relations Between Australia and China: An Overview and an Assessment

Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Asia; China; Economic transition; Farm employment; Land reforms; Land rights; Livestock; Non-farm employment; Structural change; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Q10; Q15; Q18; O2.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90629

This article highlights trends in the comparative value of Australia’s merchandise trade with China and considers the relative importance of Australia for China’s international merchandise trade and vice versa. The composition of the merchandise trade between Australia and China is also examined. Trade in services between Australia and China is of increasing importance and its composition and balance is discussed. As a result of global economic reforms, international mobility of capital has increased. China has become the world’s major destination for foreign direct investment (FDI) and is now itself an important source of FDI. However, Australia is not a major investor in China nor a major outlet for China’s FDI. Reasons for this, and for the other...

Rural Poverty and China's Entry to WTO: Present Knowledge, Unresolved Issues and China's Policy Options

Palavras-chave: Australia's trade with China; FDI; Australia; China; Australia-China Free Trade Agreement; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90543

Begins by considering trends in the incidence of rural poverty in China, comparing China and India. Although the incidence of rural poverty in China declined generally, such poverty is still a matter for concern, especially now that China has joined the WTO. There is concern about the possible impact of China’s WTO entry on its rural poverty and its ability to adopt policies to address it. Recent international studies of such poverty in China by bodies such as the World Bank, OECD, ADB and IFPRI are outlined and reviewed critically with these economic issues in mind. The most recent study by Anderson and others suggests that China’s agriculture will be forced to undertake more structural adjustment than forecast in earlier studies. The Chinese policies to...

Knowledge of Birds and Willingness to Pay for their Conservation: An Australian Case Study

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; China; Economic; Reform; Rural poverty; WTO; Agricultural Finance; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105582

Wilson, Clevo; Tisdell, Clement A..

This case study concentrates on the extent of knowledge of members of the Australian public of Australia’s tropical bird species and their willingness to pay for their conservation. In order to place this issue in context, it first provides background information on the status of Australian bird species, focusing attention on species that occur in tropical Australia. Then, using survey results, this study considers the hypothesis that the public’s relative support for the conservation of different bird species depends on its comparative knowledge of their existence and status. Based on experimental results from a sample of residents of Brisbane, Queensland (Australia), it is found that their knowledge of bird species that occur exclusively in the...

Economic Change and Environmental Issues: Policy Reforms and Concerns in Australian Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Conservation; Australian birds; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48977

Since the closing years of the 1980s, Australia has adopted structural adjustment policies designed to foster economic liberalism based on the market system. Today, there is little economic protection for Australian agriculture and Australia is a persistent advocate of free international agricultural trade. The natural Australian environment is not very favourable for agriculture because of low and erratic levels of rainfall and poor soils. Scarcity of water in Australia is growing and its use has become a major natural resource issue. Water availability and use of water by Australian agriculture is discussed, its environmental impacts are considered and the scope for using market systems to allocate water effectively are discussed. Other...

Effects of Markets on Poverty and Economic Inequality: Evolutionary and Ethical Perspectives

Palavras-chave: Water use; Agriculture; Australia; Gmos; Landcare Australia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55098

Sen's Theory of Entitlement and the Deprivation of Females: An Assessment with Indian Illustrations

Taking into account Kuznet’s hypothesis, considers the general relationship between the evolution and extension of market systems and the incidence of poverty and economic inequality. It suggests that a re-evaluation of the Kuznet’s curve is needed because income inequality has been rising in many countries, with growing economic liberalisation, expansion of globalisation and greater reliance on markets. Nevertheless, societies that experience a rapid transition from traditional, centrally controlled, or social welfare economic systems to market-based ones often experience a substantial rise in their incidence of poverty and income inequality, at least initially. Some of the reasons for this and the processes mentioned are outlined. The recent upward...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Kuznet's curve; Economic inequality; Poverty; Economic growth; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123543

Tisdell, Clement A.; Roy, Kartik C.; Ghose, Ananda.

Economic Reform and Openness in China: China's Development Policies in the Last 30 Years

Palavras-chave: Amartya Sen; Economic deprivation; Female; Poverty; Economic status of women; Tribal Santals; India.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91375

This article adopts the point of view that China’s development policies can only be appreciated if they are considered by applying perspectives from institutional economics. This requires attention to be given to the historical, political and cultural context in which its economic development has occurred. Therefore, this article gives attention to the political events leading up to China’s decision in 1978 to begin its economic reforms and the way in which Deng Xiaoping crafted its new development path. It also discusses the subsequent extension of Deng’s development policies by more recent leaders of the Chinese Communist Party. Indicators of China’s economic progress (including its increasing economic openness) since 1978 are given, and its emerging...

Poverty, Political Failure and the Use of Open Access Resources in Developing Countries

Palavras-chave: China; Developmental states; Economic development; Economic reforms; Institutional economics; Market socialism; International Development; Political Economy; P00; P20; P26; P27; P30; O10; O20..

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90624

This paper begins by distinguishing open-access resources from common-property resources, the use of which is subject to communal rules. In practice, it is suggested that these cases are the outcomes of a spectrum of property rights. The standard economic theory of the use of open-access resources as developed by Western economists is outlined and ways in which it has limited applicability to developing countries are suggested. This theory does not, for example, consider the possibility that incomes in open-access situations may fall to subsistence levels, as appears to be common in developing countries. A model is presented in which the long-run equilibrium involves a subsistence level of income which may be at or near a poverty level. This seems...

A REJOINDER ON THE PROMOTION OF WOOL-BLENDS

Palavras-chave: Poverty; Common-property resources; Open-access resources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55094

Commercialisation of Agriculture in Kenya: Case Study of Urban Bias on Food Availability in Farm Households

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Marketing.

Ano: 1977

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9115

Kiriti, Tabitha; Tisdell, Clement A..

This study investigates the effect of cash cropping on food availability and examines the determinants of the proportion of income allocated for food expenditures in the Nyeri district in Kenya. Using a Tobit model, the results suggest that in general food expenditure allocations suffer due to cash cropping in Kenya as the lump-sum income flows from this may be used for purchases other than food. Food expenditure also suffers when remittances are irregular. On the other hand, earnings from outside employment for married women living with husbands are positively associated with food expenditure allocations. Amounts of non-cash food output as well as ownership of livestock are negatively associated with food expenditure allocations. These findings indicate...

Economic Incentives to Conserve Wildlife on Private lands: Analysis and Policy

Palavras-chave: Commercialisation; Non-food cash crops; Food cash crops; Food availability; And non-cash food crops.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102262

Some believe that provision of private property rights in wildlife on private land can provide a powerful economic incentive for nature conservation because it enables property owners to market such wildlife or its attributes. If such marketing is profitable, private landholders will conserve the wildlife concerned and its required habitat. But land is not always most profitably used for exploitation of wildlife, and many economic values of wildlife (such as non-use economic values) cannot be marketed. The mobility of some wildlife (their fugitive nature) adds to the limitations of the private property approach. While some species may be conserved by this approach, it is suboptimal as a single policy approach to nature conservation. Nevertheless, it...

Global Property Rights in Genetic Resources: Do They Involve Sound Economics? Will they Conserve Nature and Biodiversity?

Palavras-chave: Private property rights; Wildlife conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48973

In recent years, growing economic globalisation has been accompanied by rising social support for market systems as a means of managing resource-use. In turn, the free market movement considers definite and secure property rights (especially private rights and, sometimes, communal rights) in resources to be the necessary basis for a desirable market system. Global policies for managing the Earth’s genetic resources have been influenced by this approach. As outlined in this article, there has been a global expansion of property rights in genetic resources, and further extensions have been advocated. In order to assess the possible social benefits and costs of granting property rights in genetic resources, these are classified. This classification is shown...

Notes on Market Failure and the Paretian (Kaldor-Hicks) Relevance and Irrelevance of Unfavourable Externalities

Palavras-chave: Genetic resources; Property rights; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55109

The following are notes that have been distributed by me over the last few years to students in Environmental Economics at The University of Queensland. They give particular attention to whether externalities are Pareto or Kaldor-Hicks relevant from a policy point of view. Externalities are Kaldor-Hicks or Pareto irrelevant if no change is possible for which gainers could compensate losers. Both absolute and marginal externalities may be Kaldor-Hicks relevant. Infra-marginal negative externalities are often, but not always, Kaldor-Hicks irrelevant. There are at least two cases where such externalities can be relevant. First, the absolute impact of the negative externality may be so great that the source of the externality should be eliminated....

Business Partnerships in a Globalising World: Economic Considerations

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics; Pareto; Kaldor-Hicks; Externalities.; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48970

Begins by considering how neoclassical and mainstream economists have modelled the business firm and outlines briefly the evolution of economic thought and that of managerial science about institutional structures involving firms, hierarchies, markets and interfirm cooperation. Subsequently, taking into account this thought, it considers whether growing economic globalisation is likely to result in more frequent business cooperation between firms, what types of alliances may be favoured, and why. Both factors favouring increased business cooperation as globalisation proceeds, as well as those that may retard it, are discussed.