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| Registros recuperados: 2.004 | |
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| Lienert, Juri; University of Basel, Department of Social Sciences, Sustainability Research Group; juri.lienert@gmail.com; Burger, Paul; University of Basel, Department of Social Sciences, Sustainability Research Group; paul.burger@unibas.ch. |
| Especially poor people in developing countries depend on biological resources to manage their livelihoods and to generate income. Because these resources are usually public goods, their use is often subjected to what is known as the tragedy of the commons, potentially leading to resource depletion, environmental degradation, and loss of biodiversity, which consequently undermines the availability and capacity of resources to contribute to residents’ well-being in the long run. We suggest addressing this typical sustainability issue from a new angle. Against the backdrop of identifiable shortcomings within two popular analytic approaches, the capability approach (CA) and the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA), we argue for an improved... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis |
Palavras-chave: Capability approach; Sustainability analysis; Sustainable livelihood approach; Use of biological resources; Valuation; Well-being. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); b.campbell@cgiar.org; Sayer, Jeffrey A; WWF (World Wildlife Fund); jsayer@wwfint.org; Frost, Peter; Institute of Environmental Studies; pfrost@compcentre.uz.ac.zw; Vermeulen, Sonja; International Institute for Environment and Development; sonja.vermeulen@iied.org; Cunningham, Tony; World Wildlife Fund/UNESCO/Kew People and Plants Initiative; peopleplants@bigpond.com; Prabhu, Ravi; CIFOR Regional Office; r.prabhu@cgiar.org. |
| Assessing the performance of management is central to natural resource management, in terms of improving the efficiency of interventions in an adaptive-learning cycle. This is not simple, given that such systems generally have multiple scales of interaction and response; high frequency of nonlinearity, uncertainty, and time lags; multiple stakeholders with contrasting objectives; and a high degree of context specificity. The importance of bounding the problem and preparing a conceptual model of the system is highlighted. We suggest that the capital assets approach to livelihoods may be an appropriate organizing principle for the selection of indicators of system performance. In this approach, five capital assets are recognized: physical, financial, social,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Capital assets; Conceptual models; Decision support; Livelihoods; Modeling; Multivariate statistics; Natural resource systems; Performance; Zimbabwe. |
| Ano: 2001 |
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| Matin, Nilufar; Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York; neela.matin@york.ac.uk; Taylor, Richard; Stockholm Environment Institute, Oxford Centre; richard.taylor@sei-international.org. |
| Resilience has been studied in a number of disciplines, predominantly in psychosocial and ecological sciences. Although there are striking similarities in their approaches, the psychosocial tradition has centered on the family and its immediate surroundings, whereas the social-ecological approach has focused on macrosystems that stop at the family level. Recently, the need for bridging these gaps has been echoed by researchers from both these traditions, particularly for promoting resilience of individuals and their wider environment in the context of natural disasters and climate change. However, a new synthesis of social-ecological and behavioral theories integrating multiple dynamic systems that interact across levels is strikingly rare. We addressed... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Human resilience; Narrative inquiry; Psychosocial; Sense of coherence; Social-ecological. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Huntington, Henry P; Huntington Consulting; hph@alaska.net; Trainor, Sarah F; University of Alaska Fairbanks; fnsft@uaf.edu; Natcher, David C; Department of Anthropology, Memorial University of Newfoundland; dnatcher@mun.ca; Huntington, Orville H; Alaska Native Science Commission; o.huntington@att.net; DeWilde, La'ona; Yukon River Intertribal Watershed Council;; Chapin III, F. Stuart; University of Alaska Fairbanks; terry.chapin@uaf.edu. |
| Community workshops are widely used tools for collaborative research on social-ecological resilience in indigenous communities. Although results have been reported in many publications, few have reflected explicitly on the workshop itself, and specifically on understanding what is said during a workshop. Drawing on experience from workshops held in Huslia, Alaska in 2004 on wildfire and climate change, we discuss the importance of considering cultural, political, and epistemological context when analyzing statements made by indigenous people in community workshops. We provide examples of statements whose meaning and intent were, and may remain, unclear, with descriptions of our attempts to understand what was being said by placing the statements in a... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Alaska; Cross-cultural communication; Indigenous knowledge; Wildfire; Workshops.. |
| Ano: 2006 |
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| Scheiner, Samuel M; National Science Foundation; sscheine@nsf.gov; Levassor, Catherine; ;. |
| We examined patterns of commonness and rarity among plant species in montane wet grasslands of Iberia. This examination is set within two contexts. First, we expanded on an earlier scheme for classifying species as common or rare by adding a fourth criterion, the ability of that species to occupy a larger or smaller fraction of its potential suitable habitats, i.e., habitat occupancy. Second, we explicated two theories, the superior organism theory and the generalist/specialist trade-off theory. The data consisted of 232 species distributed among 92 plots. The species were measured for mean local abundance, size of environmental volume occupied, percentage of volume occupied, range within Iberia, and range in Europe and the Mediterranean basin. In general,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Commonness; Endangered species; Generalist/specialist trade-off; Geographic range; Habitat occupancy; Habitat specificity; Iberia; Local abundance; Montane grasslands; Rarity; Superior organism theory.. |
| Ano: 1999 |
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| Lacroix, Karine; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; lacroixk@uvic.ca; Richards, Garrett; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria; gwr@uvic.ca. |
| Climate change is putting infrastructure, food supply, water resources, ecosystems, and human health at risk. These risks will be exacerbated depending on the degree of additional greenhouse gas emissions. Urgent action is needed to limit the severity of impacts associated with further warming. British Columbia (BC) has taken action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from carbon-based fuels by introducing a carbon tax in 2008. As an innovative approach to climate change mitigation, especially in North America, studies evaluating its effectiveness are valuable. We assessed the long-term viability potential of the BC carbon tax using common pool resource design principles, a novel application of the design principles to environmental policy. We found that... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: British Columbia carbon tax; Common-pool resource; Elinor Ostrom design principles; Policy analysis. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| The aim of this work is to assess the flexibility of production allowed by extensive production conditions faced with variations in the environment, i.e., market variations and climatic fluctuations, of Limousin beef systems. The study used a case-based methodology in which seven beef farms with less than 1 LU/ha were chosen. Data collection was based on three interviews using a semistructured questionnaire and on the analysis of productive and economic results over a 15-year period (1991-2005). The main evolution of these farms is related to a rise in work productivity associated with an increase in herd size. Herd increase was made possible by enlarging the area, the margin of intensification being limited in these regions. To take advantage of the... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Extensive farming system; Livestock production system; Mix flexibility; Process flexibility. |
| Ano: 2011 |
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| Bell, Andrew Reid; New York University, Department of Environmental Studies; andrew.reid.bell@nyu.edu; Shah, M. Azeem A.; International Water Management Institute; a.shah@cgiar.org; Anwar, Arif; International Water Management Institute; a.anwar@cgiar.org; Ringler, Claudia; International Food Policy Research Institute; c.ringler@cgiar.org. |
| The Indus Basin Irrigation System suffers significant inequity in access to surface water across its millions of users. Information, i.e., monitoring and reporting of water availability, may be of value in improving conditions across the basin, and we investigated this via an experimental game of water distribution in Punjab, Pakistan. We found evidence that flow information allowed players to take more effective action to target overuse, and that overall activities that might bring social disapproval were reduced with information. However, we did not find any overall improvement in equity across the system, suggesting that information on its own might not be sufficient to lead to better water distribution among irrigators. |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Framed field experiment; Irrigation; Pakistan. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Clements, Hayley S; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, South Africa; clementshayley@gmail.com; Cumming, Graeme S; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, South Africa; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Australia; gscumming@gmail.com; Kerley, Graham I. H.; Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa; graham.kerley@nmmu.ac.za. |
| The proliferation of private land conservation areas (PLCAs) is placing increasing pressure on conservation authorities to effectively regulate their ecological management. Many PLCAs depend on tourism for income, and charismatic large mammal species are considered important for attracting international visitors. Broad-scale socioeconomic factors therefore have the potential to drive fine-scale ecological management, creating a systemic scale mismatch that can reduce long-term sustainability in cases where economic and conservation objectives are not perfectly aligned. We assessed the socioeconomic drivers and outcomes of large predator management on 71 PLCAs in South Africa. Owners of PLCAs that are stocking free-roaming large predators identified revenue... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus; Cross-scale interaction; Ecotourism; Financial objectives; Lion Panthera leo; Minimum area requirements; Predator management; Social-ecological. |
| Ano: 2016 |
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| Registros recuperados: 2.004 | |
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