SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Cavatassi, Romina.

The understatement or omission of the environmental costs and benefits associated with forest management options results in project evaluations and policy prescriptions that are less than socially optimal. The aim of this paper is to examine the full range of costs and benefits associated with forests, distinguishing between how these should, and actually are, included in economic analyses. The paper first describes the economic analysis undertaken in the project evaluation procedure of the World Bank. The second section deals with all costs and benefits that typically occur in forestry projects. Costs and benefits are classified as on-site private, on-site public or global according to their nature and area of impact and according to the Total Economic...

Turning Water into Carbon: Carbon sequestration vs. water flow in the Murray-Darling Basin

Palavras-chave: Economic analysis; Forest values; Global environmental benefits; Externalities; Carbon sequestration; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; D62; Q51; Q57; O13.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23799

Schrobback, Peggy; Adamson, David; Quiggin, John C..

Large scale forest plantations in the Murray-Darling Basin may be embraced as a carbon sequestration mechanism under a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme. However, increased tree plantation will be associated with reduced inflows to river systems because of increased transpiration, interception and evaporation. Therefore, an unregulated change in land management is most likely to have a dramatic impact on the water availability. This will exacerbate the impacts of climate change projected in the Garnaut Review. This paper examines the implications of unrestricted changes in land use. These results should suggest the true costs to society from carbon sequestration by determining the tradeoffs between timber production and agricultural products.

"No-Till" Farming Is a Growing Practice

Palavras-chave: Murray-Darling Basin; Carbon sequestration; Forest plantation; Irrigated agriculture; Water flow; Trade-off; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47616

Horowitz, John K.; Ebel, Robert M.; Ueda, Kohei.

Most U.S. farmers prepare their soil for seeding and weed and pest control through tillage—plowing operations that disturb the soil. Tillage practices affect soil carbon, water pollution, and farmers’ energy and pesticide use, and therefore data on tillage can be valuable for understanding the practice’s role in reaching climate and other environmental goals. In order to help policymakers and other interested parties better understand U.S. tillage practices and, especially, those practices’ potential contribution to climate-change efforts, ERS researchers compiled data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey and the National Resources Inventory-Conservation Effects Assessment Project’s Cropland Survey. The data show that approximately 35.5 percent...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Tillage; No-till; Agricultural Resource Management Survey; ARMS; U.S. crop practices; National Resources Inventory-Conservation Effects Assessment Project; NRI-CEAP; Carbon baseline; Carbon sequestration; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96636

Assessing the economic impact of an emissions trading scheme on agroforestry in Australia’s northern grazing systems

Donaghy, Peter; Rolfe, John; Gowen, Rebecca; Bray, Steven; Madonna, Hoffman.

Although agriculture generates a significant portion of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions, it also has the potential to sequester large quantities of emissions through changed land use management such as agroforestry. Whilst there is an extensive amount of agroforestry literature, little has been written on the economic consequences of adopting silvopastoral systems in northern Australia. This paper reports the economic feasibility of adopting complimentary agroforestry systems in the low rainfall region of northern Australia. The analysis incorporates the dynamic tradeoffs between tree and pasture growth, carbon sequestration, cleared regrowth decomposition rates and livestock methane emissions in a bioeconomic model. The results suggest there are...

Empirical Analysis of Land-use Change and Soil Carbon Sequestration Cost in China

Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Financial analysis; Carbon accounting framework; Agroforestry; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59069

Li, Man; Wu, JunJie; Deng, Xiangzheng.

This project examines the driving forces behind the land-use change and evaluates the effects of land-use transition on soil organic carbon density and sequestration cost in China. It contributes to the literature in three aspects. First, it applies a discrete choice method to model multiple land-use options with a unique set of high-quality data. Second, it conducts a comprehensive analysis of biophysical characteristics and changes in soil carbon storage caused by land-use change. Third, it examines the economic efficiency of alternative land use policies as instruments for carbon sequestration in China.

The Resource and Agricultural Policy System (RAPS): Upgrade and Documentation

Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Land-use; Soil organic carbon density; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49568

Wu, JunJie.

The Resource and Agricultural Policy System (RAPS) is upgraded and documented in this technical report. RAPS was developed to estimate the environmental impacts of farming practices and policy in 128,591 National Resources Inventory (NRI) sites in the Central United States (the Corn Belt, Lake States, and Northern Plains). This modeling system integrates the effects of soils, climate, crops, and management practices on several environmental indicators including nitrate runoff and leaching, pesticide runoff and leaching, water and wind erosion, and soil organic carbon. RAPS can be used to provide timely information on the nation's environmental health as it is impacted by agriculture and by changes in agricultural and resource policies.

Should carbon issues modify agri-environmental support to mountain grazing? A case study in the Italian Alps

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Carbon sequestration; Conservation practices; Environmental effects; Integrated modeling systems; Nitrate water pollution; Soil erosion; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18654

Raffaelli, Roberta; Notaro, Sandra; Gios, Geremia.

The increasing importance of the carbon sequestration issue calls the researchers to investigate if the agri-environmental support (AES) to extensive mountain grazing granted under Regulations 2078/92, 1257/99 and 1698/2005 is still efficient. AES may have contributed to the maintenance of low carbon stocks in extensive grazing areas, which might otherwise have been abandoned and revegetated by species that assist carbon sequestration. We evaluate benefits and costs of supporting the maintenance of pastureland through cattle grazing in an Italian Alpine pasture for 2004. We focus on three non-commodity outputs of Alpine grazing –landscape-recreation amenities, carbon sequestration and contribution to economic vitality of the area- and three groups of...

Improving Environmental Quality in South Florida through Silvopasture: An Economic Approach

Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental support; Mountain grazing; Carbon sequestration; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44071

Stainback, G. Andrew; Alavalapati, Janaki R.R.; Shrestha, Ram K.; Larkin, Sherry L.; Wong, Grace.

A dynamic optimization model is used to compare the profitability of silvopasture with traditional cattle ranching in south Florida. Silvopasture can reduce phosphorus runoff from cattle ranching-a major environmental concern for Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades. Silvopasture can also sequester carbon, thereby offsetting global climate change. The effectiveness of phosphorus runoff taxes and carbon sequestration payments for inducting landowners to adopt silvopasture is investigated. We find that phosphorus taxes alone would not induce landowners to adopt silvopasture. However, payments to landowners to sequester carbon, alone or in conjunction with phosphorus runoff taxes, can make silvopasture financially competitive with traditional ranching.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Cattle ranching; Faustmann model; Global climate change; Phosphorus runoff; Silvopasture; Slash pine; Tax; Q57; Q23.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43396

The Consequences of Co-benefits for the Efficient Design of Carbon Sequestration Programs

Feng, Hongli; Kling, Catherine L..

In this paper, we study the social efficiency of private carbon markets that include trading in agricultural soil carbon sequestration when there are significant co-benefits (positive environmental externalities) associated with the practices that sequester carbon. Likewise, we investigate the efficiency of government-run conservation programs that are designed to promote a broad array of environmental attributes (both carbon sequestration and its co-benefits) for the supply of carbon. Finally, policy design and efficiency issues associated with the potential interplay between a private carbon market and a government conservation program are studied. Empirical analyses for an area that represents a significant potential source of carbon sequestration and...

Optimal Forest Rotations with Environmental Values and Endogenous Fire Risk

Palavras-chave: Average ranking of benefits; Carbon markets; Carbon sequestration; Co-benefits; Conservation programs; The Upper Mississippi River Basin; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18415

Daigneault, Adam J.; Sohngen, Brent; Miranda, Mario J..

This paper develops a model that solves for the optimal economic harvest rotation problem to maximize revenue of an even-aged forest plantation when there is a risk of a catastrophic forest fire. The paper also investigates the feasibility of using fire prone stands for carbon sequestration and estimates the effects that it would have on the optimal management regime and rotation age empirically using a typical Douglas-fir stand in the Pacific Northwest. The model incorporates risk-reducing management practices that allow risk and growth to be endogenous, and the optimal rotation model is solved using numerical simulation techniques. Results show that higher carbon prices increase the rotation length regardless of the probability of fire and that the...

An Economic Analysis of Carbon Sequestration for Wheat and Grain Sorghum Production in Kansas

Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Stochastic risk; Forest management; Optimal rotation; Silviculture; Forest fires; Climate change; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9738

Aller, Taryn D.; Williams, Jeffery R.; Nelson, Richard G.; Claassen, Mark M.; Rice, Charles W..

This study examined the economic potential with and without carbon credit payments of two crop and tillage systems in South Central Kansas that could reduce carbon dioxide emissions and sequester carbon in the soil. Experiment station cropping practices, yield data, and soil carbon data for continuously cropped wheat and grain sorghum produced with conventional tillage and no-tillage from1986 to 1995 were used to determine soil carbon changes and to develop enterprise budgets to determine expected net returns for a typical dryland farm in South Central Kansas. No-till had lower net returns because of lower yields and higher overall costs. Both crops produced under no-till had higher annual soil C gains than under conventional tillage. Carbon credit...

ECONOMICS OF SEQUESTERING CARBON IN THE U.S. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Palavras-chave: Carbon credit value; Carbon sequestration; Grain sorghum; No-tillage; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117991

Lewandrowski, Jan; Peters, Mark; Jones, Carol Adaire; House, Robert M.; Sperow, Mark; Eve, Marlen; Paustian, Keith H..

Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases can be reduced by withdrawing carbon from the atmosphere and sequestering it in soils and biomass. This report analyzes the performance of alternative incentive designs and payment levels if farmers were paid to adopt land uses and management practices that raise soil carbon levels. At payment levels below $10 per metric ton for permanently sequestered carbon, analysis suggests landowners would find it more cost effective to adopt changes in rotations and tillage practices. At higher payment levels, afforestation dominates sequestration activities, mostly through conversion of pastureland. Across payment levels, the economic potential to sequester carbon is much lower than the technical potential reported in...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Greenhouse gas mitigation; Afforestation; Conservation tillage; No-till; Incentive design; Leakage; Carbon stock; Permanence; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33569

Modelling the supply of ecosystem services from agriculture: a minimum-data approach

Antle, John M.; Valdivia, Roberto O..

We argue that to support agriculture–environmental policy decision making, stakeholders need ‘quantitative back-of-the-envelope’ analysis that is timely and sufficiently accurate to make informed decisions. We apply this concept to the analysis of the supply of ecosystem services from agriculture. We present a spatially explicit production model and show how it can be used to derive the supply of ecosystem services in a region. This model shows that the supply of ecosystem services can be derived from the spatial distribution of opportunity cost of providing those services. We then show how this conceptual model can be used to develop a minimum-data (MD) approach to the analysis of the supply of ecosystem services from agriculture that can be implemented...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Ecosystem services; Minimum data; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116858

OPTIMAL SPATIAL SCALE FOR EVALUATING ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRADEOFFS

Antle, John M.; Capalbo, Susan Marie; Mooney, Sian.

This paper develops a conceptual framework that can provide a scientific foundation for formulating policies that consider environmental and economic tradeoffs. It addresses a critical problem recognized in the environmental sciences, namely, choosing the appropriate spatial scale for measurement and analysis of spatially variable economic and biophysical processes.

INSTITUTIONS AND THE VALUE OF NONPOINT SOURCE MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY: CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS

Palavras-chave: Scale; Carbon sequestration; Agriculture; Economic policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21660

Kurkalova, Lyubov A.; Kling, Catherine L.; Zhao, Jinhua.

The development of technologies for accurate field-scale carbon assessment allows the implementation of more efficient policies than can be implemented in their absence. We estimate the value of accurate measurement technology by estimating the gains from implementing a more efficient policy, one that targets carbon reductions at the field scale but requires accurate field-scale measurement technology, relative to a practice-based policy that can be implemented in the absence of such technology. We find large cost savings due to improved targeting of conservation tillage subsidies for the state of Iowa. The cost savings depend significantly on the choice of baseline carbon, while the ability of the government to cost discriminate has little impact on the...

Potential for Carbon Forest Plantations in Marginal Timber Forests: The Case of Patagonia, Argentina

Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Green payment policy; Value of measurement technology; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18540

Sedjo, Roger A..

With the advent of the Kyoto Protocol and its recognition of the use of forestry activities and carbon sinks as acceptable tools for addressing the issue of the build-up of atmospheric carbon, the potential role of planted forests as a vehicle for carbon sequestration has taken on a new significance. Additionally, the emergence of tradable emission permits and now tradable carbon offsets provides a vehicle for financially capturing the benefits of carbon emission reductions and carbon offsetting activities. In a world where carbon sequestration has monetary value, investments in planted forests can be made with an eye to revenues to (at least two) joint outputs: timber and the carbon sequestration services. The first section of this paper examines the...

How Would Cap-and-Trade Climate Policy Affect Agricultural Producers in North Dakota? An Economic Analysis

Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Forest plantations; Carbon offsets; Present value; Kyoto Protocol; Argentina; Developing countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q20; Q23.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10661

Historical Development and Applications of the EPIC and APEX Models

Jiang, Yong; Koo, Won W..

The purpose of this study is to examine the possible impacts of cap-and-trade climate policy on agricultural producers in North Dakota. In this study, we focused on carbon sequestration potential and production cost impacts of carbon prices, and explicitly considered farmer preferences and adaptation behavior to estimate the benefits and costs of greenhouse gas cap-and-trade. Based on empirically estimated farmer behavior models, a policy simulation with agricultural census data identified farmer acreage allocation for carbon sequestration, carbon offset supplies and revenues, the production cost impacts of carbon prices, and impacts on net farm income and their distributions among heterogeneous farmers. Our analysis found that: 1) farmer ex ante...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Cap-and-trade; Climate change; Agricultural impacts; Economics; Carbon sequestration; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98170

Gassman, Philip W.; Williams, Jimmy R.; Benson, Verel W.; Izaurralde, R. Cesar; Hauck, Larry M.; Jones, C. Allan; Atwood, Jay D.; Kiniry, James R.; Flowers, Joan D..

The development of the field-scale Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was initiated in 1981 to support assessments of soil erosion impacts on soil productivity for soil, climate, and cropping conditions representative of a broad spectrum of U.S. agricultural production regions. The first major application of EPIC was a national analysis performed in support of the 1985 Resources Conservation Act (RCA) assessment. The model has continuously evolved since that time and has been applied for a wide range of field, regional, and national studies both in the U.S. and in other countries. The range of EPIC applications has also expanded greatly over that time, including studies of (1) surface runoff and leaching estimates of nitrogen and...