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Hedging a Government Entitlement: The Case of Countercyclical Payments AgEcon
Anderson, John D.; Coble, Keith H.; Miller, J. Corey.
This research evaluates whether the introduction of countercyclical payments creates an incentive for program crop producers to hedge the expected government payment using futures and/or options. Results indicate that some level of countercyclical payment hedging is optimal for risk-averse decision makers. However, optimal hedge ratios depend on planting time expectations of marketing year average price as well as on what crop, if any, has been planted on countercyclical payment base acres. These results suggest that the ability to hedge may make these payments more decoupled but also illustrate the distortion of producer behavior induced by farm programs.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Countercyclical payment; Expected utility; Hedging; Policy; Risk; Demand and Price Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6299
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Managing Price Risk in Volatile Grain Markets, Issues and Potential Solutions AgEcon
McKenzie, Andrew M.; Kunda, Eugene L..
During 2008 extreme price volatility in grain markets led to country elevators incurring unprecedentedly large margin calls on their futures hedges. As a result elevators’ traditional liquidity sources and lines of credit were stretched to breaking point. This article explores the potential liquidity benefits of making available an Over-the-Counter Margin Credit Swap contract to grain hedgers. The swap would enable hedgers to draw upon sources of capital outside the farm credit system to provide liquidity needed to make margin calls. Simulation results clearly show that a Margin Credit Swap contract would provide significant liquidity benefits to hedgers during volatile periods.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Elevator; Hedging; Margin; Swap; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; G32; G13; Q14.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53081
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Improving Cattle Basis Forecasting AgEcon
Tonsor, Glynn T.; Dhuyvetter, Kevin C.; Mintert, James R..
Successful risk management strategies for agribusiness firms based on futures and options contracts are contingent on their ability to accurately forecast basis. This research addresses three primary questions as they relate to basis forecasting accuracy: (a) What is the impact of adopting a time-to-expiration approach, as compared to the more common calendar-date approach? (b) What is the optimal number of years to include in calculations when forecasting livestock basis using historical averages? and (c) What is the effect of incorporating current basis information into a historical-average-based forecast? Results indicate that use of the time-to-expiration approach has little impact on forecast accuracy compared to using a simple calendar approach, but...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Basis; Basis forecasts; Cattle prices; Current information; Hedging; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31115
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Weather Derivatives, Spatial Aggregation, and Systemic Risk: Implications for Reinsurance Hedging AgEcon
Woodard, Joshua D.; Garcia, Philip.
Previous studies identify limited potential efficacy of weather derivatives in hedging agricultural exposures. In contrast to earlier studies which investigate the problem at low levels of aggregation, we find that better weather hedging opportunities may exist at higher levels of spatial aggregation. Aggregating production exposures reduces idiosyncratic risk, leaving a greater proportion of the total risk in the form of systemic weather risk which can be effectively hedged using relatively simple weather derivatives. The aggregation effect suggests that the potential for weather derivatives in agriculture may be greater than previously thought, particularly for aggregators of risk such as reinsurers.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Hedging; Reinsurance; Spatial aggregation; Systemic risk; Weather derivatives; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36705
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VALUE AT RISK: AGRICULTURAL PROCESSOR PROCUREMENT AND HEDGING STRATEGIES AgEcon
Hawes, Cullen R.; Wilson, William W.; Dahl, Bruce L..
Agricultural firms that use Value at Risk (VaR) tend to be the large diversified corporations. The benefits of VaR in the agricultural industry are not limited to large conglomerates; however, and this study provides empirical examples of how mid to large sized commodity end-users can use VaR to quantify price risk exposure. By reporting price risk in terms of dollars as a single summary statistic, VaR provides a more intuitive measure of risk for decision makers, especially when the distribution of portfolio value changes is non-normal. VaR also separates downside from upside potential by focusing on the left-hand tail of a portfolio's distribution of returns. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how VaR can be applied to the portfolio of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Value at Risk; Hedging; Processor Futures; Options; Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23608
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EVIDENCE OF FARMER FORWARD PRICING BEHAVIOR AgEcon
McNew, Kevin; Musser, Wesley N..
The current agricultural marketing literature has considerable controversy about the optimal use of hedging for farmers. Much of this literature has very limited data on farmer behavior and an evaluation of the outcome of this behavior. This paper uses data from a hedging game from Maryland marketing clubs for 1994-1998. Hypotheses concerning the consistency of farmer behavior with the research literature on hedging are considered. Results indicate that farmers do not achieve price enhancement from hedging. However, their decisions do not conform to implications of optimal hedging models in a number of dimensions. This analysis provides further information to help bridge the gap between academic research and practical hedging.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Grain Marketing; Hedging; Risk Management; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28568
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U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission vs. Marketing Advisory Services, Inc.: A Case Study AgEcon
Conley, Dennis M..
The IFAMR is the Official Journal of the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association: www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Risk management; Lawsuit; Agricultural commodities; CFTC; Hedging; Speculation; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q14.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114717
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Hedging Price Risk in the Presence of Crop Yield and Revenue Insurance AgEcon
Mahul, Olivier.
The demand for hedging against price uncertainty in the presence of crop yield and revenue insurance contracts is examined for two French wheat farms. The rationale for the use of options in addition to futures is first highlighted through the characterization of the first-best hedging strategy in the expected utility framework. It is then illustrated using numerical simulations. The presence of options is shown to allow the insured producer to adopt a more speculative position on the futures market. Futures are shown to be performing, in terms of willingness to receive. Options are weakly performing when futures markets are unbiased, while they are more performing when futures markets are biased.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Hedging; Producer welfare; Simulation; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24881
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Improving Feeder Cattle Basis Forecasts AgEcon
Dhuyvetter, Kevin C.; Swanser, Kole; Kastens, Terry L.; Mintert, James R.; Crosby, Brett.
Forecasting feeder cattle basis has long been difficult because of the myriad factors that influence basis, including input and output prices and lot characteristics. This research draws upon knowledge of the various factors that influence cash feeder cattle prices to develop hedonic feeder cattle basis models. Out-of-sample test results provide strong evidence that these hedonic models predict basis more accurately than the multi-year average forecasting approach commonly used by livestock producers. Results from this research were used to develop a web tool funded by USDA's Risk Management Agency (BeefBasis.com) that producers can use to forecast and understand feeder cattle basis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Basis; Basis forecasts; Cattle prices; Feeder cattle; Hedging; Price risk management; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42302
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Hedging Break-Even Biodiesel Production Costs Using Soybean Oil Futures AgEcon
Graf, Johannes; McKenzie, Andrew M.; Popp, Michael P..
The effectiveness of hedging volatile input prices for biodiesel producers is examined over one- to eight-week time horizons. Results reveal that hedging break-even soybean costs with soybean oil futures offers significant reductions in input price risk. The degree of risk reduction is dependent upon type of hedge, naïve or risk-minimizing, and upon time horizon. In contrast, cross-hedging break-even poultry fat costs with soybean oil futures failed to reduce input price risk.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Hedging; Poultry fat; Soybean oil; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90553
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