SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Gilmour, Brad; Gurung, Rajendra Kumar.

In 1984, New Zealand introduced important policy reforms in order to address major macroeconomic and fiscal imbalances. New Zealand's support to agricultural producers rapidly decreased from 30 percent of the value of production to about 2 percent, and has remained the lowest among OECD economies since that time. After a difficult transition, the removal of subsidies resulted in a more diversified and competitive rural economy in New Zealand; total factor productivity growth has been roughly 2.5 percent annually since 1984, compared to roughly 1.5 percent in the prereform period. This Policy Review focuses on agricultural policy today and how New Zealand is supporting the agricultural sector now without resorting to subsidies. It describes the policy New...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: New Zealand; Agricultural policy; Benchmark; Proactive; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46688

BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics

This article draws mostly (but not entirely) on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow...

The Economic Importance of Wildlife Conservation on the Otago Peninsula - 20 years on

Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity conservation; Bounded rationality; Civil society; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; Landcare; Mixed goods; New institutional economics; New Zealand; NGOs; Principal-and-agent problem; Political acceptability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Q00; Q2; Q5; Q57; Z13.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6185

This article updates a paper which I wrote in 1988 about the economic value of biodiversity conservation on the Otago Peninsula and the scope for expanding wildlife tourism there. After outlining different ways to measure the economic importance of wildlife, I use economic impact analysis to measure the current importance of wildlife tourism on the Otago Peninsula. However, it is also pointed out that the activities of bodies such as the Yellow-eyed Penguin Trust and the Department of Conservation have positive regional economic impacts. The specific methods and assumptions used for this economic analysis are outlined. The gross annual turnover of enterprises directly involved in the viewing of wildlife on the Peninsula is of the order of $6.5 million per...

Current Contribution of Four Biotechnologies to New Zealand's Primary Sector

Palavras-chave: Yellow-eyed Penguins; Ngos; Wildlife conservations; New Zealand; Economic impact; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55103

Kaye-Blake, William; Saunders, Caroline M.; Emanuelsson, Martin.

Over the last several decades, changes to production technologies have significantly increased output from the primary sector. The contribution of improved genetics has been variously estimated, and the impacts of genetic engineering have received much attention. The present research estimated the economic impact of four modern biotechnologies (other than genetic engineering) on the primary sector. Information from interviews with key informants was incorporated into a cost-benefit analysis to estimate these impacts. The net contribution was estimated at $266 million per year, with impacts spread unevenly through the sector and across biotechnologies.

The Costs and Benefits of Introducing Mandatory Hygiene Regulations

Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cost-benefit analysis; Marker assisted selection; New Zealand; Primary production; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O30; Q16.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25411

Cao, Kay; Johnson, Robin.

In an idealised model the costs of capital and maintenance and the resulting flow of income benefits over a period of years enables the analyst to produce computations of present values and internal rates of return that summarise the whole investment process in a micro environment. In approaching an industry investment problem like mandatory hygiene regulations with benefits or costs to other entities involved, identifying the appropriate capital and maintenance costs and the industry and non-industry benefits is a giant task. In this paper, we report an attempt to identify the extra costs involved in the introduction of the regulations where industry recorded data is not available, and an attempt to identify industry and non-industry benefits from...

Modelling Land Use in Rural New Zealand

Palavras-chave: HACCP/RMP; Benefit Cost Analysis; Meat; New Zealand; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31976

Olssen, Alex; Kerr, Suzi.

Regional Councils are primarily responsible for environmental management, as specified in the Resource Management Act (RMA), 1991. The Local Government Act 2002 has an integrative component, requiring consideration of social, economic, environmental and cultural well-being of their communities. These two Acts are interesting, as their combination is shaping new governance structures within New Zealand. Different types of policy instruments are available to Regional Councils while carrying out their functions: regulatory, economic and voluntary. The 1990s are characterized by ‘first generation Plans’ of the RMA, which were highly rule focused. In the 2000s a marked shift occurred, mainstreaming ‘community’ and participative approaches to policy. This...

Exploratory Research into the Resilience of Farming Systems during Periods of Hardship

Palavras-chave: Land use change; New Zealand; National; Time series; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Q15; Q24.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115413

Parsonson-Ensor, Chris; Saunders, Caroline M..

This paper investigates the management strategies and responses used by New Zealand sheep and beef farmers to ensure resilience during periods of hardship. Using two, farm level surveys conducted in 1986 and 2010, some aspects of resilient farming systems were identified. Despite apparent hardship current farmers seemed more willing to take risks, with many more borrowing to invest in on farm developments than those in 1986. The main similarity between time periods was the greatest response to economic changes being the adoption of a low input policy. This result was quite significant, as conventional farmers are generally believed to resort to other strategies or responses.

Alternative to Comprehensive Ecosystem Services Markets: The Contribution of Forest-Related Programs in New Zealand

Palavras-chave: Resilience; New Zealand; Indicators; Sustainable agriculture; Strategies; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115511

Bhatta, Arun; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.

Due to the public goods characteristics of many ecosystem services and their vital importance to human welfare, various mechanisms have been put in place to motivate private landowners in the provision of ecosystem services. A common approach is to try to develop a comprehensive ecosystem services market where landowners can receive payments from beneficiaries of ecosystem services. Much research has been directed at developing methods for valuing the range of ecosystem services so that they can be incorporated into ecosystem services markets. However, valuation methods are difficult, expensive and time consuming. Other approaches to the provision of ecosystem services such as payments for ecosystem services usually focus on a single service like water or...

Valuing the Otago Peninsula: The Economic Benefits of Conservation

Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services market; Spill-over effect; Cost-effectiveness; New Zealand; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115350

It is suggested that valuing objects is a distinctive human trait. It is a prerequisite for rational behaviour. Factors that are likely to influence valuations, the difficulties of getting agreements about valuations and the limited perspective of economics as a basis for valuation are discussed generally. Attributes of Otago Peninsula that seem to be valuable and worth conserving are listed and discuss taking into account possible conflicts in getting maximum value from these attributes. Particular attention is given to the economic value of conserving wildlife species on the Otago Peninsula. It is estimated that as a result of the presence of these species and their use for tourism, expenditure of over $100 million annually is generated in the Dunedin...

New Zealand's land based sectors' relative export performance 1990 to 2004

Palavras-chave: New Zealand; Yellow-Eyed Penguins; NGOs; Wildlife conservation; Tourism; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55104

Austin, Darran; Gardiner, Peter.

Between 1990 and 2004 the value of world trade increased by 110% whereas the value of exports from New Zealand's land based sectors expanded by only 51%. This paper examines New Zealand's performance using shift share analysis. According to this framework, the main cause of this slow export performance is that international trade in agricultural and forestry commodities has been growing slowly. Countering this, New Zealand has been improving its competitiveness within these commodities, especially since 2000.

An Analysis Of The EU Positions In WTO: Impact On EU And New Zealand

Palavras-chave: Trade performance; New Zealand; Shift-share; Productivity; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10401

Saunders, Caroline M.; Santiago, J.D..

The Doha round negotiations in World Trade Organisation (WTO) have been suspended in the last July due to lack of agreement in agriculture issues. Nevertheless, several leaders of WTO countries have stated publicly their will in reviving WTO talks. Therefore, further negotiations should be expected. Despite the last July failure in obtaining a final text on the negotiating modalities for agriculture, it should be noted that since the launch of Doha round in 2000 significant progress was made in the negotiations. WTO members tabled more generous offers than the initial ones in the round. In fact, during July talks the EU had a active role offering more concessions, such as, 48% reductions of their import tariff (instead of the 39% cuts proposed in its last...

New Zealand's Preferential Trading Arrangements: Implications for the New Zealand Dairy Industry

Palavras-chave: WTO; European Union; New Zealand; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7960

Howard, Sam; Gow, Hamish R.; Ozer-Balli, Hatice.

This paper discusses the economic implications of the preferential trade agreements that New Zealand is currently negotiating, using a computable general equilibrium modelling framework. The New Zealand dairy industry is a particular focus in the results, which come from the GTAP model produced by Purdue University. Results are discussed from the independent simulations of preferential trade agreements between New Zealand and Korea, New Zealand and India, New Zealand and Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, New Zealand and the Gulf Cooperation Council, and expansion of the Trans-Pacific Partnership to include Australia, Peru, Viet Nam, Malaysia, and the United States of America.

Productivity in the New Zealand primary and downstream sectors

Palavras-chave: New Zealand; Dairy industry; Preferential trade agreements; Agribusiness; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115405

Cao, Kay; Forbes, Rod; Gardiner, Peter.

In New Zealand, there has been increasing interest in productivity growth, both at economywide and sector levels. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry maintains a total factor productivity series for the primary sectors. As part of the ministry's flagship project on growth and productivity, we are reviewing the methodology and extending productivity derivation to downstream industries. This paper presents our research results to date.

Wildlife Conservation and the Value of New Zealand's Otago Peninsula: Economic Impacts and Other Considerations

Palavras-chave: Total factor productivity; New Zealand; Agriculture; Forestry; Downstream sectors; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10356

Valuing objects is a distinctive human trait. It is necessary for rational behaviour. Factors that are likely to influence valuations, the difficulties of getting agreements about valuations and the limited perspective of economics as a basis for valuation are discussed generally in this article. Attributes of Otago Peninsula that seem to be valuable and worth conserving are listed and discussed, taking into account possible conflicts in getting maximum value from these attributes. Particular attention is given to the economic value of conserving wildlife species on the Otago Peninsula. As a result of the presence of these species and their use for tourism, expenditure of over $100 million NZ is generated annually in the Dunedin regional economy (directly...

The New Zealand Dairy Cooperatives’ Adaptation to Changing Market Conditions

Palavras-chave: New Zealand; Wildlife tourism; Wildlife conservation; Yellow-eyed Penguins; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55108

Nilsson, Jerker; Ohlsson, Camilla.

This article examines the market conditions, the strategies, and the organizational structures of agricultural cooperatives. Based on the growing literature on cooperative organizational models, it is expected that the new organizational patterns in the New Zealand dairy cooperatives in the early 2000s are a consequence of market changes. Case studies of the three cooperatives are conducted, focusing on the organizational structures in terms of collective versus individualized attributes. The dissolution of the New Zealand Dairy Board created new market opportunities for the cooperatives. Hence, the co-operatives had reason to develop new market strategies, and in order to pursue these well, they changed their organizational structures. The observations...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Cooperative; Dairy; New Zealand; Fonterra; Market strategy; Organizational model; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59553

Modelling Nitrogen Fertiliser Demand in New Zealand

Austin, Darran; Cao, Kay; Rys, Gerald.

In New Zealand, the demand for nitrogen fertiliser has increased markedly since the early 1980s. Potentially, this trend has significant environmental and climate change implications. While many factors could contribute to this trend, little work has been done to examine the drivers of increased use of nitrogen fertiliser in New Zealand. In this paper, we review the international literature and discuss a theoretical framework for modelling fertiliser demand. Using a national data set, we develop an empirical cointegration model for New Zealand. The results suggest that, in the long run, nitrogen fertiliser use is elastic (2.3) to output prices and unit elastic to its own price.