SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Cotton Production in Uganda: Would GM technologies be the Solution?

Azimov, Abror.

The article considers aspects concerning effective coordination of scientific-technological development in Uzbekistan. In the conditions of new economy, insufficient development and use of innovations in the domestic economy will contain the rate of economic growth for any country. Government policies should enhance cooperation among R&D structures and businesses to induce competitive innovations into the national economy.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Socio-economical; Intellectual potential; Highly-skilled personnel; Ideas and innovations; Knowledge; R&D.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32; UDC: 62.001.33.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92393

Horna, J. Daniela; Kyotalimye, Miriam; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin.

The government of Uganda is currently testing the performance of genetically modified (GM) cotton varieties. Cotton is cultivated in Uganda for two main reasons: 1) agro-ecological conditions favor cotton cultivation, and 2) there is a long tradition of cotton cultivation in the country. Two main research questions are addressed in this study: a) would the adoption of genetically modified (GM) cotton benefit Ugandan farmers? b) Would the use of GM seed be more profitable than the low input traditional system or than the organic production system? Stochastic budget analysis is used to address these questions. The results show that estimated values of cotton profitability do not seem to justify the investment in a complex technology. The question then is how...

The dynamics of link formation in patent innovator networks

Palavras-chave: Stochastic budget analysis; GM cotton; Organic cotton; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; O3; O31; O55.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51823

Sebestyen, Tamas; Parag, Andrea.

The paper presents a simple extension of the Barabasi-Albert model of network evolution. This model is based upon the assumption that new links are formed not only according to the centrality of other nodes in a network but geodetic distance is also important in link formation. Simulation results show that if link formation is based on distance then the resulting network is more clustered than in the case of centrality being the dominant factor in link formation. Our empirical results show that in European regional patent inventor networks distance is a considerably more important factor in link formation than network centrality.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Innovation; Network evolution; Knowledge-transfer; Cluster.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94631

ENDOGENOUS RECOMBINANT GROWTH

Tsur, Yacov; Zemel, Amos.

We extend Weitzman's (1998) recombinant growth framework to include endogenous R&D decisions. The analysis is carried out in the (knowledge-capital) state space by means of two characteristic curves: one is identified as a turnpike along which growing economies evolve; the other attracts stagnating economies. Sustained growth depends on a condition relating the slopes of the characteristic curves as well as on a minimal endowment requirement. A growing economy reaches the turnpike at a most rapid R&D rate and evolves along it thereafter. In the long run, the rate of growth and the income shares devoted to R&D, saving and consumption approach constant values that depend on the asymptotic characteristic slopes.

Gender, Agricultural Commercialization, and Collective Action in Kenya

Palavras-chave: Knowledge generation; Combined ideas; Endogenous R&D; Balanced growth; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; O31; O41.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7135

Fischer, Elisabeth; Qaim, Matin.

With the commercialization of agriculture, women are increasingly disadvantaged because of persistent gender-disparities in access to productive resources. Farmer collective action that intends to improve smallholder access to markets and technology could potentially accelerate this trend. Here, we use survey data of small-scale banana producers in Kenya to investigate the gender implications of recently established farmer groups. Traditionally, banana has been a women’s crop in Kenya. Our results confirm that the groups contribute to increasing male control over banana. While male control over banana revenues does not affect household food security, it has a negative marginal effect on dietary quality. We demonstrate that the negative gender implications...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Gender; Collective action; Market access; Agricultural technology; Household food security and nutrition; Kenya; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D71; J16; O12; O13; O31; Q13.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121229

Can Entrepreneurship Be Taught?

Klein, Peter G.; Bullock, J. Bruce.

Is entrepreneurship an innate ability or an acquired skill? Can entrepreneurship acumen be achieved and enhanced through education and training, or are certain people “born” to be entrepreneurs or to act entrepreneurially? Economists and management theorists give widely divergent answers to these questions. This paper reviews the major approaches to teaching entrepreneurship, primarily at the undergraduate level, and relates them to economic theories of entrepreneurship. Surprisingly, we find little connection between the leading approaches to entrepreneurship education and economists’ understanding of the entrepreneurial function. We assess likely explanations for the lack of contact between these two groups of scholars and suggest possible...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Alertness; Entrepreneurship; Innovation; Opportunity identification; Resource acquisition; Uncertainty bearing; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; M13; A22; O31.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43779

How to Win Schumpeterian Competition. Technological Transfers in the German Plastics Industry from the 1930s to the 1970s

Streb, Jochen.

Introducing the concept of innovation capital we will analyse conditions under which a national industry is able to succeed in international Schumpeterian competition. Then we will discuss the significance of this concept for the economic development of the German plastics industry from the 1930s to the 1970s. Using a repeated game model of technological cooperation we will especially focus on technological transfers from chemical firms to plastics fabricators. We will deploy both a microeconomic approach when viewing product innovations transferred by the so-called Kunststoffrohstoffabteilung (KURO) of chemical firm BASF, and a macroeconomic approach when looking at the development of total factor productivity in the German plastics fabricating industry....

A Politico-Economic Model of Aging, Technology Adoption and Growth

Palavras-chave: Technological transfer; Schumpeterian competition; Repeated game; Plastics industry; Germany; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D83; L65; N64; O31.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28374

Lancia, Francesco; Prarolo, Giovanni.

Over the past century, all OECD countries have been characterized by a dramatic increase in economic conditions, life expectancy and educational attainment. This paper provides a positive theory that explains how an economy might evolve when the longevity of its citizens both influences and is influenced by the process of economic development. We propose a three periods OLG model where agents, during their lifetime, cover different economic roles characterized by different incentive schemes and time horizon. Agents decisions embrace two dimensions: the private choice about education and the public one upon innovation policy. The theory focuses on the crucial role played by heterogeneous interests in determining innovation policies, which are one of the...

THE ANALYSIS OF CURRENT STATE IN THE REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

Palavras-chave: Growth; Life Expectancy; Human Capital; Systemic Innovation; Majority Voting; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D70; J10; O14; O31; O43.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9552

Productivity Change in U.S. Coal Mining

Morozova, Tatiana.

The paper reviews the current state of the innovation system in Rostov region. Despite huge scientific-technical potential the region has a shortage of high technology industries. Set of recommendations put forward including deepening integration links among producing companies and other institutions of the regional innovation system.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Innovative activity; Interaction; Innovative development.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O38.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94567

Darmstadter, Joel; Kropp, Brian.

Labor productivity in U.S. coal mining increased at an average annual rate of slightly over four percent during the past 45 years. This report examines key factors contributing to that record - particularly, technological innovation in both surface and underground mining and concurrent geographic shifts in U.S. coal production. Health, safety, and environmental regulations introduced in the sixties and seventies, as well as labor unrest, interrupted long-term productivity advance; but the interruption was of limited duration. Although our principal focus is on worker productivity, steady growth in the relative importance of nonlabor inputs underscores the need to consider total factor productivity. The report touches on the productivity record using that...

Does Intellectual Property Protection Spur Technological Change?

Palavras-chave: Coal mining; Productivity; Technological change; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q41; L72; O31.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10874

Kanwar, Sunil; Evenson, Robert E..

Of the diverse factors motivating technological change, one factor that has received increasing attention in the recent past has been the protection of intellectual property rights. Given fairly recent changes in the international policy ethos where a regime of stronger intellectual property protection has become a fait accompli for most developing countries, it is of some significance to ask whether more stringent protection of intellectual property does indeed encourage innovation. And this is the question which this paper examines, utilising cross-country panel data on R&D investment, patent protection and other country-specific characteristics spanning the period 1981-1990. The evidence unambiguously indicates the significance of intellectual...

INNOVATION CO-OPERATION MODES IN HUNGARIAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Technological change; Economic growth; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O34; O31.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28432

Technology and Human Development

Lanyi, Beatrix.

Innovation is becoming a fundamental tool of competitiveness of firms and economies. It is especially relevant in research intensive branches. Chemical industry belongs to one of the most innovative branches in Hungary. As innovation requires significant financial and knowledge resources company co-operations are crucial in carrying out a successful innovation by minimizing the costs and risks in the process. With the increasing number of collaborations the types and modes of co-operations are proliferating as well.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Innovation; Co-operation; Chemical industry; Innovation networks; Hungary.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L65; O31.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94563

DETERMINANTS OF FOOD INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE – SURVEY DATA AND REGRESSIONS FOR DENMARK

Ranis, Gustav.

Human development, in combination with technology, yields economic growth which, in turn, is necessary to generate further advances in human development. This paper focuses on the first channel above and finds the relationship significant. Secondly, the paper tries to investigate what affects technology change, as represented by TFP. We examine the influence of openness, FDI, patents and R&D in a 22 country sample and also contrast Asian and Latin American experience.

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Technology; Human Development; International Development; F00; F16; J24; O10; O15; O30; O31; O32.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118649

Furtan, William Hartley; Sauer, Johannes.

This paper investigates empirically the determinants of firms’ performance in the agrifood sector by using recent survey data for Denmark. Treating sales per employee as a proxy for value added we estimate several bootstrapped regression models to draw conclusions on the marginal effects of potential performance determinants such as the form and nature of ownership, stage of the food chain and commodity sector, new product development, staff quality, firms’ competitive stance, and elements of firms’ strategy. To draw robust inferences we apply, besides the ordinary heteroscedasticity corrected Tobit ML-estimator, a nonparametric least absolute deviations estimator (LAD/CLAD) based on a quantile regression...

Modeling US Counties’ Innovation Capacity with a Focus on Natural Amenities

Palavras-chave: Value added; Innovation; Organizational type; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q13; O31; O33.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36851

Zhu, Erqian Julia; Kim, Man-Keun; Harris, Thomas R..

The minimis aid, a possible alternative for supplementing the budgets of SMEes for enhancing competitiveness through the capacity of innovation - the Romanian case

Palavras-chave: Innovation Capacity; Natural Amenity; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O31; Q51.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103249

What Makes Agricultural Intensification Profitable for Mozambican Smallholders? An Appraisal of the Inputs Subsector and the 1996/97 DNER/SG2000 Program

Tudor, Florin.

The latest Scoreboard of the European Commission regarding the state aid shows that the Member States are using increasingly more opportunities offered by EU rules on state aid. This paper comes to clarify the benefits of accessing the minimis aid by traders, as capital contributions, guarantees, risk capital measures in the innovation process, to create a new product, introducing a new method of manufacturing, entering in a new market or creating a new market, calling for a new raw material.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Innovation; The minimis aid; Financial crisis; Competitiveness.; International Development; G38; O31.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94637

Howard, Julie A.; Jeje, Jose Jaime; Tschirley, David L.; Strasberg, Paul J.; Crawford, Eric W.; Weber, Michael T..

This report summarizes an appraisal of input utilization and marketing in Mozambique, focusing on the following research questions: (1) What are current smallholder yields for major commodities, and what is the potential for increasing yields through the use of improved technologies? (2) To what extent are improved technologies already being used by smallholders, and is the use of improved technologies profitable? (3) How are improved seeds, fertilizer and pesticides currently produced and distributed? and (4) What are the key constraints and opportunities for increasing the use of improved technologies by smallholders?

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Improved technologies; Farm Management; Downloads July 2008-July 2009: 9; O31.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54680

Modeling Agricultural Innovation in a Rapidly Developing Country: The Case of Chinese Pesticide Industry

Shi, Guanming; Pray, Carl E..

Technology and innovation play an increasingly important role in the economic development of both developed and developing countries. We investigate how policy and market factors influence firms’ (or other potential innovators’) decisions on innovation or imitation by developing a conceptual model and then empirically testing it using pesticide innovation data from a rapidly developing country, China. We find that the government encouraged local innovation by opening regions to more international trade, more investment in public research and education, strengthening intellectual property right (IPR) enforcement, and limiting the role of foreign inventors. However, the role of the extension of patent life in the early 1990s has little impact. Theory and...

Macroeconomics and Agriculture in Tunisia

Palavras-chave: Innovation; Pesticide; China; Patent; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O34; O38.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103744

Ben Kaabia, Monia; Gil, Jose Maria; Chebbi, Houssem Eddine.

This paper aims to analyse the impact of changes in the monetary policy and the exchange rate on agricultural supply, prices and exports. The methodology used is based on the multivariate cointegration approach. Ten variables are considered: interest and exchange rates, money supply, inflation, agricultural output and input prices, agricultural supply and exports, income and the rate of commercial openness. Sample period covers annual data from 1967 to 2002. Due to the short-sample period, two subsystems are considered. First, long-run relationships are identified in each subsystem. Second, both subsystems are merged in order to calculate the short-run dynamics. Results indicate that changes in macroeconomic variables have an effect on the agricultural...