SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Mendes, Carlos Magno; Silva, Cristiane Marcela Oliveira.

Fatores relacionados às condições de vida da população e às questões ambientais precárias são freqüentemente citados como os maiores responsáveis pela incidência de doenças e, às vezes, por traduzirem obstáculos ao controle de surtos de epidemias. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os benefícios diretos e indiretos decorrentes do impacto da falta de planejamento urbano e de sua conseqüente infra-estrutura sanitária e ambiental deficitária no município de Cuiabá, no período de 2000 a 2005. Diante do saneamento ambiental falho, prejudicial à saúde humana, a análise enfoca as doenças de maior notificação e incidência, tais como diarréia, dengue e hanseníase. O Método dos Custos Evitáveis (MCE), que relaciona a poluição ambiental e sua conseqüente afetação à...

Effects of Environmental Regulation on Economic Activity and Pollution in Commercial Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Saneamento ambiental; Saúde pública; Morbidade e mortalidade; Custos evitáveis; Environmental sanitation; Public health; Morbidity and mortality; Avoidable costs; Community/Rural/Urban Development; I 11; I 18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109787

Sneeringer, Stacy E..

Research on environmental regulation’s effects on economic activity has largely focused on manufacturing, ignoring one of the major polluters in the U.S. – commercial agriculture. As livestock production has become increasingly mobile, regulation has become an important criterion in firm location. This article extends the literature on environmental regulation’s economic effects to commercial agriculture by exploiting a series of regulations adopted in North Carolina in the 1990s. During this time, the state’s hog production more than tripled as a consequence of welcoming state legislation. This sudden growth creates an opportunity to study how environmental regulation affects the location of economic activity, the externality costs of legislation...

Faciliter l’adoption d’interventions de securite alimentaire dans le secteur des aliments de rue et dans les champs

Palavras-chave: Livestock; Externality; Regulation; Public health; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q5.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46591

Urban wastewater: A valuable resource for agriculture - A case study from Haroonabad, Pakistan

Karg, Hanna; Drechsel, Pay; Amoah, Philip; Jeitler, Regina.

This chapter discusses the implementation challenges of the WHO Guidelines on safe wastewater use pertaining to the adoption of the so-called ‘post-treatment’ or ‘non-treatment’ options, like safer irrigation practices or appropriate vegetablewashing in kitchens. Due to limited risk awareness and immediate benefits of wastewater irrigation, it is unlikely that a broad adoption of recommended practices will automatically follow revised policies or any educational campaign and training. Most of the recommended practices do not only require behaviourchange but might also increase operational costs. In such a situation, significant efforts are required to explore how conventional and/or social marketing can support the desired behaviour-change towards the...

Tipo: Book

Palavras-chave: Food safety; Restaurants; Public health; Social behaviour; Wastewater irrigation; Vegetables; Guidelines; West Africa; Ghana; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124376

van der Hoek, Wim; Ul Hassan, Mehmood; Ensink, Jeroen H.J.; Feenstra, Sabiena; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Munir, Sarfraz; Aslam, Rizwan; Ali, Nazim; Hussain, Raheela; Matsuno, Yutaka.

Farming communities in water-scarce regions increasingly practice the use of urban wastewater in agriculture. Untreated urban wastewater is generally considered unacceptable for direct use because of potential health risks. However, in many parts of the world, poor farmers in peri-urban areas use untreated wastewater. This situation is considered likely to continue even in the foreseeable future due to the high investment cost associated with the installation of treatment facilities.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Waste waters; Irrigation water; Water reuse; Economic analysis; Soil properties; Households; Water availability; Water use; Water quality; Groundwater; Public health; Risks; Case studies; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44566

An Optimal Control Framework to Address the Relationship between Water Resource Management and Water-Borne Health Impacts: Focus on the Texas Lower Rio Grande Valley

Leidner, Andrew J.; Lacewell, Ronald D.; Rister, M. Edward; Sturdivant, Allen W..

The objective of this study is develop a theoretical model that can evaluate two types of public health expenditures on water-borne health risks: water-related municipal services, an ex ante preventative measure against water-borne contamination, and medical treatment, an ex post treatment of the water-borne pollutant’s harmful effects on human health. The modeled community can allocate resources in either centralized-municipal water-services, point-of-use water-services, or medical intervention, with expenditures subject to a budget constraint. The movement of a water-borne illness through the community is modeled with a susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) disease framework. An optimization framework is developed, including a statement of the...

Human Milk: An Invisible Food Resource

Palavras-chave: Water; Public health; Rural development; Dynamic optimization; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98806

Hatloy, Anne; Oshaug, Arne.

Human milk is a food that meets all conditions for an infant's nutrition security and is the most important food for more than 10 percent of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa (children less than three years of age). Statistics on production of human milk at local and national levels are lacking for Africa. In this paper, the quantity of human milk production in Mali, Senegal, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe is estimated. The annual production in the urban and rural areas in a county in Mali is estimated at 13 and 17 kilograms per capita, respectively. National annual median production is estimated to be between 144,000 (Mali) and 1.3 million metric tons (Nigeria), and production per capita between 8 (Zimbabwe) and 15 kilograms per year (Mali). In Sub-Saharan...

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: Sub-Saharan Africa; Food Security; Human Nutrition; Public health; Food Security and Poverty.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97292

The economics of reducing food-borne diseases in developing countries: the case of diarrhea in Rwanda

von Witzke, Harald; Kirschke, Dieter; Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Noleppa, Steffen.

The paper provides a methodology which is suitable for the analysis of the social cost of disease and the benefits and cost of health intervention by integrating public health analysis and economics. The approach developed in the paper is applied to food-borne diarrhea in Rwanda. The results suggest that both prevention and treatment are socially very profitable. However, simple treatments such as Oral Rehydration Therapy have a higher social rate of return than prevention.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Public health; Consumer protection; Social cost; Economics of foodborne diseases; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97395

Economics of Biofortification

Qaim, Matin; Stein, Alexander J.; Meenakshi, J.V..

Micronutrient malnutrition affects billions of people world-wide, causing serious health problems. Different micronutrient interventions are currently being used, but their overall coverage is relatively limited. Biofortification that is, breeding staple food crops for higher micronutrient contents has been proposed as a new agriculture-based approach. Yet, as biofortified crops are still under development, relatively little is known about their economic impacts and wider ramifications. In this article, the main factors that will influence their future success are discussed, and a methodology for economic impact assessment is presented, combining agricultural, nutrition, and health aspects. Ex ante studies from India and other developing countries...

Food-Chain-Politik – Element einer strategischen Neuorientierung der Agrarpolitik

Palavras-chave: Micronutrient malnutrition; Public health; Biofortification; Agricultural technology; Impact analysis; Developing countries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I1; I3; O1; O3; Q1.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25584

FIRMS’ RESPONSES TO NUTRITIONAL POLICIES

Reisch, Lucia A..

European agricultural policy has undergone profound changes during the past decade. The nucleus of this reform has been the transformation of the agricultural and food policy from a producer centred perspective of agriculture to a more market and consumer oriented food chain approach. Such a systemic perspective calls for a stronger and systematic integration of the more demand-oriented policy fields of food, consumer and public health policy as well as of elements of politics of sustainable development along the whole food chain. The paper analyzes the reasons and consequences of these developments, and calls for an integrated “food chain politics” approach. Implications for the future design of practical and academic agricultural policy are drawn.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Food chain; Reform of Agricultural Policy (CAP); Consumer policy; Food policy; Public health; Sustainable development; Consumer orientation; Agricultural and food policy research; European food law; Food chain politics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97316

Duvaleix-Treguer, Sabine; Hammoudi, Hakim; Rouached, Lamia; Soler, Louis-Georges.

The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of nutritional policies on the behavior of firms, particularly in terms of food quality and prices, and to assess the potential impacts of such policies from a public health point of view. We determine how new products that are nutritionally improved can emerge in a market where incumbent firms offer competing unhealthy products. We also highlight a non-intentional effect of such policies: if consumer heterogeneity is high, then an information policy may simultaneously provide health benefits to the population as a whole but worsen the health of consumers that are less aware of nutritional effects. For a given level of nutritional tax, we determine the optimal threshold that firms must meet to avoid taxation....

Minimizing the negative environmental and health impacts of agricultural water resources development in Sub-Saharan Africa

Palavras-chave: Nutrition policy; Product differentiation; Firms’ strategies; Taxation; Quality standards; Public health; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; L15; I18; H23.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116399

McCartney, Matthew P.; Boelee, Eline; Cofie, Olufunke O.; Mutero, Clifford M..

This paper provides a synopsis of environmental and health impacts arising from agricultural water development in sub-Saharan Africa and recommends ways to increase the sustainability of investments in irrigation by giving greater prominence to health and environmental concerns. In many places in the region, irrigation is a key means of enhancing agricultural productivity that can reduce poverty and improve livelihoods. However, failure to adequately foresee, plan and manage the negative environmental and health impacts arising from irrigation undermines the sustainability of many schemes and can worsen poverty. To improve sustainability, environmental and health issues must be at the core of future irrigation development with much greater emphasis on the...

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: Water resources development; Irrigation management; Investment; Environmental effects; Public health; Risk management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91873

Teles,PFS; Boiago,MM; Frigo,A; Rampazzo,L; Araújo,DN; Kich,JD; Rebelatto,R; Furian,TQ; Stefani,LM.

ABSTRACT Brazil is the largest exporter of chicken meat and poultry farming is one of the most important productive segments, despite major losses due to the bacterium Escherichia coli, which is also a zoonotic microorganism. The objetive of this study was to isolate E. coli and to evaluate its transmissibility potential from the field to chicken meat using the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) technique. Environmental samples (poultry litter, soil and water) were collected from broiler farms located in the South of Brazil where the majority of the Brazilian poultry production occurs. In addition, chicken meat (gizzard, heart, drumette and tulip) samples were collected from local supermarkets. As results, 47.36% of the samples were positives for E....

Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Serovars Isolated From an Egg-Producing Region in Brazil

Palavras-chave: Environment; Epidemiology; Microbiology; Public health; Pulsed field gel electrophoresis.

Ano: 2021

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2021000100308

Benevides,VP; Rubio,MS; Alves,LBR; Barbosa,FO; Souza,AIS; Almeida,AM; Casas,MRT; Guastalli,EAL; Soares,NM; Berchieri Jr,A.

ABSTRACT Fowl paratyphoid infections are caused by different Salmonella serovars that can affect a wide range of hosts. Due to its complex epidemiology, Salmonella serovar identification is crucial for the development and implementation of monitoring and control programs in poultry farms. Moreover, the characterization of the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella strains isolated from livestock is relevant to public health because they are a common causative agent of foodborne diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. and to identify the antimicrobial resistance profiles of strains isolated in the midwestern region of São Paulo state, which accounts for the highest production of table eggs in Brazil....

Toxoplasma Gondii and Neospora Caninum Antibodies in Backyard Chickens in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Palavras-chave: Antimicrobial susceptibility; Foodborne disease; Salmonellosis; Multi-drug resistance; Public health.

Ano: 2020

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2020000200319

Camillo,G; Cadore,GC; Ferreira,MST; Braünig,P; Maciel,JF; Pivoto,FL; Sangioni,LA; Vogel,FSF.

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are two intracellular apicomplexan protozoa with worldwide distribution, and are responsible for reproductive disorders in sheep and cattle. These protozoa may infect a wide variety of domestic and wild animals, including birds, and backyard chickens can be used as sentinels of their infection. Parasites investigation in backyard chickens may be useful for the evaluation of environmental contamination with oocysts, of the disease cycle, and of risk factors associated with public health. The aim of this study was establish the importance of backyard chickens as T. gondii and N. caninum hosts. A number of 137 serum samples were collected from chickens in 23 farms in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and tested for...

Bacteriological and Histopathological Evaluation of Articulations of Chickens Diagnosed with Arthritis

Palavras-chave: Backyard chickens; Neosporosis; Public health; Toxoplasmosis.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2015000200263

Marcon,AV; Oliveira,GF De; Caldara,FR; Garcia,RG; Matins,RA; Marcon,A; Crone,C; Assunción,ASA.

ABSTRAT Arthritis implies inflammation of the intra-articular structures and is one of the causes of condemnation in broilers. The disease is associated with infectious agents such as Staphylococcus aureus, which may pose a potential public health risk. This work was conducted with the objective to determine the occurrence of arthritis in broiler chickens, predominantly of bacterial staphylococcal origin and if there is a difference between the degrees of injury regarding the presence of the bacterium and the histological lesion. Sixty samples of chickens diagnosed with arthritis by Federal Inspection Service from commercial slaughterhouse were collected according to their severity (of mild and severe degree) and submitted to bacteriological and...

Abandonment of dogs in Latin America: review of literature

Palavras-chave: Infectious; Inflammatory; Public health; Staphylococcus aureus.

Ano: 2019

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2019000200500

MV&Z

Alves, Ana Julia Silva e; Guilloux, Aline Gil Alves; Zetun, Carolina Ballarini; Polo, Gina; Braga, Guilherme Basseto; Panachão, Ligia Issberner; Santos, Oswaldo; Dias, Ricardo Augusto.

The relinquishment of animals is frequent and common throughout all the Latin America, causing losses in the areas of public health, social, ecological, economic and animal welfare. Among the main causes of pet relinquishment are behavioral problems, lack of space in houses, the lifestyle of the owner, lack of information about the owner responsibilities and costs associated with the keeping of animals. The number of laws related to animal welfare has been growing, due to pressure from the civil population but abandoned animals are a problem of responsibility of all the society. The role of the veterinarian is to inform and educate their customers about the topic. Reduce the relinquishment animal is a public challenge with cultural and long-term solution,...

Main parasitic zoonosis transmitted by fish - a review

Palavras-chave: Dogs; Abandonment; Public health; Animal welfare; Latin America cães; Abandono; Saúde pública; Bem-estar animal; América Latina.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/16221

MV&Z

Okumura, Maria Paula Martinez; de Pérez, Agar Costa Alexandrino; Espíndola Filho, Antonio.

Parasitic zoonosis transmitted by fish are an ever growing problem which calls the attention of researchers and public health authorities because of the health problems caused to the population after raw / rare fish consumption. In Brazil, dishes based on raw fish, such as "sushi" and "sashimis" are greatly consumed because of the influence of oriental culinary. Data show that there are zoonotic parasites in both Brazilian fresh and sea water fish. However, up to the present, there are no reports of human parasitism in Brazil (except for fagicolosis). It is believed that this statistics are related to the absence of diagnosis rather than the absence of the illness itself. Among diseases transmitted to man by fish consumption are anisakiasis;...

Canine responsible ownership in Botucatu city, SP: realities and chalengers

Palavras-chave: Fish; Zoonosis; Parasitism; Public health; Raw fish consumption peixes; Zoonoses; Parasitismo; Saúde pública.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://www.revistamvez-crmvsp.com.br/index.php/recmvz/article/view/3386

MV&Z

de Souza, Luiz Carlos; Modolo, José Rafael; Padovani, Carlos Roberto; Mendonça, André de Oliveira; Lopes, Ana Lúcia Scarelli; da Silva, Wellington Borges.

Aspects related to owner dog care were investigated by questionnaire in Botucatu, SP, during the 33rd annual anti-rabies vaccination campaign. From the 1168 owners interviewed, 67.98% were not aware of the need for vaccines other than anti-rabies; 32.11% did not treat their dogs annually with vermifuges; and 76.89% used ectoparasiticides at the most once a year. Of the 120 owners that exercise their dogs on the street, only one collects the feces. In relation to feeding, 50.09% receive only commercial products. Results showed 187 dogs for every 100 owners. With regard to veterinary assistance, 56.59% never take their dogs to a clinic; 49.57% reported not being able to afford a consultation. For monthly cost, 44.69% reported spending less than R$20.00 per...