SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Kumarappan, Subbu; Joshi, Satish V.; MacLean, Heather.

Published in BioResources, Volume 4, Number 3, 2009, Pages 1070-1087.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Biomass Supply; Resource Assessment; Lignocellulosic Biomass; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q11; Q2; Q20; Q29.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51427

'Green' Preferences as Regulatory Policy

Brennan, Timothy J..

We examine the suggestion that if consumers in sufficient numbers are willing to pay the premium to have power generated using low-emission technologies, tax or permit policies become less necessary or stringent. While there are implementation difficulties with this proposal, our purpose is more fundamental: can economics make sense of using preferences as a regulatory instrument? If"green" preferences are exogenously given, to what extent can or should they be regarded as a substitute for other policies? Even with green preferences, production and consumption of polluting goods continues to impose social costs not borne in the market. Moreover, if green preferences are regarded as a policy instrument, the "no policy" baseline would require a problematic...

Enforcing Environmental Regulation: Implications of Remote Sensing Technology

Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Preference change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; B4; D6.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10787

MacAuley, Molly K.; Brennan, Timothy J..

We review economic models of environmental protection and regulatory enforcement to highlight several attributes that are particularly likely to benefit from new enforcement technologies such as remote sensing using satellites in space. These attributes include the quantity and quality of information supplied by the new technologies; the accessibility of the information to regulators, regulatees, and third parties; the cost of the information; and whether the process of information collection can be concealed from the observer. Satellite remote sensing is likely to influence all of these attributes and in general, improve the efficacy of enforcement.

MARKET-BASED SOLUTIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: DISCUSSION

Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; New technologies; Remote sensing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q28.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10464

Output-Based Allocations of Emissions Permits: Efficiency and Distributional Effects in a General Equilibrium Setting with Taxes and Trade

Woodward, Richard T..

There is rapidly growing interest in the use of market-based (MB) instruments in environmental policy. The papers in this session discuss three relatively new areas for such policies: groundwater contamination, nonpoint source surface-water pollution and carbon sequestration. The papers point out the potential for MB policies in these areas, but significant challenges remain. This comment highlights challenges related to five issues: monitoring and enforcement, trading ratios, baselines, transaction costs, and risk and uncertainty. All these issues must be addressed before MB policies can take the full step from economic theory to regulatory reality.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Global warming; Carbon sequestration; Groundwater contamination; Nonpoint pollution; Effluent trading; Tradable emissions permits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q28; Q25.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15501

Fischer, Carolyn; Fox, Alan K..

The choice of mechanism for allocating tradable emissions permits has important efficiency and distributional effects when tax and trade distortions are considered. We present different rules for allocating carbon allowances within sectors (lump-sum grandfathering, output-based allocation [OBA], and auctioning) and among sectors (historical emissions and value-added shares). Using a partial equilibrium model, we explore how OBA mitigates price increases, limits incentives for conservation in favor of lowering energy intensity, and changes relative output prices among sectors. We then use a computable general equilibrium model from the Global Trade Analysis Project, modified to incorporate a labor/leisure choice, to compare overall mechanism performance....

Is There a Rationale for Rebating Environmental Levies?

Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Output-based allocation; Tax interaction; Carbon leakage; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q43; H2; D61.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10654

Bernard, Alain; Fischer, Carolyn; Vielle, Marc.

Political pressure often exists for rebating environmental levies, particularly when incomplete regulatory coverage allegedly creates an"unlevel playing field" with other, unregulated firms or industries. This paper assesses the conditions under which rebating environmental levies is justified for the regulated sector. It combines a theoretical approach based on second-best modeling with numerical simulations aimed at determining the most sensitive parameters. We find that if an adequate tax on production can be levied in the unregulated sector, no rebate is justified for the regulated sector. Moreover, even in the case of constrained taxation in the unregulated sector, a tax rebate or a subsidy in the regulated sector is not necessarily a...

El Nino, Ice Storms, and the Market for Residential Fuelwood in Eastern Canada and the Northeastern U.S.

Palavras-chave: Environmental levy; Tax rebate; Fiscal distortions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q43; H2; D61.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10512

Jagger, Pamela; White, William; Sedjo, Roger A..

Extreme weather events such as the ice storm that affected eastern Canada and the Northeastern US in January of 1998 have significant impacts on both human populations and forests. One of the questions currently facing climate scientists is whether or not better forecasting of such events would lessen the economic impacts borne by households, industry, agricultural producers and the public sector when such weather events occur. This case study examines the economic impacts of the ice storm on the residential market for fuelwood. It is hypothesized that demand for fuelwood will increase due to the failure of non-wood heating sources during the ice storm. In addition, damage to trees in the region should increase the supply of fuelwood; the net effect of...

The Effect on Asset Values of the Allocation of Carbon Dioxide Emission Allowances

Palavras-chave: Fuelwood; El Nino; Ice storm; Forest management; Extreme weather event; Climate forecasting; Forest policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D1; D13; Q2; Q21; Q23; Q42.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10535

Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Paul, Anthony.

Paradoxically, owners of existing generation assets may be better off paying for carbon dioxide emission allowances than having them distributed for free. This analysis shows that it takes just 7.5% of the revenue raised under an auction to preserve the asset values of existing generators.

Marine Protected Areas in Fisheries Management

Palavras-chave: Carbon dioxide; Emission allowance trading; Allocation; Electricity; Restructuring; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Outputbased allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10705

Greenville, Jared W.; MacAulay, T. Gordon.

The use of protected areas as a fishery management tool has been suggested as a hedge against management failures and variation in harvests. A stochastic bioeconomic model of a two-species fishery will be used to test the performance of protected areas as a management tool in a fishery with heterogenous environments. Protected areas are analysed under density-dependent and sink-source dispersal relationships between environments within the fishery. The model is applied to Manning Bioregion in NSW. Protected area performance as a tool for fisheries will be analysed given the existing management arrangement. The focus of the study is placed on the biological and economic characteristics that yield benefits to the fishery.

Water Policy and Sustainability of Irrigated Farming Systems in Italy

Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Fisheries management; Bioeconomics; Marine protected areas; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q22; Q28; Q57.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25532

Bartolini, Fabio; Bazzani, Guido Maria; Gallerani, Vittorio; Raggi, Meri; Viaggi, Davide.

The objective of this paper is to provide an analysis of the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in Italy in the context of CAP reform and Water Framework Directive. The work combines scenario analysis, multicriteria mathematical programming simulation models and economic, social and environmental indicators. Five irrigated farming systems were considered: cereals, rice, fruit, vegetables and citrus. The results show the diversity of Italian irrigated farming systems and the trade-off between socio-economic and environmental performance. This highlights the need for a differentiated application of the Water Framework Directive, balancing water conservation and rural development objectives.

Using Information from Mid Term Evaluations of RDP for the Multicriteria Analysis of Agri-environmental Schemes

Palavras-chave: Water framework directive; Irrigation; Economic models; Sustainability indicators; Scenarios; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; Q25.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24518

Bartolini, Fabio; Finn, J.; Kurz, Isabelle; Samoggia, Antonella; Viaggi, Davide.

This paper discusses how environmental indicators and multicriteria methodologies can support the ex post evaluation of Agri-Environmental Schemes. The paper is based on information from the Mid term evaluation of the Rural Development Programmes and develops around an example that compares Ireland and Emilia-Romagna. The results show that the application of Agri-Environmental Schemes only partially achieves to local objectives, and the way in which the Agri-Environmental Schemes are implemented can be reasonably improved. However, the tentative analysis emphasizes the scarcity of quantitative data that can be related to effectiveness, the lack of predetermined quantitatively defined target levels of objectives and the difficulty to assess the relative...

Insecticide Use and Crop Selection: A South Dakota Case Study

Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Mid term evaluation; Multifunctional agriculture; Indicators; Multicriteria analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q1; Q18; Q2.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24738

McDonald, Tia Michelle; Keating, Ariel Ruth; Fausti, Scott W.; Li, Jing; Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Catangui, Mike.

South Dakota has recently experienced a significant increase in the proportion of acres treated with insecticide. Unfortunately, data on insecticide usage by crop at the county level is not available. The following case study seeks to uncover the reasons for this increase by analyzing county-level data in South Dakota with a fixed effects panel regression. The study links the proportion of acres planted for a specific crop to the proportion of total acres treated with insecticide. This approach provides insight on how changing cropping patterns in South Dakota have influenced insecticide use.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Insecticides; Genetically Modified Organism; Target pests; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1; Q2; Q5.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91991

BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics

Tisdell, Clement A..

This article draws mostly (but not entirely) on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow...

Welfare Measurement and Representative Consumer Theory

Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity conservation; Bounded rationality; Civil society; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; Landcare; Mixed goods; New institutional economics; New Zealand; NGOs; Principal-and-agent problem; Political acceptability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Q00; Q2; Q5; Q57; Z13.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6185

Smith, V. Kerry; von Haefen, Roger H..

This paper generalizes results from Anderson, De Palma, and Thisse [1992] linking individual random utility and aggregate representative individual demand models, to consider a comparable relation for the willingness to pay functions for quality attributes of marketed goods. It also suggests how the logic can be used to describe links between choice occasion and aggregate models (across occasions) for an individual.

State-Level Policies and Regulatory Guidance for Compliance in the Early Years of the SO2 Emission Allowance Trading Program

Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; RUM; Aggregation; Consumer/Household Economics; DG1; Q2.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10646

Lile, Ronald D.; Burtraw, Dallas.

The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 instituted a historic experiment in emission allowance trading for sulfur dioxide (SO2). A necessary requirement for evaluating this experiment is an understanding of how the cost recovery rules and other guidance given to firms by state-level public utility commissions (PUCs) and elected bodies has affected compliance behavior. From the onset of the CAAA, there has been varied response by state policy-makers toward SO2 compliance. This paper presents a compilation of these actions as they took shape in states that were affected by the SO2 program. Our primary interest is on the proposals that emerged during the embryonic years of the allowance program, from 1990 to 1993, when investment plans for utilities...

Bang for the Buck: Cost-Effective Control of Invasive Species with Different Life Histories

Palavras-chave: Clean Air Act Amendments; Sulfur dioxide; Allowance trading; Regulation; Electricity; Public utility commissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10828

Buhle, Eric; Margolis, Michael; Ruesink, Jennifer L..

Strategies for controlling invasive species can be aimed at any or all of the stages in the life cycle. In this paper we show how to combine biological data on population dynamics with simple economic data on control cost options to determine the least costly set of strategies that will halt an invasion. We then apply our methods to oyster drills (Ocinebrellus inornatus), an economically important aquaculture pest that has been accidentally introduced worldwide. If the costs of intervention were the same across life stages, extermination of adults would be an inefficient way to control species with the population dynamics characteristics of invaders. In the oyster drill case, however, efficient control targets adults because they are much easier to find.

Crop Choice, Non-Target Pest Levels, Yield Loss and Their Effect on Insecticide Use in South Dakota

Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Bioeconomics; Control strategies; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q2; Q22.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10793

McDonald, Tia Michelle; Keating, Ariel Ruth; Fausti, Scott W.; Li, Jing; Lundgren, Jonathan G..

Agriculturally, South Dakota is a unique state possessing the highest rate of adoption for genetically modified crop varieties. In 2009 ninety-six percent of corn acres planted in South Dakota were genetically modified compared with eighty-five percent nationally (Economic Research Service). Additionally, South Dakota has seen a dramatic increase in the number of acres treated with insecticide over the past 20 years. These two situations taken together seem to be counterintuitive. Some genetically modified varieties, such as Bt corn, are equipped with genetic defenses so that they can protect the plant from target pests. Intuitively, one would expect to see a decrease in insecticide use as adoption of genetically modified varieties increase. Recent...

Optimal Investment in Clean Production Capacity

Palavras-chave: Bt corn; GM crops; Insecticide; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Q1; Q2; Q5.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61427

Fischer, Carolyn; Toman, Michael; Withagen, Cees.

For the mitigation of long-term pollution threats, one must consider that both the process of environmental degradation and the switchover to new and cleaner technologies are dynamic. We develop a model of a uniform good that can be produced by either a polluting technology or a clean one; the latter is more expensive and requires investment in capacity. We derive the socially optimal pollution stock accumulation and creation of nonpolluting production capacity, weighing the tradeoffs among consumption, investment and adjustment costs, and environmental damages. We consider the effects of changes in the pollution decay rate, the capacity depreciation rate, and the initial state of the environment on both the steady state and the transition period. The...

The Effects of Trading and Banking in the SO2 Allowance Market

Palavras-chave: Pollution accumulation; Clean technology; Capacity investment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q42.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10622

Burtraw, Dallas; Mansur, Erin T..

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments initiated a dramatic reduction in emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides by electric power plants. This paper provides an evaluation of the environmental and public health consequences of the trading and banking provisions of Title IV. A sizable shift in the geographic location of emissions under Title IV (in some states of over 20 percent of emissions after Title IV is implemented) is attributable to trading and/or to banking. There has been considerable concern that this shift in emissions would cause harm to downwind areas due to long-range transport of pollution. We find the resulting change in atmospheric concentrations and deposition of pollutants, and the change in monetized health benefits, are most...

Socioeconomic Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on U.S. Water Resources

Palavras-chave: Acid rain; Sulfur dioxide; Trading; Benefit-cost analysis; Clean Air Act; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10630

Frederick, Kenneth D.; Schwarz, Gregory E..

The socioeconomic costs of floods, droughts, and water scarcity in the years 2030 and 2095 are examined under three climate scenarios: continuation of the current climate and two climate-change scenarios based on projections from the respective results of the Canadian and Hadley general circulation models. Measures of the adequacy of water supplies to meet both withdrawal and instream uses under current and future conditions are developed for the 18 major water resources regions and 99 assessment subregions in the conterminous United States. Past and likely future changes in the infrastructure available to control and distribute water, the costs of nontraditional sources of supply, water management practices, conservation opportunities, the nature of the...