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| Registros recuperados: 172 | |
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| Kondolf, G. Mathias; University of California, Berkeley; kondolf@berkeley.edu; Boulton, Andrew J.; Ecosystem Management, University of New England; aboulton@une.edu.au; O'Daniel, Scott; University of California-Santa Barbara; sodaniel@icess.ucsb.edu; Poole, Geoffrey C; Eco-metrics, Inc. and University of Georgia; gpoole@eco-metrics.com; Rahel, Frank J.; University of Wyoming; frahel@uwyo.edu; Stanley, Emily H.; University of Wisconsin; ehstanley@wisc.edu; Wohl, Ellen; Colorado State University; ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu; Carlstrom, Julia; National Board of Fisheries; julia.carlstrom@fiskeriverket.se; Cristoni, Chiara; ; c.cristoni@tiscali.it; Huber, Harald; University of Munich; harry.nat@t-online.de; Louhi, Pauliina; Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute; pauliina.louhi@rktl.fi; Nakamura, Keigo; Public Works Research Institute, Japan; knakamu@pwri.go.jp. |
| Human impacts to aquatic ecosystems often involve changes in hydrologic connectivity and flow regime. Drawing upon examples in the literature and from our experience, we developed conceptual models and used simple bivariate plots to visualize human impacts and restoration efforts in terms of connectivity and flow dynamics. Human-induced changes in longitudinal, lateral, and vertical connectivity are often accompanied by changes in flow dynamics, but in our experience restoration efforts to date have more often restored connectivity than flow dynamics. Restoration actions have included removing dams to restore fish passage, reconnecting flow through artificially cut-off side channels, setting back or breaching levees, and removing fine sediment deposits... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Connectivity; Flow dynamics; Hyporheic zone; River restoration.. |
| Ano: 2006 |
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| Helgeson, Jennifer F; London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Geography and Environment; The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment; j.helgeson@lse.ac.uk; Dietz, Simon; London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Geography and Environment; The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment; s.dietz@lse.ac.uk; Hochrainer-Stigler, Stefan; IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; hochrain@iiasa.ac.at. |
| When a natural disaster hits, the affected households try to cope with its impacts. A variety of coping strategies, from reducing current consumption to disposing of productive assets, may be employed. The latter strategies are especially worrisome because they may reduce the capacity of the household to generate income in the future, possibly leading to chronic poverty. We used the results of a household survey in rural Uganda to ask, first, what coping strategies would tend to be employed in the event of a weather disaster, second, given that multiple strategies can be chosen, in what combinations would they tend to be employed, and, third, given that asset-liquidation strategies can be particularly harmful for the future income prospects of households,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Coping strategies; Covariate risk; Education; Extreme weather; Poverty trap; Small-scale farming; Uganda; Vulnerability. |
| Ano: 2013 |
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| Thrush, Simon F; Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; simon.thrush@auckland.ac.nz; Lewis, Nick; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; n.lewis@auckland.ac.nz; Le Heron, Richard; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; r.leheron@auckland.ac.nz; Fisher, Karen T; School of Environment, The University of Auckland; k.fisher@auckland.ac.nz; Lundquist, Carolyn J; Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand; carolyn.lundquist@niwa.co.nz; Hewitt, Judi; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand; Judi.Hewitt@niwa.co.nz. |
| On an increasingly populated planet, with decreasing biodiversity and limited new opportunities to tap unexploited natural resources, there is a clear need to adjust aspects of marine management and governance. Although sectarian management has succeeded in addressing and managing some important threats to marine ecosystems, unintended consequences are often associated with overlooking nonlinear interactions and cumulative impacts that increase the risk of surprises in social-ecological systems. In this paper, we begin to untangle science-governance-society (SGS) interdependencies in marine systems by considering how to recognize the risk of surprise in social and ecological dynamics. Equally important is drawing attention to our state of preparedness,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Governance; Management; Marine ecosystems; Regime shift; Resilience; Science; Society. |
| Ano: 2016 |
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| The increasing number of deteriorating old dams that need renovation or have lost their function make dam removal a viable management option. There are at least four major reasons for dam removal: safety, law and policy, economy, and ecology. Here we discuss 17 Swedish dams that were recently considered for removal. Because dam removal usually causes controversy, dam removal initiatives may succeed, fail, or result in a compromise such as a bypass channel for migrating fish. We identify and discuss three major obstructions to dam removal: funding, cultural-historical values, and threatened species. To facilitate dam removal, the reasons for, and the effects of, dam removal must be carefully explained, and the public and stakeholders must be kept... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Controversies; Dam removal; Information; Obstructions; Reservoirs; Rivers; Stakeholder involvement; Sweden. |
| Ano: 2009 |
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| Coulthard, Sarah; University of Ulster; s.coulthard@ulster.ac.uk. |
| In the midst of a global fisheries crisis, there has been great interest in the fostering of adaptation and resilience in fisheries, as a means to reduce vulnerability and improve the capacity of fishing society to adapt to change. However, enhanced resilience does not automatically result in improved well-being of people, and adaptation strategies are riddled with difficult choices, or trade-offs, that people must negotiate. This paper uses the context of fisheries to explore some apparent tensions between adapting to change on the one hand, and the pursuit of well-being on the other, and illustrates that trade-offs can operate at different levels of scale. It argues that policies that seek to support fisheries resilience need to be built on a better... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agency; Fisheries; Resilience. |
| Ano: 2012 |
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| Olsson, Per; Stockholm University; per@ctm.su.se; Gunderson, Lance H; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Carpenter, Steve R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Ryan, Paul; CSIRO; Paul.Ryan@csiro.au; Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University; louis@sea-user.org; Folke, Carl; Center for Transdisciplinary Environmental Research; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu. |
| The case studies of Kristianstads Vattenrike, Sweden; the Northern Highlands Lake District and the Everglades in the USA; the Mae Nam Ping Basin, Thailand; and the Goulburn-Broken Catchment, Australia, were compared to assess the outcome of different actions for transforming social-ecological systems (SESs). The transformations consisted of two phases, a preparation phase and a transition phase, linked by a window of opportunity. Key leaders and shadow networks can prepare a system for change by exploring alternative system configurations and developing strategies for choosing from among possible futures. Key leaders can recognize and use or create windows of opportunity and navigate transitions toward adaptive governance. Leadership functions include the... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Social-ecological systems; Adaptive governance; Transformability; Shadow networks; Leadership; Resilience. |
| Ano: 2006 |
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| Biggs, Reinette; University of Wisconsin; biggs@wisc.edu; Raudsepp-Hearne, Ciara; McGill University; ciara.rh@gmail.com; Atkinson-Palombo, Carol; Arizona State University; cmatkin@mainex1.asu.edu; Bohensky, Erin; University of Pretoria; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; erin.bohensky@csiro.au; Boyd, Emily; Stockholm University; boyd@ctm.su.se; Cundill, Georgina; Rhodes University; g.cundill@ru.ac.za; Fox, Helen; World Wildlife Fund; helen.fox@wwfus.org; Ingram, Scott; Arizona State University; singram@asu.edu; Kok, Kasper; Wageningen University; kasper.kok@wur.nl; Spehar, Stephanie; New York University; stephanie.spehar@gmail.com; Timmer, Dagmar; Resourceful Solutions Consulting; timmer.dagmar@gmail.com; Zurek, Monika; FAO; monika.zurek@fao.org. |
| Scenario analysis is a useful tool for exploring key uncertainties that may shape the future of social-ecological systems. This paper explores the methods, costs, and benefits of developing and linking scenarios of social-ecological systems across multiple spatial scales. Drawing largely on experiences in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, we suggest that the desired degree of cross-scale linkage depends on the primary aim of the scenario exercise. Loosely linked multiscale scenarios appear more appropriate when the primary aim is to engage in exploratory dialog with stakeholders. Tightly coupled cross-scale scenarios seem to work best when the main objective is to further our understanding of cross-scale interactions or to assess trade-offs between... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Multiscale scenarios; Cross-scale scenarios; Stakeholder engagement; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Environmental assessment; Scenario analysis. |
| Ano: 2007 |
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| Sandin, Leonard; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; leonard.sandin@slu.se; Allen, Craig R; University of Nebraska; allencr@unl.edu; Angeler, David G; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; david.angeler@slu.se. |
| The distribution of functional traits within and across spatiotemporal scales has been used to quantify and infer the relative resilience across ecosystems. We use explicit spatial modeling to evaluate within- and cross-scale redundancy in headwater streams, an ecosystem type with a hierarchical and dendritic network structure. We assessed the cross-scale distribution of functional feeding groups of benthic invertebrates in Swedish headwater streams during two seasons. We evaluated functional metrics, i.e., Shannon diversity, richness, and evenness, and the degree of redundancy within and across modeled spatial scales for individual feeding groups. We also estimated the correlates of environmental versus spatial factors of both functional composition and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Cross-scale resilience; Functional feeding groups; Invertebrates; Local and regional determinants; River ecosystems; Spatial modeling. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| Thomsen, Dana C; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; dthomsen@usc.edu.au; Smith, Timothy F; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; tim.smith@usc.edu.au; Keys, Noni; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; nkeys@usc.edu.au. |
| Adaptation is a key feature of sustainable social–ecological systems. As societies traverse various temporal and spatial scales, they are exposed to differing contexts and precursors for adaptation. A cursory view of the response to these differing contexts and precursors suggests the particular ability of persistent societies to adapt to changing circumstances. Yet a closer examination into the meaning of adaptation and its relationship to concepts of resilience, vulnerability, and sustainability illustrates that, in many cases, societies actually manipulate their social–ecological contexts rather than adapt to them. It could be argued that manipulative behaviors are a subset of a broader suite of adaptive behaviors; however, this... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Learning; Manipulation; Path dependency; Resilience. |
| Ano: 2012 |
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| Gunn, Anne; ; gunnan@telus.net; Russell, Don; ; don.russell@ec.gc.ca; Greig, Lorne; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; lgreig@essa.com. |
| Globally, many migratory mammals are facing threats. In northern Canada, large annual ranges expose migratory caribou to an array of human activities, including industrial exploration and development. Recognition that responses to human activities can accumulate for caribou is long-standing, but is heightened by recent declines in caribou abundance. For example, since the mid-1990s, the Bathurst herd has declined by approximately 90%, leading to severe harvest restrictions. More mines are being proposed and developed across the herd’s annual range, raising questions about cumulative effects. Despite progress on assessment techniques, aboriginal groups are expressing strong concerns and frustration about gaps in responsibilities for who should... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Arctic Canada; Cumulative effects; Migratory caribou; Mitigation; Monitoring. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| Noe, Egon; Aarhus University; Egon.Noe@agrsci.dk. |
| Assessing the overall effects of organic food systems is important, but also a challenge because organic food systems cannot be fully assessed from one single research perspective. The aim of our research was to determine the role of values in assessments of organic food systems as a basis for discussing the implications of combining multiple perspectives in overall sustainability assessments of the food system. We explored how values were embedded in five research perspectives: (1) food science, (2) discourse analysis, (3) phenomenology, (4) neoclassical welfare economics, and (5) actor-network theory. Value has various meanings according to different scientific perspectives. A strategy for including and balancing different forms of knowledge in overall... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Food networks; Multicriteria assessment; Organic farming; Values. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| Elmhagen, Bodil; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; bodil.elmhagen@zoologi.su.se; Destouni, Georgia; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University, Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research; georgia.destouni@natgeo.su.se; Boyd, Emily; Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre; University of Reading, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences; emily.boyd@reading.ac.uk; Cousins, Sara A. O.; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; sara.cousins@natgeo.su.se; Ermold, Matti; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; matti.ermold@natgeo.su.se; Hedlund, Johanna; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; johanna.hedlund@zoologi.su.se; Hylander, Kristoffer; Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; kristoffer.hylander@su.se; Jaramillo, Fernando; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; fernando.jaramillo@natgeo.su.se; Lagerholm, Vendela K; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics; vendela.kempe@nrm.se; Lyon, Steve W; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University, Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research; steve.lyon@natgeo.su.se; Moor, Helen; Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre; helen.moor@stockholmresilience.su.se; Pasanen-Mortensen, Marianne; Stockholm University, Department of Zoology; marianne.mortensen@zoologi.su.se; Plue, Jan; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; jan.plue@natgeo.su.se; Prieto, Carmen; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; carmen.prieto@natgeo.su.se; van der Velde, Ype; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; Wageningen University, Department of Soil Geography and Landscape; ype.vandervelde@wur.nl; Lindborg, Regina; Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography; regina.lindborg@natgeo.su.se. |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Governance; Historical ecology; Landscape management; Scale mismatch; Social-ecological systems. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Winder, Nick; Newcastle University; Nick.Winder@ncl.ac.uk. |
| The culture trap is the tendency to put cultural markers and habits above the demands of reason or compassion. It can reduce receptivity to new ideas and trigger Phoenix Cycles of catastrophe and renaissance. System research is then complicated by the historiographic problem of continuity and change, because there are no objective criteria for deciding whether "the system" survived or was destroyed by the catastrophe. This paper explores the differences between uncertainty emergence and self-organizing emergence using the concept of a "possibility space" to clarify the relationship between anti-causal events and causal states, i.e., the meso-history of conjuncture. Conjunctures are interpreted ex post in the context of deep time. The paper distinguishes... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive potential; Cultural ecodynamics; Complex adaptive systems; Innovation; Metastability; Resilience.. |
| Ano: 2007 |
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| Registros recuperados: 172 | |
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