|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 15,599 | |
|
|
| Gilligan, C.A.; Claessen, D.; Van den Bosch, F.. |
| Many of the pressing questions about whether or not to release a genetically modified crop can be resolved into population-dynamics questions concerning invasion and persistence of the transgenic crop itself, or of hybrids with other crops and wild relatives. Progress in assessing risk demands a coherent theoretical framework within which questions such as the reversibility of breakdown in pest resistance or ‘escape’ of herbicide-tolerance genes can be phrased and tested. Here we begin to sketch out a framework that provides some answers while taking account of the inherent spatial and temporal variability of agricultural and semi-natural systems. After a brief summary of the risks associated with the deployment of novel crop varieties, we define what we... |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/920 |
| |
|
|
| Schrader, G.. |
| Invasive alien plants can pose serious threats to cultivated and wild plants. This provides the basis to regulate them as ‘plant pests’ within the framework of plant health. To assess if a regulation would be appropriate, necessary and effective, and to identify available options for measures to reduce a possible risk, the revised International Standard on Phytosanitary Measures No. 11, “Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms” by the International Plant Protection Convention or the more operational decision support scheme for pest risk analysis by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation, present useful tools. One of the challenges to assess the risks of alien... |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/1289 |
| |
|
|
| Alexander, D.J.. |
| The current OIE and EU definitions of avian influenza (AI) to which control measures or trade restrictions should apply were both drafted over 10 years ago. These were aimed at including viruses that were overtly virulent in in-vivo tests and those that had the potential to become virulent. At that time the only virus known to have mutated to virulence was the one responsible for the 1983/84 Pennsylvania epizootic. The mechanism involved has not been seen in other viruses, but the definition set a precedent for statutory control of potentially pathogenic as well as overtly virulent viruses. Evidence accumulated to date indicates that HPAI viruses arise from LPAI H5 or H7 viruses infecting chickens and turkeys sometime after spread from free-living birds.... |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/1028 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Gimnig, J.E.; Hightower, A.W.; Hawley, W.A.. |
| Geographic information systems (GIS) are powerful computer mapping and analysis systems for studying spatial patterns and processes; they are applicable to numerous disciplines, including the study of mosquito ecology. The distribution of mosquitoes is largely dependent upon the spatial distribution of their larval breeding sites, their flight range and the spatial distribution of their preferred hosts. These are all heterogeneous in space and time and GIS therefore has many potential applications to the study of mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit. GIS may be used to map and analyse the spatial distribution of mosquitoes and to assess the ecological factors that contribute to observed distributions. A detailed understanding of what drives... |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/958 |
| |
|
|
| Hellegers, P.; Schoengold, K.; Zilberman, D.. |
| Water allocations as well as water quality and health concerns are often due to inadequate policies and institutions, which pose major challenges for policy reform. The necessary ingredients of such reform include four elements: rules to improve the decision-making process about water projects, principles to improve water allocation, incentives for water conservation, and incentives to improve water quality. The paper shows that improved policies and incentives can address many of the global water problems and lead to environmental sustainability while addressing distributional issues. Some of the reforms may hurt the poor in the short run through higher water prices, but may provide them better access to water and reduce the toll of unsustainable water... |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/1574 |
| |
|
|
| Curtis, C.F.. |
| The idea of genetic control of insect pests and vectors was invented independently three times in the 1930s-40s. Results with releases of radiation-sterilized male tsetse have been encouraging. Much work was done in the 1970s on mosquitoes with sterile males and systems that could potentially be used for gene driving. Chemosterilized Anopheles separated from females by a genetic sexing system was successfully released in El Salvador. In India chemosterilization, cytoplasmic incompatibility, translocations and meiotic drive were tested with culicine mosquitoes in field cages, for mating competitiveness in the field and in some cases in village-wide release trials. However, a town-wide eradication attempt with Aedes aegypti was stopped due to spurious claims... |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/1183 |
| |
|
|
| Louis, C.. |
| This paper summarizes the gains expected for vector entomology from the acquisition of the genome sequence of disease-transmitting arthropods. The results of this kind of high-throughput science, especially the direct consequences that could be summarily described as post-genomic activities, may lead to a better understanding of the biology of the vectors, including population studies, interactions with the disease agents and, finally, the direct development of tools, biological or bioinformaticsbased, to be used in their control |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/1184 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Knols, B.G.J.; Njiru, B.N.; Mukabana, R.W.; Mathenge, E.M.; Killeen, G.F.. |
| Recent successful genetic transformation of disease-transmitting insects has fuelled enthusiasm towards its potential application for disease control in the future. However, advances to date have been confined to laboratory settings and many questions relating to the fitness, behaviour, ecology and phenotypic characteristics of transformed insects remain unanswered. Spread of desired traits, such as refractoriness to Plasmodium infection, will depend on the reproductive fitness and manifestation of life-history behaviours, such as dispersal and mating, by engineered specimens. These should preferably be similar to those displayed by their wild conspecifics but may be compromised by genetic modification and difficult to assess realistically under standard... |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/843 |
| |
|
|
| Silbernagel, J.. |
| Land patterns are beautiful, fascinating, dynamic, and significant to so many life processes. Capacity to understand landscape patterns can arise from very different paradigms; i) through the fine arts, an ability to see patterns; ii) from language arts, the gift to read and describe the landscape; iii) from the geographic sciences, the ability to map, measure, and interpret patterns; and iv) from environmental design, the drive to integrate the above capacities. Under many circumstances, landscape studies or conservation could be enhanced using multiple approaches to capture the complex dynamics of people and land in a holistic framework. Long-held paradigms about how knowledge is acquired and applied in the ecological sciences may be trespassed. Linking... |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/1108 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Elings, M.; Hassink, J.. |
| Farming for Health is a growing phenomenon in The Netherlands. The most significant exponent is the Green Care farm. The number of Green Care farms has increased from 75 in 1998 to 430 in 2004. Different target groups make use of Green Care farms: clients with a mental disability, with psychiatric problems, elderly (with dementia), clients with an addiction history, people with burn-out, children and long-term unemployed persons. In urban areas the health-promoting qualities of city farms, community and allotment gardens and healing gardens is getting more attention. The experiences of different target groups on Green Care farms and on urban green locations are positive. The farm or green environment can improve physical, social and psychic health. The... |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/1266 |
| |
|
|
| Koella, J.C.. |
| Mosquitoes that are genetically manipulated to encapsulate the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are being considered a possible method to control malaria. Hopes for this have been raised by the identification of genes involved in the mosquito’s encapsulation response and by advances in the tools required to transform mosquitoes. But will such genes be able to spread in natural populations? What will their impact be on the epidemiology of the disease? This article attempts to give answers to these questions by reviewing some of theoretical and empirical considerations underlying the evolutionary epidemiology of genetic manipulation and refractoriness |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/848 |
| |
|
|
| Van Donk, E.. |
| The structure of aquatic ecosystems is determined by complex interactions among individual organisms at different trophic levels. Although our basic understanding of how top-down and bottom-up processes interact to determine food-web dynamics has advanced, we still lack insights into how complex interactions and feedbacks affect the dynamics and structure of food webs. It is now becoming increasingly clear that, in addition to energy transfer from one trophic level to the other, there is exchange of information between these levels, facilitated by the release of infochemicals by the organisms. There is evidence from recent studies that the exchange of chemical information in freshwater ecosystems is likely to play a decisive role in shaping structure and... |
| Tipo: Conference proceedings |
|
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://library.wur.nl/ojs/index.php/frontis/article/view/1215 |
| |
|
| |
| Registros recuperados: 15,599 | |
|
|
|
