SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Beghin, John C.; Roland-Holst, David W.; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique.

The next three-year World Trade Organization round has been set in motion by recent negotiations in Doha, Qatar. Among the most contentious issues in that meeting, and probably over the course of the next round, is direct and indirect producer support for agricultural exporters in the North and forgone production, employment, and trading opportunities for farmers in the South. Our results indicate that real commitments to reduce agricultural support in high-income countries will induce substantial changes in world food prices and domestic agricultural rates of return and output and will cause dramatic shifts in agricultural trade patterns. Total trade expands and real output, wages, and incomes in developing countries, especially among the rural poor,...

Challenges in Modeling the Effects of Trade Agreements on the Agricultural Sector

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18411

Westhoff, Patrick C.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Beghin, John C.; Meyers, William H..

Major issues and challenges encountered in modeling and analyzing agricultural and trade policy reforms are reviewed. We focus on modeling approach and pay special attention to the type and scope of models, calibration of a realistic baseline scenario, representation of the reform agreement, use of extramodel information, choice of metrics to measure reform impacts, and emerging issues in policy modeling. Existing solutions and unresolved issues are examined. We stress the complementarity of various modeling approaches in assessing policy reforms and the importance of helping users understand the limitations of the chosen approach.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Economic modeling; Trade agreements; Q17; Q18; F13.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43385

POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF TEXTILE TRADE MANAGEMENT AND THE U.S. COTTON INDUSTRY

Shui, Shangnan; Wohlgenant, Michael K.; Beghin, John C..

This study investigates the effects on the U.S. cotton industry of textile trade liberalization using a multi-market equilibrium displacement model. The simulation results suggest that textile trade liberalization would induce small changes in the total demand for U.S. cotton but would affect considerable y U.S. cotton demand structure, making U. S, cotton growers more dependent on world markets. The welfare analyses reveal that textile trade liberalization would result in a small welfare loss for U, S. cotton producers. As expected, textile trade liberalization also would lead to considerable substitution of imports for domestic production and substantial declines in prices of all textile products.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1993

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31634

IMPLEMENTING TARIFF RATE QUOTAS IN CGE MODELS: AN APPLICATION TO SUGAR TRADE POLICIES IN OECD COUNTRIES

van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique; Beghin, John C.; Mitchell, Don.

We use Mixed-Complementarity-Problem programming to implement tariff rate quotas (TRQ) in the global CGE LINKAGE model. We apply the approach to tariff rate quotas in sugar markets in OECD countries. We calibrate the model on 2000 policy levels for OECD countries to reflect the full implementation of their World Trade Organization commitments. We look at reforms of TRQ and TRQ-like schemes in the EU, the United States, and Japan, as well as multilateral trade liberalization. We derive the impact of reforms on welfare, bilateral trade flows, and terms of trade. A 33-percent multilateral decrease of ad-valorem tariffs, combined with a 33-percent increase in imports under TRQ-like schemes in the EU, the United States, and Japan, induces a global welfare gain...

CHINA'S ACCESSION TO THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: IMPACT ON AGRICULTURAL MARKETS

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22098

Fuller, Frank H.; Beghin, John C.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Fang, Cheng; de Cara, Stephane; Matthey, Holger.

We analyze the impact of China's accession to the WTO on agricultural markets using the FAPRI modeling framework. Our analysis includes major crops, livestock sectors, and exogenous changes in consumer income, expanded textile production, and policies. Chinese livestock, grain and oilseed crushing industries experience lower revenues, while cotton production prospers with accession, despite increased cotton imports. Most food prices decrease with accession. Chinese consumers benefit from these lower prices, with vegetable oil, dairy and meat consumption increasing significantly. The increase in world agricultural trade with China benefits Argentina (soy meal and oil); Brazil (soy oil and poultry); Canada (pork); the EU (pork); and the United states (pork,...

Dairy Markets in Asia: An Overview of Recent Findings and Implications

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20619

Beghin, John C..

This paper is an overview of important findings regarding the ongoing evolution of Asian dairy markets based on a series of new economic investigations. These investigations provide systematic empirical foundations for assessing Asian dairy markets with their new consumption patterns, changing industries, and trade prospects under different domestic and trade policy regimes. The findings are drawn from four case studies (China, India, Japan, and Korea), as well as a prospective analysis of future regional patterns of consumption and a policy analysis of trade liberalization of Asian dairy markets. The overview distills the findings of these new investigations and integrates them in the earlier economic literature; it draws policy implications and...

The Impact of the European Enlargement and Common Agricultural Policy Reforms on Agricultural Markets: Much Ado about Nothing?

Palavras-chave: Asia; China; Dairy; India; Japan; Korea; Liberalization; Trade integration; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18303

Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Beghin, John C.; Dong, Fengxia; Elobeid, Amani E.; Fuller, Frank H.; Matthey, Holger; Tokgoz, Simla; Wailes, Eric J..

Following a historical agreement on the EU enlargement, 10 new member states (NMS) acceded to the European Union on May 1, 2004. Although the European Union has expanded its membership in the past, this enlargement is unique in terms of its scope and diversity of the countries, area, and population involved. Thus, the effects of the EU enlargement on current and future member countries and on world commodity markets require careful consideration as the European Union is a major player in these markets. We analyze the effects of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform and enlargement on the EU-15, the NMS, and world agricultural markets. We compare three 10-year comprehensive agricultural outlook scenarios. In a "pre-enlargement" scenario, all...

Tariff Equivalent of Technical Barriers to Trade with Imperfect Substitution and Trade Costs

Palavras-chave: CAP reform; Common Agricultural Policy; EU enlargement; European agriculture; New Member States; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18393

Yue, Chengyan; Beghin, John C.; Jensen, Helen H..

The price-wedge method yields a tariff-equivalent estimate of technical barriers to trade (TBT). An extension of this method accounts for imperfect substitution between domestic and imported goods and incorporates recent findings on trade costs. We explore the sensitivity of this revamped tariff equivalent estimate to its determinants (substitution elasticity, preference for home good, trade cost, and the reference data chosen). We use the approach to investigate the ongoing U.S.-Japan apple trade dispute and find that removing the Japanese TBT would yield limited export gains to the United States. We then draw policy implications of our findings.

IMPACTS OF FEDERAL SUPPORT PROGRAMS FOR SUGAR AND PEANUTS COMPARED TO CORN AND WHEAT ON U.S. AND WORLD MARKETS

Palavras-chave: SPS; WTO; Technical barriers; Japan; Trade cost; International Relations/Trade; F1; F18; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24765

Mohanty, Samarendu; Beghin, John C.; Kaus, Phillip J..

This study examines the impacts of federal support programs for sugar, peanuts, corn and wheat on U.S. and world markets, using a multi-country, multi-commodity, partial equilibrium world agricultural model. A five-year baseline projection is developed assuming past policy will continue. Four policy reform scenarios are then conducted. Each scenario considers the removal of federal programs such as loan rate, loan deficiency payments and other trade restrictions for each commodity (sugar, peanuts, corn and wheat). A fifth, and last, scenario looks at the impact of jointly eliminating the wheat and corn support programs. Federal programs appear to have the maximum impacts on the sugar market, followed by the peanut market. As compared to sugar and peanuts,...

Global Prospects for Dairy in Argentina and Chile: Evidence from Field Visits and Model Simulations

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20610

Fuller, Frank H.; Beghin, John C.; Boland, Michael A.; Babcock, Bruce A.; Foster, William E..

We assess the international competitiveness of the dairy industries in Argentina and Chile, combining recent market intelligence gathered from field visits with quantitative simulations of global policy reform scenarios. Both countries exhibit strong potential for export growth but face significant internal and external barriers to expanding their dairy industries. Global policy reforms would resolve some of the international obstacles to their expansion. Argentina has great potential, but it is handicapped by its current macroeconomic policies, trade policy distortions, and the uncertainty associated with policy implementation. Chile is more limited in terms of natural capacity for expansion, but it has a positive trade and investment environment.

AJAE Appendix: Tariff Equivalent of Technical Barriers to Trade with Imperfect Substitution and Trade Costs

Palavras-chave: Argentina; Agricultural trade policy; Chile; Comparative advantage; Competitiveness; Dairy processing; Exports; Milk production; Production Economics; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18708

Yue, Chengyan; Beghin, John C.; Jensen, Helen H..

The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 88, Number 4, November 2006.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7396

MODELING WORLD PEANUT PRODUCT MARKETS: A TOOL FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY ANALYSIS

Beghin, John C.; Matthey, Holger.

This paper presents a new partial-equilibrium, multi-market international model developed to analyze policies affecting peanut products markets. The model covers four goods (food-quality peanuts, crush-quality peanuts, peanut oil, and groundnut cake) in 13 countries/regions (Argentina, Canada, China, the EU-15, the Gambia, India, Malawi, Mexico, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, the United States, and Rest of World). Welfare is evaluated by looking at consumers' equivalent variation, quasi-profits in farming (peanut farming, livestock), quasi-profits in crushing, and taxpayers' revenues and outlays implied by distortions. We calibrate the model for three recent years (1999/2000, 2000/01, and 2001/02) on historical data. We illustrate the model's...

A Primer on US Sugar in the 2007 US Farm Bill

Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade policy analysis; Crush; Doha; Groundnut; Model; Oil; Peanuts; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18618

Beghin, John C..

This background paper is devoted to US sugar policy. A first section describes the features and economics of the US sugar program; a second section is devoted to the welfare and trade effects of the US sugar program; and a final section reports on potential emerging reforms, their expected effects, and implications. Beyond well-established findings on the social cost and inefficiency of the US sugar program, the main findings of this paper are as follows. The current sugar program is becoming unsustainable because sugar imports are progressively creeping into the US market through regional trade agreements, eventually inducing large sugar inventories, or contracting domestic production to unpalatable low levels in order to maintain high internal prices....

Food Self-Sufficiency, Comparative Advantage, and Agricultural Trade: A Policy Analysis Matrix for Chinese Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Dispute; HFCS; NAFTA; Sugar; Sugar program; Sweetener; Trade; TRQ; US farm bill; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9374

Fang, Cheng; Beghin, John C..

We assess the comparative advantage and protection of China's major agricultural crops using a modified Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) and 1996 to 1998 data. We consider the following commodities: early indica rice, late indica rice, japonica rice, south wheat, north wheat, south corn, north corn, sorghum, soybean, rapeseed, cotton, tobacco, sugarcane, and a subset of fruits and vegetables. Consistent with the intuition of the simple Heckscher-Ohlin model, the results strongly suggest that China has a comparative advantage in labor-intensive crops, and a disadvantage in land-intensive crops. Specifically, land-intensive grain and oilseed crops are less socially profitable than fruits and vegetables. Within the grain sector, high quality rice and high quality...

Taxing Sweets: Sweetener Input Tax or Final Consumption Tax?

Palavras-chave: China; Agriculture; Comparative advantage; Protection; DRC; EPC; Agricultural trade; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18422

Miao, Zhen; Beghin, John C.; Jensen, Helen H..

In order to reduce obesity and associated costs, policymakers are considering various policies, including taxes, to change consumers’ high-calorie consumption habits. We investigate two tax policies aimed at reducing added sweetener consumption. Both a consumption tax on sweet goods and a sweetener input tax can reach the same policy target of reducing added sweetener consumption. Both tax instruments are regressive, but the associated surplus losses are limited. The tax on sweetener inputs targets sweeteners directly and causes about five times less surplus loss than the final consumption tax. Previous analyses have overlooked this important point.

China's Accession to the WTO: What Is at Stake for Agricultural Markets?

Palavras-chave: Added sweeteners; Consumption tax; Demand; Health policy; Soda tax; Sugar.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92989

Fuller, Frank H.; Beghin, John C.; de Cara, Stephane; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Fang, Cheng; Matthey, Holger.

We analyze the impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization on major crop and livestock markets using the FAPRI modeling framework. We incorporate expected changes in consumer income, textile production, and trade policies as exogenous shocks to the baseline model. Following accession, revenues decline in China's livestock, grain, and oilseed industries, while cotton production prospers despite increased cotton imports. Chinese consumers benefit from lower food prices, with vegetable oil, dairy, and meat consumption increasing significantly. Argentina, Brazil, Canada, the European Union, and the United States are the greatest beneficiaries from expanded agricultural trade with China.

CHINA'S DAIRY MARKET: CONSUMER DEMAND SURVEY AND SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS

Palavras-chave: Accession; Agricultural trade; China; Policy analysis; Simulation models; Trade liberalization; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18522

Fuller, Frank H.; Beghin, John C.; Hu, Dinghuan; Rozelle, Scott.

This report documents data and other information gathered from a survey of urban households in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, China. The survey was conducted as part of a research project aimed at understanding the evolution of dairy markets in Asia and the implications for dairy product trade. The survey data provide insights into the purchasing behavior and attitudes of urban consumers in China with respect to dairy products. The report describes the survey and collection process, summarizes selected data from the survey, and provides anecdotal information about the development of dairy production, processing, and product marketing in China.

Tariff Escalation and Invasive Species Risk

Palavras-chave: China; Dairy products; Demand; Production; Supply chain; Survey data; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18680

Tu, Anh Thuy; Beghin, John C.; Gozlan, Estelle.

We investigate the interface between trade and invasive species (IS) risk, focusing on the existing tariff escalation in agro-forestry product markets and its implication for IS risk. Tariff escalation in processed agro-forestry products exacerbates the risk of IS by biasing trade flows toward increased trade of primary commodity flows and against processed-product trade. We show that reducing tariff escalation by lowering the tariff on processed goods increases allocative efficiency and reduces the IS externality, a win-win situation. We also identify policy menus for trade reforms involving tariffs on both raw input and processed goods, leading to win-win situations.

Palavras-chave: Agro-forestry products; Exotic pest; International trade; Invasive species; Tariff escalation; Trade flows; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18377

Nontariff Barriers

Beghin, John C..

Nontariff barriers (NTBs) refer to the wide range of policy interventions other than border tariffs that affect trade of goods, services, and factors of production. Most taxonomies of NTBs include market-specific trade and domestic policies affecting trade in that market. Extended taxonomies include macro-economic policies affecting trade. NTBs have gained importance as tariff levels have been reduced worldwide. Common measures of NTBs include tariff-equivalents of the NTB policy or policies and count and frequency measures of NTBs. These NTB measures are subsequently used in various trade models, including gravity equations, to assess trade and/or welfare effects of the measured NTBs.