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| Registros recuperados: 71 | |
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| Smale, Melinda; Diakite, Lamissa; Dembele, Brahima; Traore, Issa Seni; Guindo, Oumar; Konta, Bourema. |
| In Mali, liberalization of seed markets for sorghum and millet, the staple food crops, has not advanced at the same rate or with the same measurable success as liberalization of grain markets. Most seed of these crops is uncertified and continues to be supplied to farmers by farmers, according to clan and ethno-linguistic group. After poor harvests or when replanting after a dry spell, farmers rely on local markets for grain as sources of seed. This paper summarizes the findings of a vendor survey conducted in two marketsheds during weekly fairs. No certified seed is sold. Almost all vendors are women who are also farmers. Variety integrity is maintained particularly for millet seed in the marketshed of the Sahelian zone, where the range of variety... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Informal sector; Seed markets; Traders; Landraces; Millet; Sorghum; Women; Mali; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42352 |
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| Nagarajan, Latha; Audi, Patrick; Jones, Richard; Smale, Melinda. |
| Over the last two decades, several seed-related programs have been initiated in eastern Kenya to improve farmers’ access to quality seeds of dryland cereals and legumes. They are provided during two occasions, regular and emergency times. But very often, the formal supply mechanisms limit their role in provision of seeds other than maize. In the absence of any formalized systems of seed provision for other dryland crops, such as sorghum and pigeon pea, farmers have preferred local markets for their seed needs, especially during distress periods. Here we have examined the role of various seed-intervention programs in eastern Kenya, along with the strengths and weaknesses of each program. We have also underscored the importance of local markets and their... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Seed interventions; Local markets; Seed systems; Dry lands; Seed access; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42361 |
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| Horna, J. Daniela; Smale, Melinda; Al-Hassan, Ramatu M.; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Timpo, Samuel E.. |
| Tomato, cabbage and garden egg (African eggplant, or Solanum Aethiopicum) are important crops for small-scale farmers and migrants in the rural and peri-urban areas of Ghana. Genetic modification (GM) has the potential to alleviate poverty through combating yield losses from pests and diseases in these crops, while reducing health risks from application of hazardous chemicals. This ex-ante study uses farm survey data to gauge the potential for adoption of genetically-engineered varieties, estimate the potential impact of adoption on farm profits, and highlight economic differences among the three crops. Farmer's expenditures on insecticides are below the economic optimum in all three crops, and the estimated function for damage abatement shows that... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6506 |
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| Smale, Melinda. |
| This paper discusses the centers of origin and diversity for bread wheat; sketches historical patterns in the sources and use of wheat genetic resources in modern plant breeding; identifies and compares indicators of genetic diversity used by social and biological scientists; reviews the relationship of wheat genetic diversity to yield stability and vulnerability to disease; develops a profile of the structure of genetic variation in wheat in the developing world today; and investigates how scientific plant breeding has influenced the structure of genetic variation among the major bread wheats grown in developing countries. Modern plant breeding appears to have contributed to genetic variation in several ways. The number of different landraces in pedigrees... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7670 |
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| Smale, Melinda; Jayne, Thomas S.. |
| This synthesis revisits the "maize success story" in Sub-Saharan Africa, drawing selectively from an extensive published literature about maize seed technical change and related policies. The review focuses on the countries of Kenya, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi, where maize is most important in the food economy, and refers to the period when maize became a dominant food crop through the 1990s. The term "success" is equivocal in this case, both because of the difficult of establishing the appropriate counterfactual and because some of the policies that contributed to success in one period later led to decline. While the "seeds" themselves were the result of innovative, successful maize breeding, boom periods in maize production were episodic and the public... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Maize; Seed technical change; Sub-Saharan Africa; Food policies; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16081 |
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| Registros recuperados: 71 | |
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