SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Deuss, Annelies.

Concepts, applications, and extensions of value chain analysis to livestock systems in developing countries

Palavras-chave: Brazil; Sugarcane expansion; Economic growth; Propensity score; Ethanol; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C14; C21; O13; R13.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103564

Rich, Karl M.; Baker, Derek; Negassa, Asfaw; Ross, R. Brent.

The analysis of value chains has augmented our knowledge on the complexities, inter-linkages, distributional benefits, and institutional arrangements of production and marketing channels in developing countries. However, the analysis remains relatively qualitative and case-specific, with limited ability to rank or assess the impact of alternative interventions or to analyze sufficiently the complex market dynamics and feedbacks present in livestock systems. This paper offers insights on ways to improve the analytical rigor of the value chain methodology that combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches.

Market Information Systems in Sub-Sahara Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

Palavras-chave: Value chain; Livestock; Developing countries; Livestock Production/Industries; I32; O13; O17; O21; Q13; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51922

Tollens, Eric.

The paper deals with the emergence and rise of market information systems in sub-Sahara Africa as a result of economic liberalization. There has already been an evolution is such systems and no particular system dominates. Various types of market information systems exist today, public or private, all or not linked to a commodity exchange. The rationale of a commodity exchange is discussed, linked to a market information system. They all struggle with problems of sustainable financing. Very few if any good impact studies exist on such systems, demonstrating their effects on market transparency, information asymmetry, the bargaining power of poor farmers and their market access. Dissemination of the information, using traditional (radio) or modern (ICT)...

Trade and Geography in the Economic Origins of Islam: Theory and Evidence

Palavras-chave: Marketing; Q13; Q18; O13; O17; H41.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25590

Michalopoulos, Stelios; Naghavi, Alireza; Prarolo, Giovanni.

This research examines the economic origins of Islam and uncovers two empirical regularities. First, Muslim countries, virtual countries and ethnic groups, exhibit highly unequal regional agricultural endowments. Second, Muslim adherence is systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography (i) determined the economic aspects of the religious doctrine upon which Islam was formed, and (ii) shaped its subsequent economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade across regions, fostering predatory behavior from the poorly endowed ones. In such an environment it was mutually beneficial to institute a system...

ON THE ROLE OF THE BROKERAGE INSTITUTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHIOPIAN AGRICULTURAL MARKETS

Palavras-chave: Religion; Islam; Geography; Physical Capital; Human Capital; Land Inequality; Wealth Inequality; Trade; Labor and Human Capital; O10; O13; O16; O17; O18; F10; Z12.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91008

Quattri, Maria A.; Ozanne, Adam; Wang, Xioabing; Hall, Alastair R..

The recognition that policies aimed at “getting prices right” in less developed countries were failing due to incomplete markets has spurred a new wave of reforms, directed instead at “getting markets and institutions right”. Although previous studies have documented the potentially crucial role of the brokerage institution in crop commercialisation, few have investigated what determines wholesalers’ decisions to use brokers. Using data collected in 2006/07 by Gabre-Madhin, IFPRI and EDRI, we examine Ethiopian traders’ decisions regarding whether or not they should use brokers, and how much. Independent variables are human, financial and social asset availability, implemented trading practices, access to infrastructure and institutions, location, travelled...

Political Economy of Anglo-French Trade, 1689-1899: Agricultural Trade Policies, Alcohol Taxes, and War

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; O12; O13; O18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108941

Nye, John V.C..

Britain – contrary to received wisdom – was not a free trader for most of the 1800s and, despite repeal of the Corn Laws, continued to have higher tariffs than the French until the last quarter of the century. War with Louis XIV from 1689 led to the end of all trade between Britain and France for a quarter of a century. The creation of powerful protected interests both at home and abroad (notably in the form of British merchants, and investors in Portuguese wine) led to the imposition of prohibitively high tariffs on French imports -- notably on wine and spirits -- when trade with France resumed in 1714. Protection of domestic interests from import competition allowed the state to raise domestic excises which provided increased government revenues despite...

Trade, Food Standards and Poverty: The Case of High-Value Vegetable Exports from Senegal

Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F13; H20; N40; N43; N53; O13; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53881

Maertens, Miet.

Agricultural supply chains are changing globally with pervasive food standards and increased vertical coordination. The impact of these changes for developing countries and for small farmers in those countries is not yet well understood. We analyze the developments in high-standards FFV supply chains and the effects for small farmers and rural households in Senegal. We use a unique dataset derived from company level interviews and household surveys in the main horticulture zone in Senegal. Supply chain restructuring resulted in a shift from contract-farming with small-scale producers to large-scale vertically integrated estate-farming. A comprehensive econometric analysis shows that the restructuring of the value chain has enhanced an equitable...

Agriculture's Terms of Trade: Issues and Implications

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; D1; L66; O13; Q12; Q17.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25614

Colman, David R..

Financing Structures for CDM Projects in India and Capacity Building Options for EU-Indo Collaboration

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; F14; N50; N60; N70; O13; P45; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53200

Deodhar, Vinay; Michaelowa, Axel; Krey, Matthias.

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) enables industrialized countries to meet a part of their emission reduction requirements through purchase of emission reduction credits from projects in developing countries. Various studies have concluded that India is likely to be one of the major countries supplying such projects. However, in order that a large number of high-quality CDM projects is developed and result in Certified Emission Reductions as specified by the international CDM Executive Board, the institutional set up in the Indian finance sector has to be suitably geared up. So far, banks and financial institutions have not developed procedures for efficient financing of...

How Ambitious are China and India’s Emissions Intensity Targets?

Palavras-chave: International Climate Policy; CDM; Financial Institutions; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26139

Stern, David I.; Jotzo, Frank.

As part of the negotiating process for a post-Kyoto climate policy regime, several developing economies have announced carbon emission targets for 2020. China and India’s commitments are framed as emissions intensity reductions by 40 to 45 per cent and 20 to 25 per cent respectively between 2005 and 2020. But how feasible are these proposed emissions intensity reductions, and how do they compare with the targeted reductions in the United States and the European Union? In this research report we use a stochastic frontier model to explain the variation in countries’ energy intensities. We use the model to produce emissions projections for China and India under a number of scenarios that consider various rates of technological change and changes in the...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Carbon emissions; Climate change; Developing countries; Projections; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q54; Q56; Q58.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94947

Transformations in Agriculture and their Implications for Rural Development

Marketing, Co-operatives and Price Heterogeneity: Evidence from the CIS Dairy Sector

Hazell, Peter B.R..

The paper reviews the implications for rural development of current transformations in agriculture. It first identifies some of the driving forces - in addition to the impact of rising incomes in some but not all developing countries - behind the transformation process: changing market chains, shifts in public policy, OECD agricultural policies and HIV/AIDS. It then discusses some strategic issues for assisting the rural sector and small farms in developing countries: increasing the productivity of food staples, diversification into higher value products, organizing small farmer for marketing, agricultural services, non-farm opportunities and migration and targeting the vulnerable. It emphasizes the need for integrated interventions if small farm...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Rural development; Poverty reduction; Agricultural transformation; Small farm development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O10; O13; O18; Q10; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112592

Sauer, Johannes; Gorton, Matthew; White, John.

Drawing on survey data, this paper identifies the determinants of variations in farm gate milk prices for three CIS countries (Armenia, Moldova and Ukraine). We apply a multi-level modeling approach, specifically a bootstrapped and selectivity bias corrected mixed-effects linear regression model. The analysis suggests three main strategies for farmers to improve the price received for their output: consolidation, cooperation and stable supply chain relationships. While selling through a marketing cooperative has a significant and positive effect on farm gate milk prices, the majority of non-members are reluctant to join. The size of dairy operations, trust and contracting also impact positively on the prices received by farmers. Policy implications are...

The Benefits and Costs of Informal Sector Pollution Control: Mexican Brick Kilns

Palavras-chave: Price heterogeneity; Milk; Cooperatives; Armenia; Moldova; Ukraine; Marketing; O13; P32; Q13.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108938

Blackman, Allen; Newbold, Stephen C.; Shih, Jhih-Shyang; Cook, Joseph H..

In developing countries, urban clusters of manufacturers which are "informal"-small-scale, unlicensed and virtually unregulated-can have severe environmental impacts. Yet pollution control efforts have traditionally focused on large industrial sources, in part because the problem is not well understood. This paper presents a benefit-cost analysis of four practical strategies for reducing emissions from traditional brick kilns in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. To our knowledge, it is the first such analysis of informal sources. We find very significant net benefits for three of the four control strategies. These results suggest that informal polluters should be a high priority for environmental regulators.

Land allocation policy and conservation practices in the mountains of Northern Vietnam

Palavras-chave: Benefit-cost analysis; Informal sector; Air pollution; US-Mexico Border; Brick kiln; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; O17; O54; Q25; Q28.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10532

Saint-Macary, Camille; Keil, Alwin; Zeller, Manfred.

In Vietnam, a quasi-private property regime has been established in 1993, with the issuance exchangeable and mortgageable land use right certificates. Using primary qualitative and quantitative data, this paper investigates the role of the titling policy in fostering the use of soil conservation practices by upland farmers in the northern mountains region. There, population growth and growing market demands have induced farmers to intensify agricultural production onto steep slopes. While poverty has been reduced, environmental 16 problems such as soil erosion, landslides, and declining soil fertility have become severe over the past years. Our findings suggest that soil conservation technologies although relatively well known are perceived as being...

Using Alternative Regulatory Instruments to Control Fixed Point Air Pollution in Developing Countries: Lessons from International Experience

Palavras-chave: Land titling; Technology adoption; Upland agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; O13; Q24; Q56.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51763

Blackman, Allen; Harrington, Winston.

Should developing countries eschew conventional command and control regulatory instruments that are increasingly seen as inefficient and rely instead on 'alternative' instruments based on economic incentives and community pressure? This paper addresses this question as it pertains to fixed point air pollution. The paper discusses the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of alternative instruments, reviews both industrialized country and developing country experiences with them, and proposes a number of policy guidelines. We argue that regulators in developing countries typically operate under severe financial and institutional constraints. Given these constraints, pure economic incentive instruments are generally not practical since they involve...

Does Sending Farmers Back to School Have An Impact? A Spatial Econometric Approach

Palavras-chave: Market based instruments; Economic incentives; Informal regulation; Developing country; Industrial air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; O13.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10689

Yamazaki, Satoshi; Resosudarmo, Budy P..

Replaced with revised version of paper 02/08/07.

Decomposing Changes in Agricultural Producer Prices

Palavras-chave: Agricultural economics; Spatial econometrics; Economic development; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; C59; O13.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25427

Liefert, William M..

This paper develops a method for decomposing changes in agricultural producer prices. The method builds on a procedure used by the World Bank, with the key variables in the decomposition being trade prices, exchange rates, and agricultural trade policies. The main ways by which we expand on the World Bank decomposition procedure are by broadening the analysis of policy effects, and by adding the effect from incomplete transmission of changes in border prices and exchange rates to producer prices, and the effect on prices from interactions between variables as they change simultaneously. We demonstrate the decomposition method by using the Russian poultry market in the late 1990s, and find that the dominant factor in changing the producer price was the...

Carbon Sinks and Reservoirs: The Value of Permanence and Role of Discounting

Palavras-chave: Agricultural prices; Price transmission; Exchange rates; Trade policy; Russian agriculture; Developing economies; Transition economies; Agricultural Finance; F13; O13; 024; Q11; Q17.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25331

Benitez, Pablo C.; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.

Scientists are enthusiastic about storing carbon in terrestrial sinks and geological reservoirs in order to obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil-fuel use. Estimating relative costs of various options depends on how permanence is assessed and whether physical carbon is discounted. We demonstrate that, in carbon markets, terrestrial sinks credits cannot be traded one-for-one for emission reduction credits and the conversion factor would depend on how long sinks keep CO2 out of the atmosphere as compared with emission reductions and, discounting physical carbon. As a result, the authority could not determine a conversion factor and the market would be required to do so.

Informal Insurance in the Presence of Poverty Traps: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Climate change; Carbon offset; Carbon sinks; Discounting physical carbon; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q54.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37018

Santos, Paulo; Barrett, Christopher B..

Fieldwork for this paper was conducted under the Pastoral Risk Management (PARIMA) project of the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program (GL CRSP), funded by the Office of Agriculture and Food Security, Global Bureau, USAID, under grant number DAN-1328-G-00-0046-00, and analysis was underwritten by the USAID SAGA cooperative agreement, grant number HFM-A-00-01-00132-00. Financial support was also provided by the Social Science Research Council's Program in Applied Economics on Risk and Development (through a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation), The Pew Charitable Trusts (through the Christian Scholars Program of the University of Notre Dame), the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), and the Graduate...

Agricultural Productivity, Drought, and Economic Growth in Sahel

Palavras-chave: Risk; Informal insurance; Social networks; Poverty traps; Ethiopia; Risk and Uncertainty; Z13; I3; O13.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25487

Boubacar, Inoussa.

A standardized precipitation index is used in a regression analysis to quantify the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in Sahel. I first estimate a Malmquist productivity index and its efficiency and technical change components. I further assess the statistical significance of the indices by estimating some confidence intervals via a bootstrap method. In the second stage of the analysis, I use a Probit model to estimate the extent to which climate variables affect agricultural productivity. It appears that agricultural performance has been disastrous in many Sahelian countries from 1970 to 2000. Using a comparable cross-country measure of drought, I provide evidence that precipitation variability is constraining not only Sahel’s...