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Registros recuperados: 128
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Payment For Forest Environmental Services: A Metta-analysis of Successful Elements AgEcon
Rizio, Dina; Gios, Geremia.
The forest is an ecosystem that can produce environmental services from which individuals benefit. In recent decades, the interest in these services has significantly increased and changed to meet new needs. The demand for wood has gradually become integrated into the demand for new products and services related to landscape use and recreational activities. These new products and services are defined as Non-Wood Forest Products and Services (NWFP&SSs). With this interest in services and products associated with the recreational use of forests and forest tourism, a possibility and in certain cases a need exists to introduce a system of payment for these services. The purpose of such a payment system is to respond to this demand and to promote the...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Payment for environmentall services; Forest resources; Non-wood forest product ts and services; Landscape; Tourism.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q26; Q23.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124114
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Models Needed to Assist in the Development of a National Fiber Supply Strategy for the 21st Century: Report of a Workshop AgEcon
Sedjo, Roger A.; Goetzl, Alberto.
This discussion paper reports on a Workshop on Wood Fiber Supply Modeling held October 3-4, 1996 in Washington, DC. The purpose of this discussion paper is to provide an overview of some of the modeling work being done related to timber supply modeling and some of the issues related to the more useful application of wood fiber supply and projections models. This paper includes brief presentations of three commonly used long-term timber projections and forecasting models: the Timber Assessment Market Model (TAMM) of the Forest Service; the Cintrafor Global Trade Model (CGTM) of the University of Washington; and the Timber Supply Model (TSM) of Resources for the Future. Also, issues related to the useful of the models are addressed as well as a discussion of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Timber models; Market forecasting models; Wood fiber supply; Projections; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C62; Q21; Q23.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10486
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Analysis of Import Demand for Wooden Beds in the U.S. AgEcon
Wan, Yang; Sun, Changyou; Grebner, Donald L..
The market of wooden beds in the U.S. has been flooded with imports from China and Vietnam in recent years. Static and dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System models are used to assess the import demand for wooden beds from the top seven supplying countries. The analyses reveal that the antidumping investigation on China has some temporary trade depression effect on China, but trade diversion occur to Vietnam, Indonesia, Canada, and Brazil. The formal implementation of antidumping duties since 2005 has not shown any significant effect on the trade pattern. U.S. consumers spend more on beds from newly industrialized countries and there are moderate degrees of substitution among wooden beds from most countries.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Antidumping; Cointegration; Demand elasticity; Furniture; Trade diversion; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Marketing; C32; D12; F14; Q23.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100522
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Assessing Time-Varying Oligopoly and Oligopsony Power in the U.S. Paper Industry AgEcon
Mei, Bin; Sun, Changyou.
The U.S. paper industry has become increasingly concentrated and therefore been suspected of imperfect competition. In this study, the new empirical industrial organization approach is employed to measure the degree of oligopoly and oligopsony power in the U.S. paper industry simultaneously. The model is estimated by iterative three-stage least squares using annual data from 1955 to 2003. The results reveal that there has been significant oligopoly and oligopsony power in the U.S. paper industry, and the oligopoly power has been consistently lower than the oligopsony power.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Market power; NEIO; Three-stage least squares; Time-varying parameters; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; L13; Q23.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47268
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Modeling Deforestation and Land Use Change: Sparse Data Environments AgEcon
De Pinto, Alessandro; Nelson, Gerald C..
Land use change in developing countries is of great interest to policymakers and researchers from many backgrounds. Concerns about consequences of deforestation for global climate change and biodiversity have received the most publicity, but loss of wetlands, declining land productivity, and watershed management are also problems facing developing countries. In developing countries, analysis is especially constrained by lack of data. This paper reviews modeling approaches for data-constrained environments that involve methods such as neural nets and dynamic programming and research results that link individual household survey data with satellite images using geographic positioning systems.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q23; R14.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25723
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Costs of Creating Carbon Offset Credits via Forestry Activities: A Meta-Regression Analysis AgEcon
van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Laaksonen-Craig, Susanna; Wang, Yichuan.
The main focus of efforts to mitigate climate change is on the avoidance of fossil fuel emissions. However, the Kyoto rules permit the use of forestry activities that create carbon offset credits. These could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. It is necessary for policy purposes, therefore, to determine the cost effectiveness of creating forest sink carbon credits. In this study, meta-regression analyses with 1047 observations from 68 studies are used to determine factors that affect carbon sequestration costs. Results indicate that soil carbon is not very important, but that forest plantations and use of biomass for energy make forestry activities more attractive. It also turns out that forestry activities are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate mitigation; Forest carbon offset credits; Meta-regression analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; R15; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37039
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The Impact of El Nino on Northeastern Forests: A Case Study on Maple Syrup Production AgEcon
Bergeron, Nancy; Sedjo, Roger A..
El Nino events are likely to affect maple syrup production since it is very sensitive to weather patterns. A statistically significant direct correlation has not been found in our preliminary analysis, however. This may be because many other factors affect production and because weather anomalies also occur in non-El Nino years. Few defensive activities are available to maple syrup producers to alleviate the negative impacts of weather anomalies on their production. Hence, the value of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts to them is likely to be low, even if a clear correlation between productivity and ENSO events was eventually found. Overall, small welfare impacts of El Nino weather events are expected from their impact on the maple syrup...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: El Nino; Forests; Maple syrup; Economic welfare effects; Dieback; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; Q10; Q20; Q23; N5.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10671
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Optimal Conservation Policy Under Imperfect Intergenerational Altruism AgEcon
Di Corato, Luca.
In this paper we study the optimal forest conservation policy by a hyperbolically discounting society. Society comprises a series of non-overlapping imperfectly altruistic generations each represented by its own government. Under uncertainty about future pay-offs we determine, as solution of an intergenerational dynamic game, the optimal timing of irreversible harvest. Earlier harvest occurs and the option value attached to the forest clearing decision is eroded under both the assumptions of naïve and sophisticated belief about future time-preferences. This results in a bias toward the current generation gratification which affects the intergenerational allocation of benefits and costs from harvesting and conserving a natural forest.
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Imperfect Altruism; Real Options; Hyperbolic Discounting; Time Inconsistency; Natural Resources Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D81; C70; Q23; Q58.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120022
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Timber Supply Model 96: A Global Timber Supply Model with a Pulpwood Component AgEcon
Sedjo, Roger A.; Lyon, Kenneth S..
This study involves an update of our earlier Timber Supply Model, which was fully developed in our book, The Adequacy Of Global Timber Supply by Sedjo and Lyon (1990), published by Resources for the Future. The new version, called Timber Supply Model 1996 (TSM96), uses an economic market supply/demand approach to project an intertemporal time path of the world's price and output level of industrial wood. As did the original TSM, the TSM96 provides projections of the time path of the equilibrium output levels of the several regions into which the world has been subdivided. A major new feature of TSM96 is that industrial wood, treated as homogeneous in the earlier study, has be subdivided into two different wood types -- pulpwood and solidwood. The supply of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Timber models; Markets; Optimal control; Projections; Timber supply; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C62; Q21; Q23.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10696
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A Comparison of Timber Models for Use in Public Policy Analysis AgEcon
Sohngen, Brent; Sedjo, Roger A..
In this paper, we compare and contrast two types of timber models that have been used for public policy analysis. These models have been variously used to predict price, inventory and market welfare impacts under different exogenous forces that impact timber markets. The framework and theory for each model type is presented and discussed. We then thoroughly test the two model types across six potential exogenous shocks to timber markets, ranging from instantaneous demand shocks to gradual supply adjustments. Our comparison indicates that these models predict potentially important differences in timber market behavior. These differences are important to consider for those who do public policy analysis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Timber markets; Models; Dynamic adjustment; Optimization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C62; Q21; Q23.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10467
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Determinants of Timberland Use by Ownership and Forest Type in Alabama and Georgia AgEcon
Nagubadi, Rao V.; Zhang, Daowei.
Land use changes and timberland use by ownership and forest type in Alabama and Georgia between 1972 and 2000 are analyzed using a modified multinomial logit approach. Low average land quality, federal cost-share incentives, and favorable returns to forestry relative to agriculture were the main factors associated with timberland increase. Higher forestry returns helped increase industrial timberland but not nonindustrial private forests. An increase in hardwood forests at the expense of softwood and mixed forests was driven by increasing hardwood returns. Increasing softwood returns and tree planting assistance programs alleviated declines in softwood forests. Because factors influencing timberland use changes differ by ownership and forest type,...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Forest type; Land use determinants; Modified multinomial logit; Timberland ownership; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q23; R15.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43726
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Searching for an Environmental Kuznets Curve in Carbon Dioxide Pollutant in Latin American Countries AgEcon
Poudel, Biswo N.; Paudel, Krishna P.; Bhattarai, Keshav.
This study utilized a semiparametric panel model to estimate environmental Kuznets curves (EKC) for carbon dioxide (CO2) in 15 Latin American countries, using hitherto unused data on forestry acreage in each country. Results showed an N-shaped curve for the region; however, the shape of the curve is sensitive to the removal of some groups of countries. Specification tests support a semiparametric panel model over a parametric quadratic specification.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: CO2; Forest acreage; Environmental Kuznets curve; Latin American countries; Semiparametric regression model; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C14; C33; Q23; Q53.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48759
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Transaction costs in agri-environmental schemes: the principal-agent-point of view AgEcon
Weber, Anja Michaela; Nuppenau, Ernst-August.
Agri-environmental schemes provide payments for farmers in return for environmental services. Their implementation induces transaction costs for administration and farmers. Although transaction costs became subject of research in recent years, little attention has been paid to activities which create them. This paper uses insights from Principal-Agent-Theory to show, how information gaps between contracting partners result in tradeoffs inducing activities conducted at implementation level. A Grassland Extensification Scheme, provided in Hesse, Germany, serves as a case-study. The paper shows that attempts and incentives to overcome informational gaps are different for administration and farmer. Further, attempts to reduce transaction costs of own...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental schemes; Transaction costs; Principal-agent-theory; Hesse; Germany; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q18; Q23.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94919
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Can Forest Management Strategies Sustain The Development Needs Of The Little Red River Cree First Nation? AgEcon
Krcmar, Emina; Nelson, Harry; van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Vertinsky, Ilan; Webb, Jim.
In this study, we explore whether projected socio-economic needs of the Little Red River Cree Nation (LRRCN) can be met using the natural resources to which they have access. To answer this question, we employ a dynamic optimization model to assess the capacity of the available forest base to provide for anticipated future needs of the LRRCN. Results for alternative management strategies indicate that decision-makers face significant tradeoffs in deciding an appropriate management strategy for the forestlands they control.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Boreal forest; First Nations; Forest management; Sustainability; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; Q23.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37012
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Forest Certification: Toward Common Standards? AgEcon
Fischer, Carolyn; Aguilar, Francisco X.; Jawahar, Puja; Sedjo, Roger A..
The forestry industry provides a good illustration of the active roles that industry associations, environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), national governments, and international organizations can play in developing and promoting codes of conduct that are formally sanctioned and certified. It also reflects some of the challenges of disseminating codes of conduct in developing countries and ensuring market benefits from certification. We describe the emergence of forest certification standards, outline current certification schemes, and discuss the role of major corporations in creating demand for certified products. We also discuss the limited success of certification and some of the obstacles to its adoption in developing countries. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Forest certification; Codes of conduct; Forest Stewardship Council; PEFC; Sustainable Forestry Initiative; Sustainable forest management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q56; L73; Q13.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10838
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Improving Environmental Quality in South Florida through Silvopasture: An Economic Approach AgEcon
Stainback, G. Andrew; Alavalapati, Janaki R.R.; Shrestha, Ram K.; Larkin, Sherry L.; Wong, Grace.
A dynamic optimization model is used to compare the profitability of silvopasture with traditional cattle ranching in south Florida. Silvopasture can reduce phosphorus runoff from cattle ranching-a major environmental concern for Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades. Silvopasture can also sequester carbon, thereby offsetting global climate change. The effectiveness of phosphorus runoff taxes and carbon sequestration payments for inducting landowners to adopt silvopasture is investigated. We find that phosphorus taxes alone would not induce landowners to adopt silvopasture. However, payments to landowners to sequester carbon, alone or in conjunction with phosphorus runoff taxes, can make silvopasture financially competitive with traditional ranching.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Cattle ranching; Faustmann model; Global climate change; Phosphorus runoff; Silvopasture; Slash pine; Tax; Q57; Q23.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43396
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Carbon Sequestration with Reforestations and Biodiversity-Scenic Values AgEcon
Caparros, Alejandro; Cerda, Emilio; Ovando, P.; Campos, Pablo.
This paper presents an optimal control model to analyze reforestations with two different species, including commercial values, carbon sequestration and biodiversity or scenic values. We solve the model qualitatively with general functions and discuss the implications of partial or total internalization of environmental values, showing that internalizing only carbon sequestration may have negative impacts on biodiversity-scenic values. To evaluate the practical relevance, we compare reforestations in the South-west of Spain with cork-oaks (a slow growing native species) and with eucalyptus (a fast growing alien species). We do the analysis with two different carbon crediting methods: the Carbon Flow Method and the Ton Year Accounting Method. With the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Optimal Control; Forests; Carbon; Sequestration; Biodiversity; Scenic; Stated Preferences; Carbon Accounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q26; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9323
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The Price-Elasticity of Stumpage Sales from Federal Forests AgEcon
Ando, Amy Whritenour.
This paper explores the influence of the behavior of the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management on effective public policy toward the national forests. It shows that fluctuations in stumpage sales from such forests have been large. Furthermore, those fluctuations could well have a significant impact on the price elasticity of harvest even with large stocks of uncut volume under contract. System analysis of harvest and sale patterns in nine regions during the period 1951-1992 shows that stumpage sales displayed little correlation with prices during the period; the positive price elasticity of harvest seems to have been induced largely by the behavior of logging firms. However, it finds a positive link between National Forest budgets and annual sales....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Stumpage; Harvest; Sales; National Forests; Budget; Price elasticity; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q28.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10456
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A Global Land Use and Biomass Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fossil Fuel Use and to Preserve Biodiversity AgEcon
Riedacker, Arthur.
As average growth consumptions per capita and world population will continue to grow, the promotion of sustainable developments during the next half a century implies to take into account environmental aspects, local potentialities and futures changes in population as well climatic, economic and social factors. At the global level, land and fossil fuel availability per capita, capacity of absorption of greenhouse gas emissions are considered the most important environmental factors. Whereas at local levels are to be considered preservation or improvement of soil fertility, of water regimes, of quality of air, soil and water. Biodiversity must be taken into account at both levels to cope also with climate change. But as underlined by IPCC lead authors, up...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Greenhouse Gas Emission; Fossil Fuel; Biodiversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9551
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Optimal Forest Strategies for Addressing Tradeoffs and Uncertainty in Economic Development under Old-Growth Constraints AgEcon
Krcmar, Emina; Eagle, Alison J.; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
In Canada, governments have historically promoted economic development in rural regions by promoting exploitation of natural resources, particularly forests. Forest resources are an economic development driver in many of the more than 80% of native communities located in forest regions. But forests also provide aboriginal people with cultural and spiritual values, and non-timber forest amenities (e.g., biodiversity, wildlife harvests for meat and fur, etc.), that are incompatible with timber exploitation. Some cultural and other amenities can only be satisfied by maintaining a certain amount of timber in an old-growth state. In that case, resource constraints might be too onerous to satisfy development needs. We employ compromise programming and fuzzy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Forest-dependent aboriginal communities; Boreal forest; Compromise and fuzzy programming; Sustainability and uncertainty; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; R11; Q23; Q01; C61.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10251
Registros recuperados: 128
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