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Registros recuperados: 265
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The Chesapeake Bay and the Control of NOx Emissions: A Policy Analysis AgEcon
Krupnick, Alan J.; McConnell, Virginia D.; Austin, David H.; Cannon, Matthew; Stoessell, Terrell; Morton, Brian.
Nitrogen oxide emissions not only affect air quality but have recently been found to be an important source of nitrate pollution in the Chesapeake Bay. This analysis examines the costs, emissions, source specific and location-specific allocations of NOx emissions reductions and the ancillary ozone related health benefits under a range of policy scenarios. The paper includes analysis of three separate policies. The first is a detailed analysis of the effect on nitrate loadings to the Bay of command and control policies specified in the Clean Air Act and as part of the OTAG process. The second is a comparison of alternative scenarios for reducing NOx emissions that meet nitrate loading goals, with or without concern for reducing ozone concentrations and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Chesapeake Bay; Cost effectiveness; Air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10576
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Incentives for Soil and Water Conservation on Farm in Ravines of Gujarat: Policy Implications for Future Adoption AgEcon
Pande, V.C.; Kurothe, R.S.; Singh, H.B.; Tiwari, S.P..
The issue of incentives has been studied for the adoption of soil and water conservation in the ravines of Gujarat in the context of holistic development of small and marginal farms and their profitability. It is hypothesized that poor economic condition of farmers impedes their ability to make large-scale investment in conservation agriculture, in general and improvement of land, in particular. The study is based on two groups of farms- with and without conservation history. The results have substantiated the argument that under the present price scenario, farm profitability makes the marginal farms susceptible to a vicious poverty circle. The input and output prices prevailing in the region do not favour the farming enterprise. Thus, this policy variable...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Soil and water conservation; Conservation agriculture; Credit worthiness; Land tenure; Farm investment; Gujarat ravines; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109425
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Meta Analysis in Model Implementation: Choice Sets and the Valuation of Air Quality Improvements AgEcon
Banzhaf, H. Spencer; Smith, V. Kerry.
We document the sensitivity of welfare estimates derived from discrete choice models to assumptions about the choice set. Such assumptions can affect welfare estimates through both the estimated parameters of the model and, conditional on the parameters, the substitution among alternatives. Our analysis involves estimates of the benefits of air quality improvements in Los Angeles based on discrete choices of neighborhood and housing. We further illustrate the use of meta analysis to document and summarize voluminous information derived from repeated sensitivity analyses.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Meta analysis; Random utility model; Choice set; Air quality; Housing; Environmental Economics and Policy; C15; Q25; R21.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10453
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Carbon Abatement Costs: Why the Wide Range of Estimates? AgEcon
Fischer, Carolyn; Morgenstern, Richard D..
Estimates of marginal abatement costs for reducing carbon emissions in the United States by the major economic-energy models vary by a factor of five, undermining support for mandatory policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We use meta analysis to explain these cost differences, holding policy regimes constant and focusing on the role of baseline emissions projections and structural characteristics of the models. The results indicate that certain assumptions, like freer trade and greater disaggregation of regions and nonenergy goods, lead to lower estimates of marginal abatement costs, while more disaggregated energy goods raise them. Other choices, like myopic optimization by households or the inclusion of an international finance sector, seem less...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate models; Carbon tax; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q4; Q25; D58.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10537
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Cost Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting for Groundwater Recharge in Micro-Watersheds of Kolar District of India: The Case Study of Thotli Micro-Watershed AgEcon
Nagaraj, N.; Pradhani, Umesh; Chengappa, P.G.; Basavaraj, G.; Kanwar, Ramesh S..
This study has estimated the supply augmentation of groundwater recharge due to creation of water harvesting structures and has assessed the cost-effectiveness of rainwater harvesting for groundwater recharge on watershed basis in one of the sub-watersheds of the Kolar district, Peninsular India — a typically hard-rock area. The study is based on the primary data for the year 2008-09 collected from a sample of 90 farmers having irrigation bore-wells in the selected watershed named Thotli. The study has indicated that the annual draft of irrigation water exceeds the annual recharge, causing a negative balance. On an average, the returns per rupee investment have been found to be ` 1.80 on farm pond, ` 1.78 on recharge pit and ` 1.39 on field bund. The cost...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Rainwater harvesting; Economic feasibility; Groundwater recharge; Watershed; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q15; Q25.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118229
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The ABC's of Apples, Bees, and Connections Hydrologic AgEcon
Taylor, Garth; Contor, Bryce; Hamilton, Joel R..
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95757
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Cost Savings Sans Allowance Trades? Evaluating the SO2 Emission Trading Program to Date AgEcon
Burtraw, Dallas.
Title IV of the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act initiated a historic experiment in incentive-based environmental regulation through the use of tradable allowances for emission of sulfur dioxide by electric generating facilities. To date, relatively little allowance trading has taken place; however, the costs of compliance have been much less than anticipated. The purpose of this paper is to address the apparent paradox that the allowance trading program may not require (very much) trading to be successful. Title IV represented two great steps forward in environmental regulation: first a move toward performance standards and second formal allowance trading. The first step has been sufficient to date for improving dynamic efficiency and achieving...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emission trading; SO2; Clean Air Act; Cost-effectiveness; Incentive-based regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q48; L51.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10682
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Genetically Engineering Crops for a Sustainable Agriculture AgEcon
Ervin, David E.; Welsh, Rick.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; Q24; Q25; Q55; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94765
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THE CONSUMPTION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND WATER RESOURCES’ QUALITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AgEcon
Roljevic, Svetlana; Nikolic, Aleksandra; Tepavac, Rajko.
Professional paper
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Water resources; Mineral fertilizers; Nitrates; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q53.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123965
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The Effect of Sequencing Trade and Water Market Reform on Interest Groups in Irrigated Agriculture: An Intertemporal Economy-Wide Analysis of the Moroccan Case AgEcon
Diao, Xinshen; Roe, Terry L..
Many of the import competing sectors in Moroccan agriculture are protected while water in irrigated agriculture is priced below its marginal value product. Establishing a water market in this pre-trade reform environment can be welfare decreasing. Further, as the shadow price of water is sensitive to the crops protected by trade policy, farmers growing crops protected pre-trade reform can be made worse off post reform. The resulting decline in rents to sector resources is a source of interest group conflict that can slow the overall reform process. Using an intertemporal general equilibrium model, the paper analyzes the economy-wide effects of the linkages between trade reform and the reform of water markets in irrigated agriculture. We find a strong...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Water Markets; Trade Reform. Dynamic General Equilibrium; O41; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F13; Q15; Q25.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7519
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Regulatory Responses to Potential Pollutants from Animal Feeding Operations: Opting Out of Costly Permitting Regulations AgEcon
Centner, Terence J.; Mullen, Jeffrey D..
Because of excessive water impairment, federal and state agencies have enacted regulations to reduce water pollution from animal feeding operations. Many of the regulations are based on numbers of animals rather than the potential of an operator to impair water quality. To enhance efficiency, critical production indicators and location screening factors might be used to exempt operations that are not significantly impairing water quality. In this manner, regulations could avoid imposing unnecessary costs on the regulated public and more effectively target monitoring and enforcement resources of the regulatory agency.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Concentrated animal feeding operations; Pollution; Production indicators; Regulations; Water impairment; K2; K32; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43345
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Valoracion del agua de riego por el metodo de precios quasi-hedonicos: aplicacion al Guadalquivir AgEcon
Berbel, Julio; Mesa, Pascual.
La estimación del valor del agua puede hacerse mediante diferentes métodos, de los cuales este trabajo propone el método de precios "quasi-hedónicos". El agua se considera en este trabajo como una variable externa que impacta en el precio diferencial de la tierra, y cuyo valor estimamos para la Cuenca del Guadalquivir. Los resultados nos muestran un valor capital del agua en el rango 2,8 €/m3 a 4,2 €/m3 con un valor más frecuente de 3,46 €/m3, que según el tipo de capitalización empleado nos daría un valor medio de renta del agua entre 0,14 €/m3 (para r=4%) a 0,35 €/m3 (para r=10%). ABSTRACT The valuation of natural resources is a tool used for improving allocation and management of water resources. This research proposes a quasi-hedonic approach as a...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Irrigated agriculture; Hedonic price; Environmental valuation; Water value; Agricultura de riego; Precios hedónicos; Valoracion ambiental; Valor del agua; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; C13.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7059
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Research Frontiers in the Economics of Climate Change AgEcon
Toman, Michael.
Academic and policy debates over climate change risks and policies have stimulated economic research in a variety of fields. In this article I briefly discuss eight overlapping areas of current research in which further effort particularly is warranted. These areas include decision criteria for policy; risk assessment and adaptation; uncertainty and learning; abatement cost and the innovation and diffusion of technology; and the credibility of policies and international agreements. Further analysis in these areas not only will advance academic understanding but also will provide insights of considerable importance to policymakers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate change; Sustainable development; Integrated assessment; Environmental uncertainty; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10507
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Multi-Period Emissions Trading in the Electricity Sector - Winners and Losers AgEcon
Bode, Sven.
Emission trading has become recently more and more import in environmental regulation. In the context of controlling greenhouse gas emissions, the directive on a Europewide trading scheme for large immobile sources may be perceived as one of the most important milestones in recent years. Prior to its start, however, a number of very specific design features have to be agreed upon. In the political discussion, the question of how to allocate emission rights is considered as one of the most important issues. So far, a distribution (almost) free of charge is the option of choice. An aspect that has interestingly attracted little attention in the past is the question of how to allocate emission rights over time. This may for example be done on the basis of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Abatement costs; Allocation of GHG allowances; Benchmark; Compliance costs; Electricity sector; Multi-period emission trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H25; L20; L52; L94; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26314
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Measuring the Potential of Unilateral CDM - A Pilot Study - AgEcon
Jahn, Michael; Michaelowa, Axel; Raubenheimer, Stefan; Liptow, Holger.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was originally seen as an instrument with a bilateral character where an entity from an industrialised country invests in a project in a developing country (DC). Also, multilateral funds were envisaged that would bundle investments to spread project risks. The sluggish implementation of incentives for industrialised country companies to embark on CDM projects and low carbon prices led to a preference of just buying Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) instead of investing in projects. Thus a third option has gained prominence - the unilateral option where the project development is planned and financed within the DC. We propose that a project should be called "pure unilateral" if it involves no foreign direct...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Unilateral; Institutions; Project participants; Financing; Risk premium; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26400
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Economic Impact of Climate Change on Irrigated Rice Agriculture in Nigeria AgEcon
Ajetomobi, Joshua Olusegun; Abidun, Ajiboye; Hassan, Rashid M..
This study employed the Ricardian approach to test the relative importance of climate normals (average long-term temperature and precipitation) in explaining net revenue from Nigerian rice agriculture under irrigation and dry land conditions. A survey was done by interviewing 1200 rice farmers from 20 rice producing states in Nigeria. The states covered all the six geopolitical zones in the country. The results showed that increase in temperature will reduce net revenue for dry land rice farms while net revenue rises with increase in temperature for irrigated rice farms. Precipitation had similar effects on rice net revenue. Increase in precipitation will cause reduction in revenue for dry land rice farms whereas it will cause increase in revenue for...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Climate change; Irrigation; Net Revenue; Nigeria; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q25.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95778
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Monitoring and Enforcement: Is Two-Tier Regulation Robust? AgEcon
Kathuria, Vinish; Sterner, Thomas.
The regulation of industrial pollution is clearly difficult in a rapidly industrializing, low-income setting. In addition to the general lack of resources for monitoring and enforcement, authorities must deal with the asymmetric nature of the information and multiple nonpoint sources of pollution. In this study we look at efforts to regulate chemical plants in Ankleshwar, in the Indian state of Gujarat. The plants are located in an industrial estate, which provides interesting preconditions for a form of two-tier regulation, in which an industry association becomes an intermediary between the government and individual firms: it monitors its members' pollution and promotes compliance with the government's environmental regulations. The Indian agency...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Industrial estate; Two-tier monitoring; Common property resource; Industry association; Nonpoint sources of pollution; Political Economy; Q25; P28; K42.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10669
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Testing Construct Validity of River Recreation Use Values: A Comparison of Direct Elicitation of Use Values to Use Values Inferred Indirectly from WTP for Total Economic Value AgEcon
Loomis, John B..
Instream Flow, Colorado
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Instream flow; Recreation benefits; Total economic value; Colorado; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q26; Q51; Q25.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60410
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Estimating Urban Residential Water-Demand with Increasing Block Prices: The Case of Perth, Western Australia AgEcon
Xayavong, Vilaphonh; Burton, Michael P.; White, Benedict.
This study uses panel data at suburb level to estimates the elasticity water demands in Perth, Australia from 1995 to 2005. After deriving the consumer’s water demand under a non-linear budget constraint, we estimate the water demand model, which accounts for how water (and other purchased goods) is used to satisfy fundamental desires of the household. We have applied the specification of price that provided the correctly estimated marginal price from the block tariff structure, and employed a maximum likelihood estimation technique to tackle the endogeneity and heteroskedasticity issues. Our estimation of water demand price elasticities are slightly higher (more elastic) than previous study in Perth, but broadly in line with other estimates in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Water demand; Water pricing; Block pricing; Water resource management; Household model; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q25; Q23.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7061
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An Econometric Test of the Endogeneity of Institutions: Water Markets in the Western United States AgEcon
Hansen, Kristiana; Howitt, Richard E.; Williams, Jeffrey C..
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/05.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Water markets; Institutions; Environmental costs; Third-party costs; Water rights; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19548
Registros recuperados: 265
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