SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Figini, Paolo; Castellani, Massimiliano; Vici, Laura.

During their holidays, tourists produce direct and indirect effects on local residents, which can either be positive or negative. In this paper we investigate how residents of Rimini, a popular Italian seaside resort hosting more than ten million national and foreign overnight stays every year, internalise such effects. We use a stated preference approach and, in particular, a discrete choice modelling technique; within this framework, we are able to test some conjectures about residents welfare, by measuring their willingness to pay for alternative scenarios regarding the use of the territory. Tourist policies and public investments in the destination affect residents welfare, and our results might suggest areas of potential synergies and trade-off,...

A Total Social Factor Productivity Index for the UK Food Chain Post-Farm Gate

Palavras-chave: Tourism; External Effects; Discrete Choice Modelling; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q56; L83; C25.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9104

Barnes, Andrew Peter; McVittie, Alistair.

The UK post-farm gate food chain comprises manufacturing, wholesaling , retailing and catering. Current turnover is around £250 billion per annum. Total factor productivity measures the ratio of inputs to outputs. However, most studies have only included the marketable inputs and outputs within the system. Following criticisms of the negative effects of the food chain this paper adopts a n index based approach to measuring Total Social Factor Productivity, which includes the major externalities within the food chain. Generally, whilst TFP growth rates are low over the period 1998-2002, these have reduced even further when negative externalities are included.

Wildlife Conservation in Zambia: Impacts on Rural Household Welfare

Palavras-chave: Food Chain; Total Factor Productivity; Total Social Factor Productivity; Externalities; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Q56.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25374

Fernandez, Ana; Richardson, Robert B.; Tschirley, David L.; Tembo, Gelson.

FOOD SECURITY RESEARCH PROJECT, LUSAKA, ZAMBIA

Fairness, Credibility and Effectiveness in the Copenhagen Accord: An Economic Assessment

Palavras-chave: Zambia; Food security; Tourism; Conservation; Household income; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Q18; Q26; Q27; Q56.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55053

De Cian, Enrica; Favero, Alice.

State-of-the-art literature on climate change policies has proposed numerous approaches for the Post-Kyoto agreement. However, in analysing the outcome of negotiations, the feeling is that a huge gap exists between policy makers and scientists. This paper tries to bridge this gap by providing a critical and comparative analysis of the Copenhagen Accord provisions, linking them to a part of the climate-economy literature. It assesses Copenhagen outcome in terms of economic efficiency, environmental effectiveness and political credibility. Our conclusion suggests that the Copenhagen Accord succeeded in considering some of the climate policy principles, namely credibility, equity and fairness. First, the change in political leadership indicates a more...

Waste Generation, Incineration and Landfill Diversion. De-coupling Trends, Socio-Economic Drivers and Policy Effectiveness in the EU

Palavras-chave: International Climate Policy Architecture; Integrated Assessment Model; Post-Kyoto; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q56; Q43.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59478

Mazzanti, Massimiliano; Zoboli, Roberto.

Waste generation and waste disposal are issues that are becoming increasingly prominent in the environmental arena both from a policy perspective and in the context of delinking analysis. Waste generation is still increasing proportionally with income, and economic and environmental costs associated to landfilling are also increasing. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of waste generation, incineration, recycling and landfill dynamics based on panel data for the EU25, to assess the effects of different drivers (economic, structural, policy) and the eventual differences between western and eastern EU countries. We show that for waste generation there is still no Waste Kuznets Curve (WKC) trend, although elasticity to income drivers appear lower...

The Potential Economic and Environmental Costs of GHG Mitigation Measures for Cattle Sectors in Northern Ireland

Palavras-chave: Waste Kuznets Curves; Delinking; Waste Generation; Waste Disposal; Landfilling; Landfill Policies; Evaluation Methodology; Incineration; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q38; Q56.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46651

Minihan, Erin S.; Wu, Ziping.

National greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategy can benefit from information on the technical and economic viability of abatement options. The life-cycle-analysis (LCA) and marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) approaches provide a good, although partial, indication for the potential of existing technologies to mitigate GHG emissions. The input-output (IO) approach has advantages in capturing the indirect impacts of technology adoption from shifts in economic structure and linkages between sectors. It is therefore ideal to develop an integrated approach to more accurately assess the overall economic and environmental impacts of climate policy. In this study, we aim to develop such an approach that extends the assessment of viability to include indirect...

Investigating affordability problems of utility services – A theoretical study on the ratio measure

Palavras-chave: GHG mitigation; IO analysis; Technical cost; Northern Ireland; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; C67; Q52; Q56; Q58.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108779

Gawel, Erik; Bretschneider, Wolfgang.

Unlike in developing countries, there tends to be no problem of access to water, electricity, and heating for private households in transition countries. However, transition countries have a considerable amount of low-income households, and the problem of affordability of these environmental-related utility services remains urgent. Welfare economics literature suggests to neglect affordability aspects by separating allocative from distributive impacts of pricing. In practice, this separation runs the risk of rendering impossible any sustainability-oriented price reform. An Institutional Economics approach takes competing objectives into account. From this viewpoint it appears to be worth investigating the affordability-concept. Although the...

Environmental Security and its Implications for China’s Foreign Relations

Palavras-chave: Affordability; Transition Countries; Utility Services; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; D11; H41; L97; O15; Q56.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90795

Mochizuki, Junko; Zhang, ZhongXiang.

China’s emerging standing in the world demands a major rethinking of its diplomatic strategies. Given its population size, geographical scale, economic power and military presence, China is poised to play a larger political role in the twenty-first century, and is thus perceived by the international community to have greater capacities, capabilities and responsibilities. At the same time, environmental stresses caused by China’s energy and resources demands have become increasingly evident in recent years, urging China to cultivate delicate diplomatic relations with its neighbors and strategic partners. Tensions have been seen in areas such as transboundary air pollution, cross-border water resources management and resources exploitation, and more recently...

Environmental Performance and Regional Innovation Spillovers

Palavras-chave: Acid Rain; Climate Change; Energy; Environmental Security; Transboundary Air Pollution; Water Resource Management; Asia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q34; Q48; Q42; Q53; Q54; Q56; Q58; O13; P28.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102508

Costantini, Valeria; Mazzanti, Massimiliano; Montini, Anna.

The achievement of positive environmental performance at national level could strongly depend on differences in local capabilities of both institutions and the private business sector. Environmental regulation alone is a weak instrument if the institutional and business environment cannot transform regulation strengths into opportunities. In this paper, we use the new environmental accounting matrix for polluting emissions now available for the 20 Italian Regions that covers 24 sectors and combines a shift-share approach with spatial econometric modelling. We provide evidence of the role played by internal innovation, innovation spillovers and regional policies in shaping the geographical distribution of environmental performance achievements.

The Economics of Endangered Species Poaching

Palavras-chave: Environmental Performance; Technological Innovation; Regional Spillovers; Polluting Emissions; Italian Regions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q55; Q56; R15.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94790

Abbott, Brant.

Designing Contracts for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation

Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Poaching; International trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; K42; Q56; Q57.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37707

Cordero Salas, Paula.

Reduction of carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) has been identified as a cost effective element of the post-Kyoto strategy to achieve long-term climate objectives. The success of REDD depends primarily on the design and implementation of a financial mechanism that provides land-holders sufficient incentives to participate in a REDD scheme. This paper proposes relational contracting as a more appropriate framework for analyzing proposed REDD incentive regimes rather than that of complete contracting enforcement because relational contracting relies upon mutual self-enforcement in a repeated transaction framework, which better suits the stylized facts of REDD. We characterize the optimal REDD relational contract and provide the...

The Effect of Social Capital on the Choice to Use Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Palavras-chave: Contracts; Incomplete enforcement; Carbon sequestration; Climate change; Institutions; Development.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Land Economics/Use; D86; K12; L14; O12; Q54; Q56.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61129

Munasib, Abdul B.A.; Jordan, Jeffrey L..

We investigate whether social capital in the form of community involvement affects farmers’ choice to use sustainable agricultural practices. Using associational memberships as a measure of community involvement we study its effects on agricultural practices among Georgia farmers. Our findings show that, first, community involvement had a positive effect on the decision to adopt sustainable agricultural practices, and, secondly, it also had a positive effect on the extent to which farmers adopt these practices. These findings establish an additional dimension to the benefits that would accrue to policies that promote social interaction and civic engagement in rural areas.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Adoption; Associational memberships; Community involvement; Social capital; Sustainable agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Z1; Q16; Q56.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104619

Regional and Sector Environmental Efficiency Empirical Evidence from Structural Shift-share Analysis of NAMEA data

Mazzanti, Massimiliano; Montini, Anna.

This paper provides new empirical evidence on regional–national disparities in environmental efficiency, based on case studies of Italy and the Lazio region, which includes the city of Rome. Shift-share analyses provide evidence on the drivers of environmental efficiency and on sector specificity. This confirms the usefulness of this method for studying the environmental economics realm, in order to investigate structural and efficiency factors at the level of within country environmental efficiency performance, even in light of the different shares of services. Our evidence shows that although the Rome region has achieved higher environmental performance compared to Italy mainly thanks to its being less industry based, some critical points in the energy...

How Trade Politics Affect Invasive Species Control

Palavras-chave: NAMEA; Shift Share; Regional Development; RAMEA; Emission Efficiency; Economic Efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; C67; D57; O4; O18; Q53; Q56.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50360

Margolis, Michael; Shogren, Jason F..

Trade has become the main mode of transport for many invasive species including diseases and agricultural pests. Most species are brought to their new homes unintentionally, which constitute a market failure rooted in international trade. Unless it is practical to drive invasion risk to zero, the external costs may justify a tariff. In this paper we analyze the political process likely to govern the formation of tariffs so justified, using a straightforward incorporation of an invasive species externality into Grossman and Helpman's well-known political economy model. We show our measure of disguised protectionism -the gap between the optimal tariff and that set in the equilibrium of the political economy game- is equal to the tariff that would be set if...

Does Agricultural Trade Liberalization under FTA Reduce Pollution from Agriculture? : The Case of the Japan-Korea FTA

Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Protectionism; Tariff; Political economy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q17; Q56; Q57.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10770

Yamamoto, Yasutaka; Sawauchi, Daisuke; Masuda, Kiyotaka.

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate over agricultural trade and environment by asking: Does agricultural trade liberalization under free trade agreement (FTA) reduce pollution from agriculture? In order to contribute to answering the above research question, we measure the potential impact of environmental pollution from agriculture caused by agricultural trade liberalization under the Japan-Korea FTA (JKFTA), using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and the OECD Nitrogen Balance Database. The scenario we model assumes the complete removal of all import tariffs between Japan and Korea, not only in the agricultural sector but in non-agricultural sectors, as well. The results show the JKFTA is likely to lead to an overall...

Marketing Underutilized Plant Species for the Poor

Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Free trade agreement; Computable general equilibrium modeling; Agriculture; Japan; Korea; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C68; F14; F15; F18; Q17; Q56.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9969

Gruere, Guillaume P.; Smale, Melinda; Giuliani, Alessandra.

Underutilized plant species are defined as agricultural or non-timber forest species that are locally abundant in developing countries but globally rare. Scientific information about them is scant and their use is currently limited relative to their economic potential. Some are potentially high-value crops and they all contribute to agricultural biodiversity and the livelihood of the poor. Despite a growing body of scientific literature on underutilized species, to our knowledge, agricultural economics literature has contributed little to the understanding of how to commercialize these crops of plant products successfully. In this paper we first define what economic factors characterize underutilized plant species. Our classification of species is based...

Factor-Augmenting Technical Change: An Empirical Assessment

Palavras-chave: Agricultural marketing; Agricultural biodiversity; Economic development; Crop Production/Industries; Q13; O13; Q56.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25742

De Cian, Enrica.

Starting from a system of factor demands, an empirical model that allows estimating factor-augmenting technical change is derived. Factor-augmenting technical change is defined as the improvement in factor productivities that can occur either exogenously or endogenously, with changes in other macroeconomic variables. This paper provides additional estimates for the substitution possibilities among inputs and it offers new empirical evidence on the direction and sources of factor-augmenting technical change, an issue that has not yet been explored by the empirical literature on growth determinants. The empirical findings suggest that technical change is directed. Technical change tends to be more energy-saving than capital- and labour-saving. Both R&D...

Genetically Engineering Crops for a Sustainable Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Factor-Augmenting Technical Change; Technology Spillovers; Panel Data; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C3; O47; Q55; Q56.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50403

Ervin, David E.; Welsh, Rick.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; Q24; Q25; Q55; Q56; Q57.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94765

Trade in Environmental Goods, with Focus on Climate-Friendly Goods and Technologies

Consumer Attitudes towards Sustainability Attributes on Food Labels

Zhang, ZhongXiang.

Paragraph 31(iii) of the Doha Ministerial Declaration mandates to the liberalization of environmental goods and services. This mandate offers a good opportunity to put climate-friendly goods and services on a fast track to liberalization. Agreement on this paragraph should represent one immediate contribution that the WTO can make to fight against climate change. This paper presents the key issues surrounding the liberalization of trade in climate-friendly goods and technologies in WTO environmental goods negotiations. It begins with discussing what products to liberalize and how. Given that WTO Members are divided by this key issue, the paper explores options to move current negotiations on the liberalization of trade in environmental goods and...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Environmental Goods and Services; Low-Carbon Goods and Technologies; Market Access; Doha Round; WTO; Renewable Energy Technologies; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; F13; P28; Q42; Q48; Q56; Q54; Q58; Q48.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119099

Tait, Peter R.; Miller, Sini; Abell, Walter L.; Kaye-Blake, William; Guenther, Meike; Saunders, Caroline M..

Concerns about climate change and the general status of the environment have increased expectation that food products have sustainability credentials, and that these can be verified. There are significant and increasing pressures in key export markets for information on Greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of products throughout its life-cycle. How this information is conveyed to consumers is a key issue. Labelling is a common method of communicating certain product attributes to consumers that may influence their choices. In a choice experiment concerning fruit purchase decisions, this study estimates willingness to pay for sustainability attributes by consumers in Japan and the UK. The role of label presentation format is investigated: text only, text and...