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Design and construction of a mechanized charcoal-fueled corn roaster CIGR Journal
Sobowale, Sunday; Omotoso, Oluwole; Olatidoye, Olawale; Olayanju, Adeniyi; Mulaba-Bafubiandi, Antoine.
The economic situation in most developing countries has left farmers and processors operating at small scale and under unhygienic environment. The productivity is often too low to justify labor and time investment. With respect to the challenges particularly associated with roasting of corn, a roaster was designed, constructed and its performance evaluated. The mechanized charcoal fuelled corn roaster consists of a frame, roasting unit, charcoal tray, air blowing unit and a power transmission system. The functional efficiency of the machine at different roasting temperatures of 100, 130 and 150 oC ranged between 88 and 94%, while the roasting capacity and roasting time ranged between 40 and 54 fresh corns per hour in 22 and 30 min, respectively. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Corn roaster; Corn; Design and construction; Sensory evaluation; Food security.
Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5975
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A mathematical model for predicting the drying rate of cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao L.) in a hot air dryer using dimensional analysis CIGR Journal
Nwakuba, Nnaemeka Reginald.
Development of a mathematical model for predicting the drying rate of a thin layer cocoa bean in a convective hot air dryer using dimensional analysis based on the Buckingham’s π theorem is presented. Results obtained show that drying rate decreases as the moisture level reduces due to increase in the intra-particle resistance to internal moisture migration of the cocoa beans. High coefficients of determination of 94.7%, 94.7% and 99.5% at temperatures of 60, 70 and 80oC respectively between the predicted and experimental values showed that the method is good. The model was validated with data obtained from an existing thin layer convective dryer and there was no significant difference between the experimental drying rate and the predicted values at 5%...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agric. Engineering; Crop Processing engineering cocoa bean; Thin layer drying; Dimensional analysis; Drying rate; Prediction equation..
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/4107
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Efficacy of bio-insecticides on Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) in laboratory and field conditions CIGR Journal
Hosseinzadeh, Abbas; Aramideh, Shahram; Ghassemi-Kahrizeh, akbar.
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a devastating pest of tomato. This pest is becoming resistant to many of the pesticides that used in the tomato fields. In this research, the efficacy of four bio-insecticides namely, thiocyclam, spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis and azadirachtin (Azadirachta indica) were studied on the tomato leaf miner in the laboratory and field conditions. Laboratory experiments were performed in a randomized complete plot design with three replications against 1st, 2nd and 3rd larvae. Field experiment was carried out on three larval stages based on recommended doses of pesticides in the form of a completely randomized block. The results showed that in laboratory conditions, LC50 values and lower and upper bond with 95% confidence limits of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Assistant Professor Tomato leaf miner; Bacillus thuringiensis; Spinosad; Azadirachtin; Thiocyclam.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5166
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Transport Efficiency of Straw for Energy Utilization CIGR Journal
Zitnak, Miroslav.
Nowadays, straw is increasingly used in the world, not only within animal production but also as a source of energy. The technology of straw collection by baling into big bales has many advantages, the use of which is, however, restricted by an ineffective handling when transporting from fields. Currently used balers enable collecting of all types of stalky materials. Picked-up mass is cut and pressed in the baler as necessary. Balers are able to increase the baling pressure by more than 25 %. It follows that bales are reaching higher weights, i.e. the specific weight of bales and energy contained in them is increasing, too. Baling and transport of straw bales significantly influences the economic efficiency of heat generation from this product....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Transport efficiency; Straw bales; Energy.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3128
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Air and Spray Mixture Temperature Effects on Atomization of Agricultural Sprays CIGR Journal
Wesley Clint Hoffmann; USDA-ARS; Bradley K Fritz; USDA-ARS; Daniel E Martin; USDA-ARS.
spray drift associated with agrochemical operations is highly dependent upon the physical properties of the spray solution with respect to how they influence atomization.  This study examined two spray solutions across a wide range of solution temperatures for two nozzles spraying into two high speed airstreams.  The dynamic surface tension and viscosity of the spray solutions were also measured across the range of temperatures.  Generally as the solution temperature increased, the dynamic surface tension and viscosity both decreased.  This decrease in physical properties was directly related to the decrease in spray droplet size for all nozzles and airspeeds tested.  Monitoring of spray solution temperature throughout the spray system of a typical...
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1730
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The effect of superabsorbent and biological fertilizers under water deficit stress on leaf area index, relative water content and yield of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) CIGR Journal
sorkhi, farshad.
To investigate the effect of soil additives in reducing the effect of water deficit stress on sugar beet, an experiment was performed as a combined analysis in two regions based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Experimental treatments were location factor at two levels of Miandoab and Malekan, water deficit stress factor at three levels of 50 mm (Lack of stress), 110 mm (moderate stress) and 170 mm (severe stress) evaporation from class A evaporation pan and soil additive factor at four levels of control (no soil additives), superabsorbent, mycorrhiza and livestock manure. In the present study, the use of soil additive treatments in both regions were able to improve the yield of pure sugar compared to control. In irrigation...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Ano: 2024 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/8687
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Experimental analyses of drying characteristics of selected food samples CIGR Journal
Datta, Ashis Kumar.
The objective of this work was to separately study the various aspects of drying. Agricultural produce were selected across various categories and their drying curves, prediction of the drying rates during constant rate periods of drying, the critical moisture contents and finally whether drying in the falling rate was capillary controlled or diffusion controlled were studied. Palm candy solution was included in the study to analyze the diffusivity values for a solution. Drying experiments were conducted with convective hot air flow in cabinet tray dryer. In case of palm candy solution and potato slices, drying was mainly capillary controlled in the falling rate period. The constant drying rate Rc in case of palm candy solution and potato slices were 2.986...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Food Process Engineering; Drying of foods Drying rates; Capillary controlled; Diffusion controlled; Moisture diffusivity.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5022
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Modelling temperature and slice thickness effect on b-carotene, carbohydrate and moisture contents of orange-fleshed sweet potato flour CIGR Journal
Ezeoha, Sunday Louis; Ide, Patrick Ejike; Ifeanyieze, Chiamaka Ebube.
In this study, the effect of oven temperature (OT) and slice thickness (ST) of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) on Beta-carotene, carbohydrate, and moisture contents of OFSP flour was determined. A 22 full factorial experimental design with two replications was used.   The washed, peeled and sliced OFSP roots were dried to constant weights in an oven. The dried slices were milled into flour using a grinder and then sieved using a 200 µm sieve to achieve particle size uniformity. The colour parameters, carbohydrate, and moisture contents of the resultant flour were determined. Statistical analyses were done using Design Expert 12 software at (p < 0.05) significance level. Results showed that OT had significantly negative effect...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Ano: 2024 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/8543
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Performance Evaluation of a Medium Size Charcoal Cooler Installed in the Field for Temporary Storage of Horticultural Produce CIGR Journal
Shitanda Douglas; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology; Oluoch Otieno Kenneth; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology; Pascall A Melvin; Michigan State University.
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Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1596
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Development and Performance Analysis of Low Cost Combined Harvester for Rabi Crops CIGR Journal
JAWLEKAR, SAGAR BHASKARRAO; SHELARE, SAGAR DNYANESHWAR.
The number of farmers in India especially in Vidarbha Maharashtra is decreasing due to the continuous loss in cultivation. Harvesting technique is one of the primary reasons behind losses. Manual harvesting is dreary and tedious. To overcome this issue harvesting machines are accessible yet these are substantial and costly. Since farmers with small lands have constrained utilization and furthermore harvesting is done hardly twice or thrice in a year, so it is difficult to afford expensive machines. So, there is a need to develop a small scale and cost-efficient harvesting machine which is affordable and also evacuates the issue of manual harvesting. In the proposed research work combined harvester is manufactured and tested for wheat and rice. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Harvesting; Performance analysis; Combine; Grain damage.
Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5429
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Last generation instrument for agriculture multispectral data collection CIGR Journal
Marinello, Francesco.
In recent years, the acquisition and analysis of multispectral data are gaining a growing interest and importance in agriculture.  On the other hand, new technologies are opening up for the possibility of developing and implementing sensors with relatively small size and featuring high technical performances.  Thanks to low weights and high signal to noise ratios, such sensors can be transported by different types of means (terrestrial as well as aerial vehicles), giving new opportunities for assessment and monitoring of several crops at different growing stages or health conditions.  The choice and specialization of individual bands, within the electromagnetic spectrum ranging from the ultraviolet to the infrared, plays a fundamental role in the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; Sensors wavelengths vegetation indices multiband imaging synchronized measurement.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3939
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Prevention aspects for avoiding run-over incidents with self-propelled agricultural machinery CIGR Journal
Mayrhofer, Hannes; Quendler, Elisabeth; Boxberger, Josef.
Run-overs are one of the most common incident scenarios with tractors, self-propelled harvesting and load transportation machines in Austrian agriculture.  The aim of the study was to describe sustainable prevention measures against these kinds of incidents.  For this purpose, the compliance with safety standards and directives in new machinery was investigated, currently available prevention equipment was identified and manufacturers were asked about the difficulties in the implementation of prevention measures against run-overs in new vehicles.  In addition, a literature and internet research was done.  The evaluation of new machines showed that self-propelled harvesting machines and tractors tended to be more frequently equipped with relevant safety...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Accident Prevention agricultural machinery; Run-over; Incident; Prevention.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2853
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Tillage and irrigation methods effects on energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in grain corn production CIGR Journal
Afzalinia, Sadegh.
In this study, the effect of tillage and irrigation methods on energy use, energy indices, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of grain corn production was evaluated. The research was conducted in the form of a split plot experimental design with three replicates in Fars province, Iran. Main plots were irrigation methods including surface irrigation (gated pipe), drip irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation. Tillage methods including no-till (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) were considered as sub plots in this research. Results showed that irrigation method had significant effect on energy use, output energy, energy indices, and GHG emissions of grain corn production, while tillage method had significant influence only on energy use,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Energy indices; Irrigation water; Output energy; Tillage methods.
Ano: 2022 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/6909
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Design and development of a vertical plate precision seed metering device with positive seed knockout mechanism CIGR Journal
Sharma, Tejendra; K.N., Dewangan.
Planting of seeds according to agronomical requirements is one of the most important and critical farm operations for crop cultivation. Placing of seeds at proper location is required to maintain plant to plant spacing in a row. A vertical plate precision seed metering device was designed and developed for field pea. Cells with three different depths of 8.48, 8.85 and 9.22 mm and three shapes of 20o, 30o and 40o left side angles were designed to obtain nine different plates. A seed metering device with different plates was fabricated and mounted on experimental setup. Performance of the metering device was evaluated under laboratory condition at three speeds of 37.04, 44.45 and 51.86 rpm. The results showed occurrence of stuck up seeds in the cells and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Planter; Missing hills; Vertical plate; Stuck; Seed knockout.
Ano: 2023 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5831
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Design and test of a pneumatic precision metering device for wheat CIGR Journal
Satti Hassan Yasir; Department of Agricultural Mechanization, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuahn-China; QingXi Liao; Department of Agricultural Mechanization, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuahn-China; Jiajia Yu; Department of Agricultural Mechanization, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuahn-China; Dali He; Department of Agricultural Mechanization, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuahn-China.
The objective of this study was to apply the precision metering on wheat seeding to overcome seed damage, seed loss and non-uniform distribution.  Accordingly, a prototype of the pneumatic precision metering device for wheat was developed.  The performance of the device, including quality of feed index (QFI), multiple index (MULI), miss index (MISI) and seed rate expressed in number of kernels per meter length (KPM), was investigated under laboratory conditions in Wuhan using a test stand with camera system.  The results revealed that the rotating speed (RS) and negative pressure (NP) and their interactions had a significant effect on these variables.  The maximum QFI (92.98%) was obtained at rotating speed of 19.0 rpm and negative pressures of 2.5 kPa...
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Experiments; Performance indices; Pneumatic precision metering device.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2073
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Classification of papaya crispiness based on mechanical properties CIGR Journal
Terdwongworakul, Anupun.
This research investigated an objective technique for the classification of papaya varieties based on crispiness. Five varieties of papaya were sampled with variation in crispiness. The papaya samples were mechanically tested using texture profile analysis and rectangular blade cutting methods. Discriminant analysis based on the mechanical properties measured using rectangular blade cutting was performed to develop a classification model. The obtained discriminant model was capable of classifying the papaya samples into five different groups with an accuracy of 82.4%.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Papaya; Classification; Mechanical properties.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3472
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Delivering knowledge and solutions at your fingertips:strategy for mobile app development in agriculture CIGR Journal
Xin, Jiannong.
The mobile revolution transformed our lives in the ways we socialize and conduct business.  Today, mobile technology is an essential element of every aspect of digital success. More people are accessing the Internet through mobile devices than through wired connections.  Mobile device users are always connected, actively leveraging information, knowledge and social activities.  The rapid growth of mobile usage in the world created many opportunities that leverage the ubiquity of mobile networks.  Clearly mobile revolution will continue, and organizations not only create mobile strategy, they devote more resources to deliver innovative mobile services and next must-have applications (apps) for the agricultural sector.  There are many design challenges and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Information Technology in Agriculture mobile technology and apps; Cross platform; Agriculture.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3255
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Design, Fabrication and Thermal Evaluation of Lemang (Rice Bamboo) Cooking Device Integrated with Continuous Rotating System CIGR Journal
Sagita, Diang; Rahayuningtyas, Ari; Kurniawan, Yose Rizal; Novrinaldi, Novrinaldi.
Lemang is one of the typical Malay food made from white glutinous rice and is cooked inside a bamboo stalk cavity using a direct open fire method. An existing cooking technique is still using manual methods especially for turning the bamboo so it becomes harmful for hand. This research aims to design, fabricate and evaluate a lemang rice cooking device integrated with a continuous rotating system. The methods used in this study were: 1) functional analysis of the design, 2) structural analysis of the design using computer-aided design (CAD), 3) manufacturing a prototype, 4) testing and evaluating the cooking device. Performance evaluation was conducted for observing heat distribution in bamboo and specific energy consumption during the cooking process. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Bamboo; Cooking device; Design; Lemang glutinous rice; Rotating system.
Ano: 2021 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/6869
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Peak discharge estimation to evaluate and monitor the Gumbasa Watershed performance, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia CIGR Journal
Naharuddin, Naharuddin Naharuddin; Sadeghi, Seyed Mohammad Moein; Malik, Adam; Rosyid, Abdul; Ahyauddin, Ahyauddin.
One of the appropriate strategies to evaluate watershed health is by determining peak discharge. This is associated with the influence of frequent floods and landslides on the changes in the carrying capacity of Gumbasa watershed. It was also attached to the accelerated forest and land degradation due to encroachment, especially in the upstream. This study aims to determine the estimated peak discharge of three sub-watersheds, including Lindu, Palolo, and Gumbasa to monitor and evaluate the performance of the main watershed. This was conducted using a rational method with a combined and average flow coefficient approach, while the rainfall intensity was calculated based on the longest concentration time. The results showed the flow coefficient in the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Hydrology; Watershed; Runoff coefficient; Peak discharge.
Ano: 2021 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/6723
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Event-based sediment yield modelling using MUSLE in north-central Nigeria CIGR Journal
Mbajiorgu, Constantine; Adegede, Peter Ameh.
The misapplication of empirical hydrologic models with disregard to the spatial context of their development and application is rife. The Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) model was calibrated and validated for Ofuloko Watershed (612ha) in North-Central Nigeria. Hydro-meteorological data for 20 rainfall events (occurring from 2nd June to 14th July 2017) were obtained from a station installed adjacent the watershed. The control points of the Ofuloko Watershed were obtained at 10m intervals from a survey conducted with a hand-held GPS receiver to delineate the watershed and generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in Surfers 10 environment. Sediment yield was measured at the watershed outlet and soil samples obtained from the watershed was...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5231
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