SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Davis, Kristin E.; Ekboir, Javier M.; Mekasha, Wendmsyamregne; Ochieng, Cosmas M.O.; Spielman, David J.; Zerfu, Elias.

This paper examines the role of postsecondary agricultural education and training (AET) in Sub-Saharan Africa in the context of the region’s agricultural innovation systems. Specifically, the paper looks at how AET in Sub-Saharan Africa can contribute to agricultural development by strengthening innovative capabilities, or the ability to introduce new products and processes that are socially or economically relevant to smallholder farmers and other agents in the agricultural sector. Using AET in Ethiopia and Mozambique as case studies, the paper argues that while AET is conventionally viewed in terms of its role in building human and scientific capital, it also has a vital role to play in building the capacity of organizations and individuals to transmit...

Rural Innovation Systems and Networks: Findings from a Study of Ethiopian Smallholders

Palavras-chave: Agricultural education and training; Innovation systems; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ethiopia; Mozambique; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42363

Spielman, David J.; Davis, Kristin E.; Negash, Martha; Ayele, Gezahegn.

Agriculture in Ethiopia is changing. New players, relationships, and policies are influencing how smallholders access and use information and knowledge. Although this growing complexity suggests opportunities for Ethiopian smallholders, too little is known about how these opportunities can be effectively leveraged to promote pro-poor processes of rural innovation. This paper examines Ethiopia’s smallholder agricultural sector to provide qualitative insights into the interactions between smallholders and other actors in the agricultural sector and the contribution those interactions make to the smallholders’ innovation processes. Case studies of smallholder innovation networks in 10 communities suggest that public sector extension and administration exert a...

The bang for the Birr: Public expenditures and rural welfare in Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Agricultural Development; Innovation; Technology; Social Networks; Social Learning; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42332

Mogues, Tewodaj; Ayele, Gezahegn; Paulos, Zelekawork.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Government Spending Policy; Ethiopia; Rural Poor; Rural Social Service; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47223

Children's Educational Completion Rates and Dropouts in the Context of Ethiopia's National Poverty Reduction Strategy

Woldehanna, Tassew; Jones, Nicola; Tefera, Bekele.

A combination of quantitative and qualitative method was used to analyse the determinants of school completion/dropout of children from primary education. A Cox box proportional hazard model was used analyse the survival of children in primary education. The findings have important implications for the formulation and revising Ethiopian Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. While the policy focus of the 1996-initiated ESDP and the SDPRP (2002-5) on increasing educational access for all has been broadly successful, children from poor and/or highly indebted families still face significant constraints because they have to contribute to household survival through paid and unpaid work. It is therefore imperative to increase efforts to improve the livelihood options...

Meeting Food Aid and Price Stabilization Objectives through Local Grain Purchase: A Review of the 1996 Experience

Palavras-chave: Education; Children; Ethiopia; PRSP; Poverty; Survival analysis; Labor and Human Capital; A2; D1; J2.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25351

Amha, Wolday; Stepanek, Julie; Jayne, Thomas S.; Negassa, Asfaw.

The objective of this paper is to identify factors that can improve the ability of future local purchase activities to achieve a range of national food policy objectives. This analysis reviews the design and implementation of 1996 local purchase activities in Ethiopia in relation to three key policy objectives: price stabilization for farmers; promoting the development of a competitive and low-cost food marketing system; and procuring food aid resources in a cost effective manner.

Agricultural Technology Adoption and Rural Poverty: Application of an Endogenous Switching Regression for Selected East African Countries

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Food aid; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55596

Asfaw, Solomon; Shiferaw, Bekele A..

Achieving agricultural growth and development and thereby improving rural household welfare will require increased efforts to provide yield enhancing and natural resources conserving technologies. Agricultural research and technological improvements are therefore crucial to increase agricultural productivity and thereby reduce poverty. However evaluation of the impact of these technologies on rural household welfare have been very limited by lack of appropriate methods and most of previous research has therefore failed to move beyond estimating economic surplus and return to research investment. This paper evaluates the potential impact of adoption of modern agricultural technologies on rural household welfare measured by crop income and consumption...

Meeting Food Aid and Price Support Objectives through Local Grain Purchase: A Review of the 1996 Experience in Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Rural household welfare; Technology adoption; Propensity score matching; Endogenous switching; Ethiopia; Tanzania; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C13; C15; O32; O38.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97049

Commodity-based Trade and Market Access for Developing Country Livestock Products: The Case of Beef Exports from Ethiopia

Grain Marketing Research Project, Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation, Addis Ababa

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Food aid; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54956

Rich, Karl M.; Perry, Brian D.; Kaitibie, Simeon.

While Ethiopia is Africa’s largest livestock producer, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) barriers and animal diseases have traditionally constrained market access. A system dynamics model examined the feasibility of a proposed SPS certification system under a number of scenarios. Model results indicate that the system may not be viable for beef exports to Middle Eastern markets. However, the binding constraint is high domestic input costs rather than the costs of SPS compliance. Sensitivity analyses reveal that while investments in feed efficiency and animal productivity would enhance Ethiopia’s export competitiveness, the competitive nature of international beef markets may still prevent market access.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: SPS; Livestock; Market access; System dynamics; Ethiopia; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Q10; Q13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53794

Collective Action and Vulnerability: Burial Societies in Rural Ethiopia

Dercon, Stefan; Hoddinott, John; Krishnan, Pramila; Woldehanna, Tassew.

Collective action can help individuals, groups, and communities achieve common goals, thus contributing to poverty reduction. Drawing on longitudinal household and qualitative community data, the authors examine the impact of shocks on household living standards, study the correlates of participation in groups and formal and informal networks, and discuss the relationship of networks with access to other forms of capital. In this context, they assess how one form of collective action, iddir, or burial societies, help households attenuate the impact of illness. They find that iddir effectively deal with problems of asymmetric information by restricting membership geographically, imposing a membership fee, and conducting checks on how the funds were spent....

Identifying Asset Poverty Thresholds New methods with an application to Pakistan and Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Collective action; Burial societies; Shocks; Vulnerability; Poverty; Networks; Ethiopia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44356

Naschold, Felix.

Understanding how households escape poverty depends on understanding how they accumulate assets over time. Therefore, identifying the degree of linearity in household asset dynamics, and specifically any potential asset poverty thresholds, is of fundamental interest to the design of poverty reduction policies. If household asset holdings converged unconditionally to a single long run equilibrium, then all poor could be expected to escape poverty over time. In contrast, if there are critical asset thresholds that trap households below the poverty line, then households would need specific assistance to escape poverty. Similarly, the presence of asset poverty thresholds would mean that short term asset shocks could lead to long term destitution, thus...

WHY DOES POVERTY PERSIST IN RURAL ETHIOPIA?

Palavras-chave: Poverty dynamics; Semiparametric Estimation; Penalized Splines; Pakistan; Ethiopia; Consumer/Household Economics; I32; C14; O12.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19115

Bogale, Ayalneh; Hagedorn, Konrad; Korf, Benedikt.

This paper seeks to address the question: why does poverty persist in rural Ethiopia? We argue that it is largely a lack of entitlements to fundamental livelihood assets which urges poor rural farmers into livelihood diversification to make a living. We base our findings on empirical work, which is based on information gathered from a three-round survey of 149 rural households in Ethiopia during 1999/2000 cropping season. The FGT poverty index is employed to examine the extent and severity of rural poverty and reveals that nearly 40% of the sample households live below poverty line with average poverty gap of 0.047. The binary logit estimates shed light on factors behind the persistence of poverty and indicates that rural poverty is strongly linked to...

ON ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISK EXPOSURE IN THE NILE BASIN OF ETHIOPIA

Palavras-chave: Rural poverty; Livelihoods; Diversification; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25857

Di Falco, Salvatore; Veronesi, Marcella.

This study investigates the impact of climate change adaptation on farm households’ downside risk exposure (e.g., risk of crop failure) in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. The analysis relies on a moment-based specification of the stochastic production function. We estimate a simultaneous equations model with endogenous switching to account for the heterogeneity in the decision to adapt or not, and for unobservable characteristics of farmers and their farm. We find that (i) climate change adaptation reduces downside risk exposure, i.e., farm households that implemented climate change adaptation strategies get benefits in terms of a decrease in the risk of crop failure; (ii) farm households that did not adapt would benefit the most in terms of reduction in...

Farmers’ health and agricultural productivity in rural Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Endogenous switching; Ethiopia; Risk exposure; Stochastic production function; Skewness; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; D80; Q18; Q54.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115549

On trade efficiency in the Ethiopian agricultural markets

Ulimwengu, John M..

This paper estimates a stochastic production using household survey data to analyze the relationship between farmers’ health impediments and agricultural production efficiency in Ethiopia. The results show that healthy farmers produce more per unit of inputs, earn more income and supply more labor than farmers affected by sickness. The model results show that production inefficiency increases significantly with the number of days lost to sickness. This finding suggests that investing in the health sector in rural areas will not only improve farmers’ agricultural performance but also increase their income. Policymakers should therefore devise strategies that will maximize the contribution of health investments to agricultural productivity and the overall...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Health; Productivity; Stochastic frontier; Efficiency; Ethiopia; Health Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56902

The Bang for the Birr: Public Expenditures and Rural Welfare in Ethiopia

Quattri, Maria A..

The availability of enabling institutions, information systems and infrastructure is a precondition to enhance agricultural markets’ efficiency, and make market actors less vulnerable to price instability. This paper investigates whether the focus on institutional and technological upgrading is enough to make Ethiopian agricultural markets more efficient. In particular, given that a requirement for exchange efficiency is the lack of unexploited mutually beneficial spatial arbitrage opportunities, we look for evidence of increasing returns to transaction size and returns to scale in transport using detailed trader surveys collected in 2001 and 2007. Whilst transport costs could be reduced by assembling loads and avoiding trans-shipments for the...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Market efficiency; International Development; Risk and Uncertainty; O13; Q13.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122512

Mogues, Tewodaj; Ayele, Gezahegn; Paulos, Zelekawork.

This paper explores and compares the impact of different types of public spending on rural household welfare in Ethiopia. The analysis of public financial and household-level data reveals that returns to road investments are significantly higher than returns to other spending, but are much more variable across regions. This regional variability in returns to road investment suggests that the government should carefully consider region-differentiated investment priorities. Some evidence suggests that the returns to road spending are increasing over time, with higher returns to road investments seen in areas with better-developed road networks. Among the other types of public spending, the household expenditure impacts of per capita public expenditure in...

Farming or burning? shadow prices and farmer’s impatience on the allocation of multi-purpose resource in the mixed farming system of Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Public investment; Public spending; Ethiopia; Rural welfare.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42411

Teklewold, Hailemariam.

In crop-livestock mixed farming system where farm yard manure (FYM) is considered as important multi-purpose resource such as source of soil organic matter, additional source of income and household source of energy, soil fertility depletion could takes place within the perspective of the household allocation pattern of FYM. This paper estimates structural FYM-allocation model in the presence of corner solution, with the objective of examining the role of various returns to FYM and farmer’s impatience on the propensity to allocate FYM for alternative purposes. We illustrate the model using data based on a random sample of 493 farm households in the central highlands of Ethiopia. We find that the higher the selling price of FYM is the higher the incentive...

Computing Opportunity Costs of Growing Local Varieties for On-farm Conservation: Illustrations Using Sorghum Data from Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Impatience; Shadow price; Allocation; Farm yard manure; Ethiopia; Farm Management; Q01; Q12.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116080

Wale, Edilegnaw; Mburu, John G.; Estrella, Jaime.

The recent shift of emphasis to on-farm conservation is driven by its diverse attractive features - participatory nature, dynamic nature, capacity to maintain not only crop diversity but the knowledge that evolves with it, the chance it offers and the challenge it brings to link conservation with farmers' livelihood. To make it operational, placing incentives and removal of perverse incentives are of critical importance. However, before placing sound incentives compatible to farmers' circumstances, the opportunity costs farmers face when using local varieties of public interest should be understood. This paper empirically examines farmers' opportunity costs of maintaining local varieties of sorghum using a household survey data collected from 198 sorghum...