SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Badrie, Neela; Jolly, Curtis M.; De Leon, Sonia Y..

Bridgetown, Barbados 6th – 10th July, 2009

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Melamine; Health Effects; Food Control; Food Recall; Economic; Tolerable Daily Limits; Health Economics and Policy; I18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122662

Promotion and Fast Food Demand: Where's the Beef?

Richards, Timothy J.; Padilla, Luis.

Many believe that fast food promotion is a significant cause of the obesity epidemic in North America. Industry members argue that promotion only reallocates brand shares and does not increase overall demand. This study weighs into the debate by specifying and estimating a discrete/continuous model of fast food restaurant choice and food expenditure that explicitly accounts for both spatial and temporal determinants of demand. Estimates are obtained using a unique panel of Canadian fast food consumers. The results show that promotion primarily increases demand and has very little effect on restaurant market shares.

The Impact of Food Environment on Branded vs. Private Label Produce Choice

Palavras-chave: Consumer demand; Discrete choice; Fast food; Pricing strategy; Promotion; Spatial modeling; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; C25; D12; I18; L66; M31.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7711

Schroeter, Christiane; Cai, Xiaowei.

Over the past two decades, U.S. food retailers are providing more organic private label foods (PLs) which are directly competing with the National Brand (NB) products. From a policy perspective, an increased availability of high-quality PL products might provide consumers with a more affordable way to cover their produce consumption. Using a two-step Heckman selection model, we estimate the impact of purchase information, demographics, and food environment on the purchasing likelihood and expenditure shares of PL organic vs. conventional spinach. Results show that food context, most notably food availability, access, and adult obesity rate, significantly influences organic PL spinach choice.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Brand Loyalty; Quality; Private label; Food Environment; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; D12; R23.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123197

Does Where You Live Make You Fat? Obesity and Access to Chain Grocers

Chen, Susan E.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Snyder, Samantha D..

This paper investigates the role that aspects of the physical environment play in determining health outcomes in adults as measured by body mass index (BMI). Using spatial econometric techniques that allow for spatial spillovers and feedback processes, this research specifically examines how differing levels of access to large chain grocers has on individual health outcomes. While other studies have investigated the impact of proximity to food retailers, the point-coordinate data used in this paper is uniquely suited to spatial econometric estimation at the individual level. In addition to modeling spatial dependence and allowing for unobserved neighborhood effects, the flexibility of the model is increased by incorporating potential spatial...

Take off the heater: Utility effect and food environment effect in food consumption decisions

Palavras-chave: Body mass index; Obesity; Spatial dependence; Obesogenic environments; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C31; D12; I12; I18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53838

Lombardini-Riipinen, Chiara; Lankoski, Leena.

In this paper, we describe individual food consumption decisions as driven by a utility effect and a food environment effect. To outline the utility effect, we first develop a new theoretical model of individual food consumption. Next, we introduce the food environment effect by showing how the food environment can affect food consumption decisions and how this can skew the resulting food consumption vector. Finally, we analyse manipulations of the food environment as a potential form of policy intervention. Our key result is that the food environment has several entry points in food consumption decisions and that libertarian paternalistic manipulations of the food environment can be effective, easily implemented, well-accepted and low-cost intervention...

Traceability and Labelling of GMOs as a Framework for Risk Management in European Regulation

Palavras-chave: Behavioural economics; Bounded rationality; Bounded self-control; Cognitive biases; Food choice; Food consumption; Food environment; Food intake; Health; Identity; Social norms; Visceral factors; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D03; D11; I18; Z13.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116431

Charlier, Christophe.

Traceability and labelling are required by European regulation for food produced from GMOs. For this regulation one of the main advantages of traceability consists in providing information that should allow the precise withdrawal of products from the production process. This paper tests this idea. For that purpose, it seeks to establish whether the mandatory traceability will create an information set refined enough to locate GMO products in the production process. In this respect, the limits of the European regulation are pointed out. It is shown however that results are improved as soon as labelling is introduced alongside the requirement of traceability.

The Effects of the Food Stamp Program on Energy Balance and Obesity

Palavras-chave: Traceability; Labelling; GMO; Risk management; Food safety; Risk and Uncertainty; I18; K32; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24700

Parks, Joanna C.; Smith, Aaron D.; Alston, Julian M..

The Food Stamp Program (FSP) administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the cornerstone of the U.S. federal income and food safety net policy. The FSP has subsidized the food budget for millions of American households for over forty years, spending more than $60 billion per year in recent times. Prior research has demonstrated that women who participate in the FSP are more likely to be overweight or obese than eligible non-participants. This finding raises the concern that the additional income provided by FSP benefits induces participants to eat significantly more calories and gain weight, contributing to the U.S. obesity epidemic. Previous studies of the FSP have yielded mixed results. In this study we develop new conceptual and...

A Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework for Food-borne Pathogens

Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program (FSP); Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP); Obesity; Body mass index (BMI); Nutrition assistance; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Q18; H53; I12; I18; I38.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103537

Henson, Spencer J.; Caswell, Julie A.; Cranfield, John A.L.; Fazil, Aamir; Davidson, Valerie J.; Anders, Sven M.; Schmidt, Claudia.

To lower the incidence of human food-borne disease, experts and stakeholders have urged the development of a science- and risk-based management system in which food-borne hazards are analyzed and prioritized. A literature review shows that most approaches to risk prioritization developed to date are based on measures of health outcomes and do not systematically account for other factors that may be important to decision making. The Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework developed here considers four factors that may be important to risk managers: public health, consumer risk perceptions and acceptance, market-level impacts, and social sensitivity. The framework is based on the systematic organization and analysis of data on these multiple factors....

The Benefits of Contaminated Site Cleanup Revisited: The Case of Naples and Caserta, Italy

Palavras-chave: Risk analysis; Risk prioritization; Food-borne pathogens; Benefits and costs; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; L51; Q00; K32; H11.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7385

Alberini, Anna; Scasny, Milan; Guignet, Dennis; Tonin, Stefania.

Guerriero and Cairns (2009) recently estimate that contaminated sites and improper waste management result in 848 excess deaths per year in the provinces of Naples and Caserta in Southern Italy, 403 of which are fatal cancers. In the absence of estimates of the Value of a Prevented Fatality (VPF) in Italy or specific to the hazardous waste context, they use figures recommended by DG-Environment. Contrary to their claims, estimates of the VPF are available for Italy that are specific to the hazardous waste context, and for causes of death that have been linked to contaminated site exposures. We review them in this paper. We also produce new estimates of the cancer VPF using data from a recent survey conducted in Milan, Italy, in late November to...

An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Fat Taxes: Prices Effects, Food Stigma, and Information Effects on Economics Instruments to Improve Dietary Health

Palavras-chave: Value of a Prevented Fatality; Stated Preferences; Hazardous Waste Sites; Contaminated Sites; Cancer; Mortality Benefits; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Health Economics and Policy; I18; J17; K32; Q51; Q53.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92786

Cash, Sean B.; Lacanilao, Ryan D.; Adamowicz, Wiktor L.; Raine, Kim.

There is currently no published research on how food taxes may affect consumer behaviour when the imposition of the tax itself may be considered a source of consumer information. The work undertaken here seeks to address this gap in the literature by using experimental methods to enhance understanding on the joint effects of price changes induced by a fat tax and the stigma associated with the application of the tax. First, we conduct an interdisciplinary literature review (drawing from economics, psychology, and health promotion) and theoretical investigation of the impact of stigma on economic choice behaviours. We then employ Attribute-Based Stated Choice Methods (ABSCM) to elicit consumer response to fat tax scenarios that rely only on price changes,...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Health policy; Fat taxes; Warning labels; Choice experiments; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45499

Oil and Water Don't Mix: Risk on Tap in Western Siberia

Wernstedt, Kris.

In common with other areas throughout the Russian Federation, western Siberia faces formidable environmental pollution, a problem that in part is the legacy of the highly centralized Soviet era when meeting production quotas was the raison d'être for many managers of economic enterprises. In this region, over the last thirty years the near singular focus on short term oil production has led to severe contamination of the area's surface and groundwater supplies, threatening both human and ecological health. At the same time, revenues from continued oil extraction may provide the means to address some of the environmental problems. In light of the struggling economy and potential political instability, however, it is particularly critical that authorities...

Cost Efficiency of Critical Access Hospitals

Palavras-chave: Transitional economies; Drinking water; Oil contamination; Health risk; Prioritization; Least cost planning; Russia; Siberia; Environmental Economics and Policy; I18; Q28.

Ano: 1996

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10887

Nedelea, I. Cristian; Fannin, James Matthew; Barnes, James N..

This study used a stochastic frontier cost model to analyze whether the policy changes that created Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) caused an increase in the cost inefficiency of these hospitals or their cost inefficiency was brought about by other factors that were similar to all rural hospitals. The estimated mean cost inefficiency of CAH was 25 percent while that of non-CAH rural hospitals was 17.6 percent. However, the estimated results did not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that Medicare cost-based reimbursement was the main cause of higher cost inefficiency of CAHs. There might be other causes that can explain the higher cost inefficiency of CAHs such as the larger number of Medicaid and uninsured patients and the higher levels of...

Moral Hazard in a Mutual Health-Insurance System: German Knappschaften, 1867-1914

Palavras-chave: Critical access hospital; Rural hospital; Cost efficiency; Stochastic frontier model; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Health Economics and Policy; I18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56228

Guinnane, Timothy W.; Streb, Jochen.

This paper studies moral hazard in a sickness-insurance fund that provided the model for social-insurance schemes around the world. The German Knappschaften were formed in the medieval period to provide sickness, accident, and death benefits for miners. By the mid-nineteenth century, participation in the Knappschaft was compulsory for workers in mines and related occupations, and the range and generosity of benefits had expanded considerably. Each Knappschaft was locally controlled and self-funded, and their admirers saw in them the ability to use local knowledge and good incentives to deliver benefits at low cost. The Knappschaft underlies Bismarck’s sickness and accident insurance legislation (1883 and 1884), which in turn forms the basis of the German...

Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union since the Fall of the Berlin Wall: Review of the Changes in the Environment and Natural Resources

Palavras-chave: Sickness insurance; Moral hazard; Knappschaft; Social insurance; Health Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics; N33; N43; H55; H53; I18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54533

Markandya, Anil; Chou, Wan-Jung.

This paper reviews the environmental record of the transition countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia since the fall of the Berlin Wall, with a focus on areas of key concern to public policy at the present time. With the impacts of environment on public health being given the highest priority, we examined several associated health indicators at the national level, as well as looking at important environmental issues at the local level. In this respect, we focus on environmental problems related to air and water quality, land contamination, and solid waste management. Despite showing a highly differentiated performance across the region, the results suggest that inadequate environmental management seen in several of the transition countries in the past...

Obesity in Urban Food Markets: Evidence from Geo-referenced Micro Data

Palavras-chave: Eastern Europe; Environmental Record; Public Health; Environmental Economics and Policy; N34; N54; I18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90951

Chen, Susan E.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Snyder, Samantha D..

This paper provides quantitative estimates of the effect of proximity to fast food restaurants and grocery stores on obesity in urban food markets. Our empirical model combined georeferenced micro data on access to fast food restaurants and grocery stores with data about salient personal characteristics, individual behaviors, and neighborhood characteristics. We defined a "local food environment" for every individual utilizing 0.5-mile buffers around a person's home address. Local food landscapes are potentially endogenous due to spatial sorting of the population and food outlets, and the body mass index (BMI) values for individuals living close to each other are likely to be spatially correlated because of observed and unobserved individual and...

Public policy and some-day smoking among adults

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Fast food; Grocery store; Spatial econometrics; Micro data; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C31; D12; I12; I18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49512

The Value and Cost of Restaurant Calorie Labels: Results from a Field Experiment

Tauras, John A..

While much is known about the impact of public policy on current cigarette smoking among adults, very little is known about the determinants of some-day smoking. This paper investigates the impact of cigarette prices, clean indoor air laws, and other socioeconomic factors on adult cigarette demand. Special emphasis is placed on examining the determinants of some-day smoking among adults. The estimates from this study clearly indicate that increasing the price of cigarettes, will decrease the number of people who currently smoke, will decrease the number of every-day smokers, and will decrease the number of cigarettes smoked on average among some-day smokers. Finally, clean indoor air laws are found to have a limited impact on current and some-day smoking.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Policy; Price; Smoking; Some-day; I18.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43879

Ellison, Brenna D.; Lusk, Jayson L.; Davis, David W..

Using field experiment data, we estimate a structural model of consumer demand to determine the value of information for restaurant menu labels. Our experimental design allows us to compare the effectiveness of calorie labels to a “fat tax” at reducing caloric intake. Results show numeric labels did not influence demand, but symbolic traffic light labels reduced the marginal utility of caloric intake. Our model projects both labels would reduce intake more than high-calorie taxes or low-calorie subsidies. Ultimately, traffic light calorie labels led to the largest reduction in caloric intake but also one of the largest reductions in restaurant net returns.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Menu labeling; Full-service restaurant; Calorie taxes/subsidies; Restaurant net returns; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; D04.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123529

EVALUATION WITH INADEQUATE DATA: THE IMPACT OF THE FRENCH VENDING MACHINE BAN

Capacci, Sara; Mazzocchi, Mario; Shankar, Bhavani.

We estimate the effects of the 2005 ban on vending machines in French schools using the 1998 and 2006 INCA nutrition surveys. These surveys contain no information on the presence of vending machines in schools attended by respondents, but the adoption of a Difference-in-Difference design, and a Regression Discontinuity Design enable us to obtain indirect estimates of the policy impact. Results are consistent and suggest that the measure has had a small but significant impact on teenager nutrition, especially in terms of reduced fat intakes.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123198

An Investigation of the Marketing of Butterfat by the Canadian Dairy Industry