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	Provedor de dados Naturalis (1) Autor Cowie, I.D. (1) Craven, L.A. (1) Palavra-chave Identification key (1) M. ferruginea (1) M. nervosa (1) Melaleuca (1) Myrtaceae (1) Taxonomy (1) Mais... Tipo do documento Article / Letter to the editor (1) Ano 2012 (1) País Netherlands (1)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 110 Primeira ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 ... Última Adoption of Genetically Modified Eggplant in India: An Ex Ante Analysis AgEcon Kolady, Deepthi; Lesser, William H.. Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/05. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Genetically Modified Crops; Bt Eggplant; Adoption; India; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O14; O33. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19262 Compliance with international food safety standards as an outcome of a Nash bargaining process: a case study on Kenyan small scale green beans farms AgEcon Nimenya, Nicodeme; Frahan, Bruno Henry de; Ndimira, Pascal-Firmin. This study provides a stylized model on “Exit, voice and loyalty” as alternative strategic responses taken by Kenyan green beans farmers in the context of new and more stringent international food safety standards. On the analytical side, we use the Nash bargaining theory where the exporter and a representative grower bargain over the product quality level and the premium producer price. The comparative statics analysis shows that the producer bargaining power unlike the compliance costs has, ceteris paribus, a positive effect on the equilibrium quality level while these exogenous variables have ambiguous effects on producer price at equilibrium. Empirical results from logit model estimation with survey data at farm-level in Kenya show that households with... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Bargaining; Small-scale farm; Voice; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D18; O17; O33; Q13; Q17. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53004 Innovation and Institutional Ownership AgEcon Aghion, Philippe; Van Reenen, John; Zingales, Luigi. We find that institutional ownership in publicly traded companies is associated with more innovation (measured by cite-weighted patents). To explore the mechanism through which this link arises, we build a model that nests the lazy-manager hypothesis with career-concerns, where institutional owners increase managerial incentives to innovate by reducing the career risk of risky projects. The data supports the career concerns model. First, whereas the lazy manager hypothesis predicts a substitution effect between institutional ownership and product market competition (and managerial entrenchment generally), the career-concern model allows for complementarity. Empirically, we reject substitution effects. Second, CEOs are less likely to be fired in the face of... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Career Concerns; Innovation; Institutional Ownership; Productivity and R&D; Financial Economics; G20; G32; O31; O32; O33. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93414 Did Agricultural Technological Changes Affect China’s Regional Disparity? AgEcon Liu, Xiaoyun; Wang, Xiuqing; Mao, Xuefeng; Luo, Wanchun; Xin, Xian. China’s agricultural sector has developed very rapidly in the past 30 years and agricultural technological progress is deemed one of the most substantial factors leading to its rapid agricultural GDP growth. In this paper, we assess the impacts of agricultural technological changes on regional disparity using a general equilibrium model of multiple regions and multiple sectors. Our results suggest that agricultural technological changes significantly reduced China’s agricultural regional disparity and accounted for 40% reduction in agricultural regional disparity in terms of agricultural GDP per capita. Agricultural technological changes, however, led to an increase in China’s overall regional disparity and accounted for 6% increase in its overall regional... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural technological change; Regional disparity; General equilibrium model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; R13; O18; O33; C67. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50322 Distinguishing Different Industry Technologies and Localized Technical Change AgEcon Sauer, Johannes; Morrison Paul, Catherine J.. When different technologies are present in an industry, assuming a homogeneous technology will lead to misleading implications about technical change and inefficient policy recommendations. In this paper a latent class modelling approach and flexible estimation of the production structure is used to distinguish different technologies for a representative sample of E.U. dairy producers, as an industry exhibiting significant structural changes and differences in production systems in the past decades. The model uses a transformation function to recognize multiple outputs; separate technological classes based on multiple characteristics, a flexible generalized linear functional form, a variety of inputs, and random effects to capture firm heterogeneity; and... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Heterogenous Technologies; Transformation Function; Localized Technical Change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; O33; C35. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99834 The Solaria Syndrome: Social Capital in a Growing Hyper-technological Economy AgEcon Antoci, Angelo; Sabatini, Fabio; Sodini, Mauro. We develop a dynamic model to analyze the sources and the evolution of social participation and social capital in a growing economy characterized by exogenous technical progress. Starting from the assumption that the well-being of agents basically depends on material and relational goods, we show that the best-case scenarios hold when technology and social capital both support just one of the two productions at the expenses of the other. However, trajectories are possible where technology and social interaction balance one another in fostering the growth of both the social and the private sector of the economy. Along such tracks, technology may play a crucial role in supporting a “socially sustainable” economic growth. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Technology; Economic Growth; Relational Goods; Social Participation; Social Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; J22; O41; Z13. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93415 Dynamics of Structural Transformation: An Empirical Characterization in the Case of China, Malaysia, and Ghana AgEcon Badibanga, Thaddee Mutumba; Diao, Xinshen; Roe, Terry L.; Somwaru, Agapi. The paper develops a metric of structural transformation that can account for the production of new varieties of goods embodying advancements in technological know-how and design. Our measure captures the dynamics of an economy’s transformation and can be viewed as an extension of Hausmann and Klinger’s static measure. We apply our measure to four-digit-level SITC trade data of China, Malaysia, and Ghana over the period 1962–2000. The results show that two important factors characterize the rapid transformation of the Chinese economy: the high proximity of its export basket to three main industrial clusters—capital goods, consumer durable goods, and intermediate inputs—and the increase in the values of the new goods belonging to those three clusters.... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Structural transformation; Discovery; Technological change; International Development; F19; O14; O33; O40. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50004 Estimating the Implicit Value of Crop Stubble as a Barrier to Technology Adoption in Morocco AgEcon Magnan, Nicholas; Larson, Douglas M.. For mixed cereal-livestock farmers, cereal production provides a bundle of goods. Grain is consumed by the household or sold at market, and crop residues are used as livestock feed. The straw component of crop residue can be bought and sold at market and therefore has a well-established local market price. Crop stubble, the portion of the crop residue left on the ground, is generally not traded and therefore has no market price. Some agricultural technologies require farmers to forgo using crop stubble as feed, and cultivation of high value crops entails sacrificing residue production altogether. In this paper we apply a structural econometric model to household data from Morocco to estimate the implicit value of crop stubble. We use a sample splitting... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Mixed cereal-livestock systems; Non-market valuation; Land use; Technology adoption; No-till; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; O33; Q12; Q24. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60858 Using Spatial Analysis to Study the Values of Variable Rate Technology and Information AgEcon Bullock, David S.; Lowenberg-DeBoer, James. We present a review of the last few years' literature on the economic feasibility of variable rate technology in agriculture. Much of the research on this topic has involved the estimation of site-specific yield response functions. Data used for such estimations most often inherently lend themselves to spatial analysis. We discuss the different types of spatial analyses that may be appropriate in estimating various types yield response functions. Then, we present a taxonomy for the discussion of the economics of precision agriculture technology and information. We argue that precision agriculture technology and information must be studied together since they are by nature economic complements. We contend that longer-term, multi-location agronomic... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; Spatial econometrics; Variable rate technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C31; O33; Q16. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25393 Cross-Border Securities Clearing and Settlement Infrastructure in the European Union as a Prerequisite to Financial Markets Integration: Challenges and Perspectives AgEcon de Carvalho, Cynthia Hirata. The importance of an efficient securities clearing and settlement system lies on the safer transfer of ownership of assets against payment. Such a system must be developed in a way to minimize the risks involved on securities transactions, and it must still offer lower costs, which do not hinder the intention to acquire or dispose securities. The cross-border securities clearing and settlement transactions within Europe, especially equities transactions, are still much higher and riskier than if cleared and settled domestically. The fragmented structure of local securities depositories is hindering the integration of financial markets in Europe, because investors are not stimulated to enjoy opportunities cross-border. Thus a smoothly functioning integrated... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Securities settlement systems; Settlement designs; Models for consolidation of depository institutions; Costs of cross-border securities transactions; Financial integration; Financial Economics; F30; G21; O33. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26138 Effects of Carbon Policies and Technology Change AgEcon MacAuley, Molly K.; Shih, Jhih-Shyang. We develop and estimate an index-based measure of expected consumer welfare under various carbon emissions control policies in the electricity generation sector. This approach estimates welfare effects by a somewhat less data intensive methodology than econometric approaches or more complex modeling. We include anticipated technological change in the production of renewable and nonrenewable power generation during the next two decades. We estimate welfare improvements from 2000 to 2020 as renewable energy technologies continue to be improved and gradually adopted, compared with a counterfactual scenario allowing for continual improvement of nonrenewable generation technology. We formally incorporate uncertainty. We evaluate the model under alternative... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon emissions control; Electricity generation; Technological change; Consumer welfare; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q40; Q42; O33. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10620 Obstacles to a Doubly Green Revolution AgEcon Blackman, Allen. Increasingly, conventional wisdom dictates that agrarian policy in developing countries should foster a "doubly green revolution" that both protects the environment and boosts output. Like the first green revolution, such a transformation will entail convincing millions of farmers to adopt new practices and, as a result, will confront well-documented barriers to technological change in developing-country agriculture. It will also face a number of new obstacles, including a divergence between the interests of policymakers and farmers, a policy environment biased in favor of input-intensive agriculture, and the fact that many environmentally friendly technologies entail relatively high set-up costs. At least in the short run, institutional constraints will... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Developing country; Green revolution; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; O33; Q2; Q16; Q18. Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10476 Information Programs for Technology Adoption: The Case of Energy-Efficiency Audits AgEcon Anderson, Soren T.; Newell, Richard G.. We analyze technology adoption decisions of manufacturers in response to energy audits provided by Department of Energy Industrial Assessment Centers. Using fixed effects logit estimation to control for unobserved plant characteristics, we find that plants respond as expected to financial costs and benefits, though there are unmeasured project-related factors that also influence investment decisions. Revealed behavior of plants suggests that most require a payback of 15 months or less as their investment threshold, corresponding to an 80% or greater hurdle rate. This is consistent with survey results for stated investment thresholds, suggesting that these programs do not lower hurdle rates, as some suggest. Plants reject about half of recommended projects;... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Energy efficiency; Information; Technology adoption; Energy audits; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q41; Q48; O33; O38. Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10916 Adoption of Variability Detection and Variable Rate Application Technologies by Cotton Farmers in Southern United States AgEcon Nair, Shyam; Wang, Chenggang; Segarra, Eduardo; Belasco, Eric J.; Velandia, Margarita M.; Reeves, Jeanne M.. A nested logit model was used to analyze the 2009 Southern Cotton Precision Farming Survey to study the impact of farmer and farm characteristics on the adoption of Variability Detection Technologies (VDT) and the adoption of Variability Rate application Technology (VRT) conditioned on the type of the VDT chosen. The results showed that the farm size and exposure to extension activities are important factors affecting the choice of VDTs. The farmers adopting both soil and plant based VDTs are more likely to adopt VRT. The probability of adoption of VRTs was lower for Texas cotton farmers irrespective of the type of VDT adopted. In general, younger, more educated farmers who use computers for farming operations are more likely to adopt VRT when they... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Precision Agriculture; Technology Adoption; Cotton; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; Q16. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103567 Human Capital, Complex Technologies, Firm Size and Wages: A Test of the O-Ring Production Hypotheses AgEcon Yu, Li; Orazem, Peter F.. Kremer’s O-Ring production theory (QJE, 1993) describes a process in which a single mistake in any one of several tasks in firm’s production process can lead to catastrophic failure of the product’s value. This paper tests the predictions of the O-Ring theory in the context of a single market for a relatively homogeneous product: hog production. Consistent with the theory, the most skilled workers concentrate in the largest and most technologically advanced farms and are paid more. As with observed skills, workers with the greatest endowments of unobserved skills also sort themselves into the largest and most technology intensive farms. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics; Farm Management; L11; O33; J43. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44873 Effects of Bt Cotton in India During the First Five Years of Adoption AgEcon Sadashivappa, Prakash; Qaim, Matin. While previous research has analyzed the impacts of Bt cotton in India, most available studies are based on one or two years of data only. We analyze the technology’s performance over the first five years of adoption, using panel data with three rounds of observations. On average, Bt adopting farmers realize pesticide reductions of about 40%, and yield advantages of 30-40%. Profit gains are in a magnitude of US $60 per acre. These benefits have been sustainable over time. Farmers’ satisfaction is reflected in a high willingness to pay for Bt seeds. Nonetheless, in 2006 Indian state governments decided to establish price caps at levels much lower than what companies had charged before. This intervention has further increased farmers’ profits, but the impact... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Bt cotton; Genetically modified crops; Farm survey; India; Seed markets; Technology adoption; Willingness to pay (WTP); Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O32; O33; Q16; Q55; Q58. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49947 Markets, Contracts, or Integration? The Adoption, Diffusion, and Evolution of Organizational Form AgEcon Sykuta, Michael E.; Klein, Peter G.; James, Harvey S., Jr.. The rise of contract farming and vertical integration is one of the most important changes in modern agriculture. Yet the adoption and diffusion of these new forms of organization has varied widely across regions, commodities, or farm types, however. Transaction cost theories and the like are not fully effective at explaining the variation of adoption rates of different organizational forms, in part because of their inherent static nature. In order to explain the adoption, diffusion and evolution of organizational form, a more dynamic framework is required. This paper lays out such a framework for understanding the evolution of organizational practices in U.S. agriculture by drawing on existing theories of economic organization, the diffusion of... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Contracting; Vertical integration; Organizational innovation; Diffusion; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; L14; L22; Q13; O33. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19390 Strategic Resource Dependence AgEcon Gerlagh, Reyer; Liski, Matti. We consider a situation where an exhaustible-resource seller faces demand from a buyer who has a perfect substitute but there is a time-to-build delay for the substitute. We that find in this simple framework the basic implications of the Hotelling model (1931) are reversed: over time the stock declines but supplies increase up to the point where the buyer decides to switch. Under such a threat of demand change, the supply does not reflect the true current resource scarcity but leads to increased future scarcity, felt during the transition to the substitute supplies. The analysis suggests a perspective on costs of oil dependence. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Dynamic Bilateral Monopoly; Markov-Perfect Equilibrium; Depletable Resources; Energy; Alternative Fuels; Oil Dependence; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D4; D9; O33; Q40. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44222 At Home and Abroad: An Empirical Analysis of Innovation and Diffusion in Energy-Efficient Technologies AgEcon Verdolini, Elena; Galeotti, Marzio. This paper contributes to the induced innovation literature by extending the analysis of supply and demand determinants of innovation in energy-efficient technologies to account for international knowledge flows and spillovers. In the first part of the paper we select a sample of 38 innovating countries and we study how knowledge related to energy-efficient technologies flows across geographical and technological space. We demonstrate that higher geographical and technological distances are associated with a lower probability of knowledge flow. In the second part of the paper, we use our previous estimates to construct stocks of internal and external knowledge for a panel of 17 countries and present an econometric analysis of the supply and demand... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Innovation; Technology Diffusion; Knowledge Spillovers; Energy-Efficient Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O33; Q55; C13. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56216 Adoption of Conservation-Tillage Methods and Genetically Modified Cotton AgEcon Roberts, Roland K.; English, Burton C.; Gao, Qi; Larson, James A.. Adoption of herbicide-tolerant cotton and conservation tillage may be simultaneously related. Bayes' theorem and a two-equation logit model were used to test the simultaneity hypothesis. Evidence for Tennessee suggests that adoption of these technologies reduced residual herbicide use and soil erosion more than if adoption of these technologies were independent. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Bayes' theorem; Conservation tillage; Cotton; Genetically modified crops; Herbicide tolerant crops; Simultaneous logit model; Technology adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q16; Q24; O33. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35293 Registros recuperados: 110 Primeira ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 ... Última

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