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Technologies for Meeting Future Global Demands for Food AgEcon
Crosson, Pierre; Anderson, Jock R..
Food can be produced under a number of technological conditions. Some observers hold that modern crop production technologies, typified by those embodied in the Green Revolution, are so intensive in the use of external inputs that they damage the environment and so are not sustainable. Those observers argue that "alternative" technologies that use fewer, safer external inputs mark the path toward agricultural sustainability. But the question arises: will those alternative technologies permit increases in global food production on the required scale? In this paper, we address this question and the conflicting arguments regarding the answer.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environment; Green revolution; Research and development; Technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10760
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The Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits to NSW from Investment in the CRC for Beef Genetics Technologies AgEcon
Griffith, Garry R.; Parnell, Peter F.; McKiernan, William A..
The Australian cattle and beef industry and the associated RD&E community recently developed a successful proposal for the CRC for Beef Genetic Technologies. The expected benefits from the proposed scientific programs of the renewed CRC were estimated using the DREAM economic modelling framework. A “top-down” assessment philosophy was used that included explicit “with-CRC” and “without-CRC” scenarios. The benefit from the extra investment and consequent research effort due to funding the CRC is estimated to be worth over $1.4b in present value terms. Every $1 of these extra resources brought into the Australian beef industry through funding the new Beef CRC is expected to return around $35 to the industry. The marginal returns to the NSW beef industry...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Beef; Research and development; Economic; Evaluation; Australia; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42654
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Trends in Research, Productivity Growth and Competitiveness in Agriculture in New Zealand and Australia AgEcon
Mullen, John D.; Scobie, Grant M.; Crean, Jason.
Investment in R&D has long been regarded as an important source of productivity growth in New Zealand and Australian agriculture. Perhaps because research lags are long, current investment in R&D is monitored closely. In this paper trends in public investment in R&D and in productivity growth are reviewed. Investment in R&D has been flat in both countries although in recent years investment in New Zealand has increased. Nevertheless research intensity in Australia has been significantly higher than that in New Zealand. Productivity growth is also likely to have been higher. Econometric evidence about the sources of productivity growth is rarely clear. We develop some scenarios about the importance of domestic and foreign R&D and other...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Productivity; Research and development; Research evaluation; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31965
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Sheep CRC Renewal Proposal: Economic Evaluation of the Proposed Scientific Themes AgEcon
Griffith, Garry R.; Vere, David T.; Jones, Randall E..
The Australian sheep industry and its associated research and development agencies have developed a proposal for the CRC for Sheep Industry Innovation. “Top-down” and “bottomup” procedures were used to assess the expected economic benefits from this proposal. Formal “with-CRC” and “without-CRC” scenarios were defined for each product and each research theme. Relevant costs were similarly defined. The requested investment by the Commonwealth and the Australian sheep industry in the CRC is assessed relative to a scenario where an alternative, lower cost research program into this industry is implemented. These extra resources have a discounted value of about $34 million over the 25-year period of this evaluation. These resources are sufficient to allow some...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Wool; Sheep meat; Research and development; Economic; Evaluation; Australia; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42656
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RESEARCH PRIORITY-SETTING IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA: POLICIES, METHODS AND PRACTICALITIES AgEcon
Omuru, Eric; Kingwell, Ross S..
Agricultural research priority-setting at best promotes the effective and efficient use of scarce research resources. This paper reviews firstly the priority-setting methods used in Papua New Guinea for agricultural R&D and examines the practicalities of implementing these and other methods. Secondly, this paper reports on key factors affecting the strategic directions for agricultural R&D in Papua New Guinea. These factors include:(i) the long term trends in international crop prices; (ii) long-term trends in crop production by sector (plantations or smallholders); (iii) the cost of production by sector and its effects on the long-term economic sectoral sustainability; and (iv) the potential impact of pests and diseases. Related issues of research...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Research and development; Research priority-setting; Papua New Guinea; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123714
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An Equilibrium Displacement Model of the Australian Sheep and Wool Industries AgEcon
Mounter, Stuart W.; Griffith, Garry R.; Piggott, Roley R.; Fleming, Euan M.; Zhao, Xueyan.
This report documents the specification of an equilibrium displacement model (EDM) of the Australian sheep and wool industries. The model is capable of estimating and comparing the potential benefits from R&D and generic promotion investments, and other policy changes, in the different sectors and markets of the Australian sheep and wool industries. Inclusive in the model are the multiple components of the Australian sheep and wool industries to account for cross-product interactions not considered in most previous studies. A high degree of industry disaggregation within the model enables estimation of the distribution of the potential benefits among the various industry sectors and across different regional environments. A number of hypothetical...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Wool; Sheep meat; Research and development; Economic; Evaluation; Australia; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37663
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Agricultural R&D and Economic Growth AgEcon
Dinopoulos, Elias.
The paper develops a dynamic general-equilibrium model of Schumpeterian growth which is fueled by industrial and agricultural R&D. The former is private and results in better production processes, whereas the latter is government-financed (public and applied) R&D and generates better crop varieties. The arrival of innovations in either sector is stochastic. The model is used to calculate the steady-state equilibrium and the growth-maximizing mix of agricultural and industrial R&D investments. It is also used to highlight the properties of social rates of return (ROR) of R&D which are based on partial-equilibrium calculations. These measures overestimate the true agricultural social ROR and underestimate the true industrial social ROR of...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Research and development; Economic growth; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 14; Q16.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54690
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VARIÁVEIS PARA COMPOR UM MODELO DE ANALISE SOBRE A COMPETITIVIDADE ECONÔMICA NO BRASIL AgEcon
Silva, Edwin Pinto De La Sota; Serrano, Andre Luiz Marques; Silva, Marcio Francisco Da; Fonseca, Adelaida Pallavicini.
O presente artigo procura expor, de forma ampla os fatores que – na visão dos autores – são de importância cine qua non para a elaboração de indicadores que possam servir como guia para a elaboração de políticas publicas que ambicionem superar alguns dos gargalos presentes na economia brasileira. Estes obstáculos, na medida em que o PIB cresce, se tornam cada vez mais significantes para a forma com que o produto nacional compete no mercado mundial e/ou assegura seu lugar no mercado interno.-------------------------------------------This article tries expose, in the broad factors that - in view of the authors - are of importance cine qua non for the development of indicators which may serve as a guide for the formulation of public policies that wish...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Competitividade; Pesquisa e desenvolvimento; Ensino e transporte; Competitiveness; Research and development; Education and transportation; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113987
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Productivity Growth and the Returns from Public Investment in R&D in Australian Broadacre Agriculture AgEcon
Mullen, John D..
Investment in R&D has long been regarded as an important source of productivity growth in Australian agriculture. Perhaps because research lags are long, current investment in R&D is monitored closely. Investment in R&D has been flat while productivity growth has remained strong, relative both to other sectors of the Australian economy and to the agricultural sectors of other countries. Such productivity growth, at a time when the decline in terms of trade facing Australian farmers has slowed, may have enhanced the competitiveness of Australian agriculture. The econometric results presented here suggest no evidence of a decline in the returns from research from the 15- 40 percent per annum range estimated by Mullen and Cox. In fact the marginal...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Productivity; Research and development; Research evaluation; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9451
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Technology Prizes for Climate Change Mitigation AgEcon
Newell, Richard G.; Wilson, Nathan E..
We analyze whether technology inducement prizes could be a useful complement to standard research grants and contracts in developing climate change mitigation technologies. We find that there are important conceptual advantages to using inducement prizes in certain circumstances. These conceptual inferences are borne out by an examination of the track record of prizes inducing research into public goods, including relevant energy technologies. However, we also find that the prizes' successes are contingent on their proper design. We analyze how several important design elements could influence the effectiveness of a climate technology prize.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Inducement prize; Research and development; Climate change; Technology; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; D81; C68.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10698
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Sources of Agricultural Growth in India: Role of Diversification towards High-Value Crops AgEcon
Joshi, P.K.; Birthal, Pratap Singh; Minot, Nicholas.
This study examines the sources of crop income growth in Indian agriculture over the 1980s and 1990s. Using a method developed by Minot (2003), the analysis decomposes crop income growth into the contribution of yield increases, area expansion, price increases, and diversification from low-value crops to higher-value crops. The results confirm that at the national level, technology (higher yield) was the main source of crop income growth during 1980s, while rising prices and diversification emerged as the dominant sources of growth in agriculture during 1990s. Diversification towards higher-value crops such as fruits and vegetables accounted for about 27% of crop income growth in the 1980s and 31% in the 1990s. However, these national averages hide...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Crops; Income growth; Agriculture; Grain production; Agricultural research; Research and development; High value commodities; Crop yields; Prices; High-value crops; Decomposition; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58572
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Precision livestock tools to improve products and processes in broiler production: a review Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.
Mollo,MN; Vendrametto,O; Okano,MT.
Economic growth and production process development require technological support. Technology changes production functions, enabling a higher number of goods to be produced using the same amount of input. In this review, we discuss research and development in information technology that has led to innovative actions, with the new generation of tools, known as precision agriculture tools, that can be applied in Brazilian poultry production. In this context, research and development have focused on producing technological innovations based on increasingly specialized tools that go beyond human mind power, and are related to the acquisition, access, and processing of a huge number of data. The technology generated to date has assimilated the knowledge of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Decision support system; Precision agriculture; Research and development; Technological innovation.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2009000400001
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Innovation and entrepreneurship in scientific research R. Bras. Zootec.
Carrer,Celso da Costa; Plonski,Guilherme Ary; Carrer,Célia Regina Orlandelli; Oliveira,Celso Eduardo Lins de.
This research wants to lay emphasis on topics that historicize and rescue concepts, in addition, shows the relation between innovation and socioeconomic development resulted; reviews the legal framework to stimulate new innovation into Brazilian society; considers the definition and the entrepreneur university's new paradigm; and finally, this research highlights the importance of teaching entrepreneur at universities, with straight society benefits. The results suggests that innovation is directly enrolled with a successful development of certain society, as well, is actually the biggest business competitive differential into corporative universe. In one way of getting results of social advancement to inform entrepreneur research practice, it appears that...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneur university; Innovation; Research and development; Science and technology.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982010001300003
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Research and development on corn and sorghum hybrid of Research Department Cargill Seeds Co. Ltd. Thai Agricultural
Poomin Trakoontiwakorn; Chamnan Chutkaew; Tunya Kunta; Phattakul Chandhanamatta.
Palavras-chave: Corn; Maize; Sorghum; Hybrids; Research and development; Cargill Seeds Co.Ltd; ข้าวโพด; ข้าวฟ่าง; พันธุ์ลูกผสม; การพัฒนา.
Ano: 1990 URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4294
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งานวิจัยและพัฒนาเมล็ดพันธุ์ภาคเอกชน Thai Agricultural
Palavras-chave: Corn; Maize; Sorghum; Seed; Research and development; Private seed company; ข้าวโพด; ข้าวฟ่าง; การพัฒนาพันธุ์; เมล็ดพันธุ์; การปรับปรุงพันธุ์.
Ano: 1986 URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4448
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Research and development on corn and sorghum of Charoen Seeds Co. Ltd. Thai Agricultural
Poomsan Silapeesornkosol.
Palavras-chave: Corn; Maize; Sorghum; Hybrids; Research and development; Charoen Seeds Co.Ltd; ข้าวโพด; ข้าวฟ่าง; พันธุ์ลูกผสม; การพัฒนา.
Ano: 1990 URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4295
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Research and development on corn and sorghum hybrids of Research Department Thai Agricultural
Tunya Kunta.
Palavras-chave: Corn; Maize; Sorghum; Hybrids; Research and development; ข้าวโพด; ข้าวฟ่าง; พันธุ์ลูกผสม; การพัฒนา.
Ano: 1990 URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4293
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A snapshot of cancer in Chile: analytical frameworks for developing a cancer policy Biol. Res.
la Jara,Jorge Jimenez de; Bastias,Gabriel; Ferreccio,Catterina; Moscoso,Cristian; Sagues,Sofia; Cid,Camilo; Bronstein,Eduardo; Herrera,Cristian; Nervi,Bruno; Corvalan,Alejandro; Velasquez,Ethel V; Gonzalez,Pamela; Castellon,Enrique; Bustamante,Eva; Oñate,Sergio; McNerney,Eileen; Sullivan,Richard; Owen,Gareth I.
INTRODUCTION: The South American country Chile now boasts a life expectancy of over 80 years. As a consequence, Chile now faces the increasing social and economic burden of cancer and must implement political policy to deliver equitable cancer care. Hindering the development of a national cancer policy is the lack of comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure and economic impact. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate existing cancer policy, the extent of national investigation and the socio-economic impact of cancer to deliver guidelines for the framing of an equitable national cancer policy. METHODS: Burden, research and care-policy systems were assessed by triangulating objective system metrics -epidemiological, economic, etc. - with political and policy analysis....
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Chile; Cancer policy; Investigation; Research and development; Statistics; Gallbladder cancer; Stomach cancer; Developing country.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602015000100010
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The Brazilian investment in science and technology BJMBR
Pinheiro-Machado,R.; de Oliveira,P.L..
An analysis of Brazilian federal expenditures in science and technology is presented is this study. The 1990-1999 data were compiled from records provided by two federal agencies (MCT and CNPq) responsible for managing most of the national budget related to these activities. The results indicate that the federal investments in Brazilian science and technology stagnated during the last decade (US$ 2.32 billion in 1990, US$ 2.39 billion in 1996, and US$ 2.36 billion in 1999). In contrast, a great increase in private investments in research was acknowledged both by industry and by the government during the same period, from US$ 2.12 to US$ 4.64 billion. However, this investment did not result in an increase in invention patents granted to residents (492 in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Science and technology; Research and development; Patents; Technological innovation; Scientific publication.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001001200003
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