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| Registros recuperados: 172 | |
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| Sommerville, Matthew M.; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London; m.sommerville06@imperial.ac.uk; Jones, Julia P. G.; School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Bangor; julia.jones@bangor.ac.uk; Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London; e.j.milner-gulland@imperial.ac.uk. |
| Over the past decade, “Payments for Environmental Services” (PES) have received a great deal of attention as a natural-resource management approach. We propose a revised definition and framework for PES implementation that focuses on the use of positive incentives as the philosophy behind PES and conditionality as the method for influencing behaviors. We note the importance of additionality of PES interventions to justify their value in a wider context. Finally, we highlight the need to understand the local institutional context in terms of the characteristics of buyers, sellers, and their relationship for implementation to be effective. Our framework acts as a platform to begin examining how the variety of options for structuring PES... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Conditional; Ecosystem services; Environmental management; Incentives; Institutions; Monitoring; Transactions. |
| Ano: 2009 |
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| Biggs, Duan; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville Australia; ancientantwren@gmail.com; Biggs, Reinette (Oonsie); Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; oonsie.biggs@stockholmresilience.su.se; Dakos, Vasilis; Department of Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management, Wageningen University; vasileios.dakos@wur.nl; Scholes, Robert J; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Pretoria, South Africa; BScholes@csir.co.za; Schoon, Michael; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Michael.Schoon@asu.edu. |
| An increase in the frequency and intensity of environmental crises associated with accelerating human-induced global change is of substantial concern to policy makers. The potential impacts, especially on the poor, are exacerbated in an increasingly connected world that enables the emergence of crises that are coupled in time and space. We discuss two factors that can interact to contribute to such an increased concatenation of crises: (1) the increasing strength of global vs. local drivers of change, so that changes become increasingly synchronized; and (2) unprecedented potential for the propagation of crises, and an enhanced risk of management interventions in one region becoming drivers elsewhere, because of increased connectivity. We discuss the... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Concatenation; Connectivity; Crisis; Disaster; Food price crisis; Governance; Learning; Thresholds. |
| Ano: 2011 |
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| Levin, Phillip S; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; phil.levin@noaa.gov; Williams, Gregory D; Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission; Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA; greg.williams@noaa.gov; Rehr, Amanda; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; pearlgrl@gmail.com; Norman, Karma C; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; karma.norman@noaa.gov; Harvey, Chris J; National Marine Fisheries Service; Chris.Harvey@noaa.gov. |
| The development of targets is foundational in conservation. Although progress has been made in setting targets, the diverse linkages among ecological and social components make target setting for coupled social-ecological systems extremely challenging. Developing integrated social-ecological targets is difficult because it forces policy makers to consider how management actions propagate throughout social-ecological systems, and because ultimately it is society, not scientists, that defines targets. We developed an interdisciplinary approach for identifying management targets and illustrate this approach using an example motivated by Puget Sound, USA. Our approach blends ecological modeling with empirical social science to articulate trade-offs and reveal... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Conservation target; Ecosystem assessment; Scenario analysis; Social norm analysis. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Marchand, Fleur; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); Ecosystem Management Research Group and IMDO, University of Antwerp ; fleur.marchand@ilvo.vlaanderen.be; Debruyne, Lies; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); lies.debruyne@ilvo.vlaanderen.be; Triste, Laure; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); laure.triste@ilvo.vlaanderen.be; Gerrard, Catherine; The Organic Research Centre; catherine.g@organicresearchcentre.com; Padel, Susanne; The Organic Research Centre; susanne.p@organicresearchcentre.com; Lauwers, Ludwig; Social Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO); Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ghent ; Ludwig.lauwers@ilvo.vlaanderen.be. |
| Although the literature on sustainability assessment tools to support decision making in agriculture is rapidly growing, little attention has been paid to the actual tool choice. We focused on the choice of more complex integrated indicator-based tools at the farm level. The objective was to determine key characteristics as criteria for tool choice. This was done with an in-depth comparison of 2 cases: the Monitoring Tool for Integrated Farm Sustainability and the Public Goods Tool. They differ in characteristics that may influence tool choice: data, time, and budgetary requirements. With an enhanced framework, we derived 11 key characteristics to describe differences between the case tools. Based on the key characteristics, we defined 2 types of... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Farm level; Full assessment; Rapid assessment; Sustainability assessment tool; Tool choice. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| Dalla Marta, Anna; DIPSA-University of Firenze; anna.dallamarta@unifi.it; Natali, Francesca; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Mancini, Marco; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Ferrise, Roberto; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Bindi, Marco; DIPSA-University of Firenze;; Orlandini, Simone; DIPSA-University of Firenze;. |
| The contribution of agrobiomasses, as a source of energy, to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions was confirmed by several studies. Biomass from agriculture represents one of the larger and more diverse sources to exploit and in particular ethanol and diesel have the potential to be a sustainable replacement for fossil fuels, mainly for transport purposes. However, the cultivation of energy crops dedicated to the production of biofuels presents some potential problems, e.g., competitiveness with food crops, water needs, use of fertilizers, etc., and the economic, energy, and environmental convenience of such activity depends on accurate evaluations about the global efficiency of the production system. In this study, the processes related to the... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Agroenergy; Bioethanol; Energy balance; Pure vegetable oil; Water balance. |
| Ano: 2011 |
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| Grau, H. Ricardo; Universidad Nacional de Tucuman; CONICET; chilograu@gmail.com; Aide, Mitchell; University of Puerto Rico; tmaide@yahoo.com. |
| Current socioeconomic drivers of land-use change associated with globalization are producing two contrasting land-use trends in Latin America. Increasing global food demand (particularly in Southeast Asia) accelerates deforestation in areas suitable for modern agriculture (e.g., soybean), severely threatening ecosystems, such as Amazonian rain forests, dry forests, and subtropical grasslands. Additionally, in the coming decades, demand for biofuels may become an emerging threat. In contrast, high yields in modern agricultural systems and rural–urban migration coupled with remittances promote the abandonment of marginal agricultural lands, thus favoring ecosystem recovery on mountains, deserts, and areas of poor soils, while improving human... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Deforestation; Ecological transition; Forest transition; Globalization; Land-use change; Latin America. |
| Ano: 2008 |
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| Vugteveen, Pim; Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University; pim.vugteveen@sovon.nl; van Katwijk, Marieke M.; Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University; m.vankatwijk@science.ru.nl; Lenders, H. J. Rob; Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University; r.lenders@science.ru.nl; Hanssen, Lucien; Deining Societal Communication and Governance, Nijmegen; L.Hanssen@fo.nl. |
| We elaborate the necessary conceptual and strategic elements for developing an effective adaptive monitoring network to support Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) in a multiuser nature reserve in the Dutch Wadden Sea Region. We discuss quality criteria and enabling actions essential to accomplish and sustain monitoring excellence to support ICM. The Wadden Sea Long-Term Ecosystem Research project (WaLTER) was initiated to develop an adaptive monitoring network and online data portal to better understand and support ICM in the Dutch Wadden Sea Region. Our comprehensive approach integrates ecological and socioeconomic data and links research-driven and policy-driven monitoring for system analysis using indicators of pressures, state, benefits, and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive monitoring; Capacity building; DPSIR; Integrated coastal management; Monitoring excellence; Wadden Sea. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Campbell, Lisa M; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; lisa.m.campbell@duke.edu; Gray, Noella J; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; noella.gray@duke.edu; Hazen, Elliott L; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; elliot.hazen@duke.edu; Shackeroff, Janna M; Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University; janna.shackeroff@duke.edu. |
| In 1995, Daniel Pauly identified a "shifting baselines syndrome" (SBS). Pauly was concerned that scientists measure ecosystem change against their personal recollections of the past and, based on this decidedly short-term view, mismanage fish stocks because they tolerate gradual and incremental elimination of species and set inappropriate recovery goals. As a concept, SBS is simple to grasp and its logic is compelling. Much current work in marine historical ecology is rationalized in part as a means of combating SBS, and the term has also resonated outside of the academy with environmental advocacy groups. Although we recognize both conceptual and operational merit in SBS, we believe that the ultimate impact of SBS on ocean management will be limited by... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Baselines; Human– Environment relations; Interdisciplinary research; Marine historical ecology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
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| Lam, Mimi E.; Policy and Ecosystem Restoration in Fisheries, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; m.lam@fisheries.ubc.ca; Pauly, Daniel; Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca. |
| Most debates on government fisheries management, focusing on dramatic fishery collapses, have skirted the ethical dimension implicit in the exploitation, for private gain, of fishery resources that are publicly owned. The privilege to fish, a conditional right often nefariously perceived as a legislated “right,” implies ethical responsibilities linked to marine stewardship. To date, however, granting this privilege to fish has not been legally tethered to the fiduciary responsibilities of businesses to their clients or governments to their citizens: sustainable management of fisheries and conservation of living marine resources. Legal rights must be coupled with moral responsibilities if governments, private fishing enterprises,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Collaborative governance; Corporate responsibility; Fisheries management; Fishing privileges; Marine stewardship; Public ownership; Subsidies; Tragedy of the commons. |
| Ano: 2010 |
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| Davies, Kathryn K.; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Kate.Davies@niwa.co.nz; Fisher, Karen T.; The University of Auckland; k.fisher@auckland.ac.nz; Dickson, Mark E.; The University of Auckland; m.dickson@auckland.ac.nz; Thrush, Simon F.; Institute of Marine Science; The University of Auckland; s.thrush@auckland.ac.nz; Le Heron, Richard; The University of Auckland; r.leheron@auckland.ac.nz. |
| Complex problems often result from the multiple interactions between human activities and ecosystems. The interconnected nature of ecological and social systems should be considered if these “wicked problems” are to be addressed. Ecosystem service approaches provide an opportunity to link ecosystem function with social values, but in practice the essential role that social dynamics play in the delivery of outcomes remains largely unexplored. Social factors such as management regimes, power relationships, skills, and values, can dramatically affect the definition and delivery of ecosystem services. Input from a diverse group of stakeholders improves the capacity of ecosystem service approaches to address wicked problems by acknowledging... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Participatory modeling; Social capital; Social values; Wicked problems. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Dwiartama, Angga; Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, New Zealand; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia; dwiartama@sith.itb.ac.id; Rosin, Christopher; Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, New Zealand; chris.rosin@otago.ac.nz. |
| At first glance, the compatibility of social theory and resilience thinking is not entirely evident, in part because the ontology of the former is rooted in social interactions among human beings rather than ecological process. Despite this difference, resilience thinking engages with particular aspects of social organization that have generated intense debates within social science, namely the role of humans as integral elements of social-ecological systems and the processes through which given social structures (including material relations) are either maintained or transformed. Among social theoretical approaches, Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is noted for its distinctive approach to these aspects. ANT proposes that human and nonhuman components (both... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Actor-network; Kiwifruit; Nonhuman agency; Relationality; Rice. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| Dannenberg, Astrid; The Earth Institute, Columbia University, USA; Dept. of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; ad2901@columbia.edu; McCarney, Geoff; The Earth Institute, Columbia University, USA; School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, USA; grm2119@columbia.edu; Milkoreit, Manjana; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, USA; manjana@mac.com; Diekert, Florian; Dept. of Economics, University of Oslo, Norway; NoRMER/CEES, Dept. of Biology, University of Oslo, Norway; f.k.diekert@ibv.uio.no; Fishman, Ram; Dept. of Economics, George Washington University, USA; Rfishman@gwu.edu; Gars, Johan; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Sweden; johan.gars@beijer.kva.se; Kyriakopoolou, Efthymia; Dept. of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; efi.kyriakopoulou@economics.gu.se; Manoussi, Vassiliki; Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece; amanousi@aueb.gr; Meng, Kyle; School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, USA; kylemeng@gmail.com; Metian, Marc; Radioecology Laboratory, IAEA Environment Laboratories, Monaco; m.metian@iaea.org; Sanctuary, Mark; The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Sweden; mark.sanctuary@ivl.se; Schoon, Michael; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, USA; michael.schoon@asu.edu; Schultz, Lisen; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; lisen.schultz@stockholmresilience.su.se. |
| The purpose of the United Nations-guided process to establish Sustainable Development Goals is to galvanize governments and civil society to rise to the interlinked environmental, societal, and economic challenges we face in the Anthropocene. We argue that the process of setting Sustainable Development Goals should take three key aspects into consideration. First, it should embrace an integrated social-ecological system perspective and acknowledge the key dynamics that such systems entail, including the role of ecosystems in sustaining human wellbeing, multiple cross-scale interactions, and uncertain thresholds. Second, the process needs to address trade-offs between the ambition of goals and the feasibility in reaching them, recognizing biophysical,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Social change; Social-ecological systems; Sustainable Development Goals; Transformations. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| Registros recuperados: 172 | |
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