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Causes and Extent of Declines among Native North American Invertebrate Pollinators: Detection, Evidence, and Consequences Ecology and Society
Cane, James H; USDA-ARS; jcane@biology.usu.edu; Tepedino, Vincent J; USDA-ARS; andrena@biology.usu.edu.
Ecosystem health and agricultural wealth in North America depend on a particular invertebrate fauna to deliver pollination services. Extensive losses in pollinator guilds and communities can disrupt ecosystem integrity, a circumstance that today forces most farmers to rely on honey bees for much fruit and seed production. Are North America's invertebrate pollinator faunas already widely diminished or currently threatened by human activities? How would we know, what are the spatiotemporal scales for detection, and which anthropogenic factors are responsible? Answers to these questions were considered by participants in a workshop sponsored by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in October of 1999, and these questions form the nucleus...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Apiformes; Apoidea; Insecta; Conservation; Diversity; Land-use change; Native invertebrate pollinators; North America; Pollination; Pollinator declines.
Ano: 2001
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Levin Has It Right Ecology and Society
Duke, Clifford; The Environmental Company, Inc.; csduke@tecinc.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
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Exploring the Linkages between Climate Change and Sustainable Development: A Challenge for Transdisciplinary Research Ecology and Society
Munasinghe, Mohan; Munasinghe Institute for Development (MIND); mmunasinghe@worldbank.org.
In recent years, both sustainable development and climate change have become well known worldwide, and the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has also focused on the nexus of these two key topics. The IPCC third assessment report confirms that global mean temperatures will rise 1.5-6 degrees Celsius during the next century. Furthermore, climate change will significantly affect the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, as well as key issues like poverty and equity. Therefore, the IPCC is seeking answers to important questions: how future development patterns will affect climate change; how climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation will affect future sustainable development prospects;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Climate change; IPCC; Sustainable development; Transdisciplinary research.
Ano: 2001
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Barraclough, S. L., and K. B. Ghimire. 2000. Agricultural Expansion and Tropical Deforestation: Poverty, International Trade and Land Use. Earthscan, Sterling, Virginia, USA Ecology and Society
Mannon, Susan E; University of Wisconsin; smannon@ssc.wisc.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
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The Reflective Practitioner: Learning and Teaching in Community-based Forest Management Ecology and Society
The world's natural forests, whose rich ecosystems support wildlife and human populations, are declining. In my 17 years as an international community forester, observing this decline has hardened my resolve to look for answers "outside the box." This paper is a reflection of some of the important lessons I am learning: to keep an open mind at all times, to remember that I can never be certain of the outcome of any given effort, to control my biases, to listen carefully, and to find common ground.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Action research; Collaborative forest management; Community forestry; Community-based forest management; Development theory; Education; Joint forest management; Participatory forest management; Uncertainty..
Ano: 2001
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Cumulative Effects of Barriers on the Movements of Forest Birds Ecology and Society
St. Clair, Colleen Cassady; University of Alberta; cstclair@ualberta.ca.
Although there is a consensus of opinion that habitat fragmentation has deleterious effects on animal populations, primarily by inhibiting dispersal among remaining patches, there have been few explicit demonstrations of the ways by which degraded habitats actually constrain individual movement. Two impediments are primarily responsible for this paucity: it is difficult to separate the effects of habitat fragmentation (configuration) from habitat loss (composition), and conventional measures of fragmented habitats are assumed to be, but probably are not, isotropic. We addressed these limitations by standardizing differences in forest cover in a clearly anisotropic configuration of habitat fragmentation by conducting a homing experiment with three species...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Banff National Park; Golden-crowned Kinglet; Red-breasted Nuthatch; Yellow-rumped Warbler; Barriers; Connectivity; Corridor; Forest cover; Fragmentation; Habitat loss; Movement of forest birds; Roads.
Ano: 2001
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Blending “Hard” and “Soft” Science: the “Follow-the-Technology” Approach to Catalyzing and Evaluating Technology Change Ecology and Society
Douthwaite, Boru; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; b.douthwaite@cgiar.org; de Haan, Nicoline C; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; n.dehaan@cgiar.org; Manyong, Victor; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; v.manyong@cgiar.org; Keatinge, Dyno; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; d.keatinge@cgiar.org.
The types of technology change catalyzed by research interventions in integrated natural resource management (INRM) are likely to require much more social negotiation and adaptation than are changes related to plant breeding, the dominant discipline within the system of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Conceptual models for developing and delivering high-yielding varieties have proven inadequate for delivering natural resource management (NRM) technologies that are adopted in farmers' fields. Successful INRM requires tools and approaches that can blend the technical with the social, so that people from different disciplines and social backgrounds can effectively work and communicate with each other. This paper develops...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Actor-oriented approach; Follow-the-technology approach; Integrated natural resource management; Learning selection approach; Participatory technology development; Social construction of technology..
Ano: 2001
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Integrated Natural Resource Management: Approaches and Lessons from the Himalaya Ecology and Society
Saxena, K. G.; Jawaharlal Nehru University; kgsaxena@jnuniv.ernet.in; Rao, K.S.; CISHME, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi-17, India; srkottapalli@yahoo.com; Sen, K. K. C; G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development;; Maikhuri, R. K.; G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development; rkmaikhuri@yahoo.com; Semwal, R. L.; ;.
Losses of forest cover, biodiversity, agricultural productivity, and ecosystem services in the Himalayan mountain region are interlinked problems and threats to the sustainable livelihoods of 115 x 106 mountain people as well as the inhabitants of the adjoining Indo-gangetic plains. Until the 1970s, environmental conservation, food security, and rural economic development were treated as independent sectors. The poor outcomes of sector-oriented approaches catalyzed efforts to address environmental and socioeconomic problems concurrently. The identification of "key" natural resource management interventions is an important dimension of integrated management. Projects to rehabilitate the degraded lands that cover 40% of the Indian Himalaya could be key...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Bamboo; Community decision making; Himalaya; India; Integrated natural resource management; Land rehabilitation; Medicinal plants; Reforestation; Village..
Ano: 2001
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Delivering the Goods: Scaling out Results of Natural Resource Management Research Ecology and Society
Harrington, Larry; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT); l.harrington@cgiar.org; White, Jeffrey; ; j.white@cgiar.org; Grace, Peter; Sinclair Knight Merz, Brisbane, Australia; pgrace@skm.com.au; Hodson, David; ; d.hodson@cgiar.org; Hartkamp, Agnes Dewi; Product Organisation Grains, Seeds and Pulses, The Hague, Netherlands; d.hartkamp@wisint.org; Vaughan, Christopher; CO MET Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Namibia; kit@africaonline.com.na; Meisner, Craig; ; cmeisner@bttb.net.bd.
To help integrated natural resource management (INRM) research "deliver the goods" for many of the world's poor over a large area and in a timely manner, the authors suggest a problem-solving approach that facilitates the scaling out of relevant agricultural practices. They propose seven ways to foster scaling out: (1) develop more attractive practices and technologies through participatory research (2) balance supply-driven approaches with resource user demands, (3) use feedback to redefine the research agenda, (4) encourage support groups and networks for information sharing, (5) facilitate negotiation among stakeholders, (6) inform policy change and institutional development, and (7) make sensible use of information management tools, including models...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Mexico; South Asia; Southern Africa; Conservation tillage; Diffusion of research; Environments; Geographic information systems; Natural resource management; Participatory research; Scaling out; Simulation models; Technology transfer.
Ano: 2001
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Crucial Distinctions: Process and Product Ecology and Society
Tyson, Wayne; ; terrarest@utm.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
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Cronk, Q. C. B., and J. L. Fuller. 2001. Plant Invaders: the Threat to Natural Ecosystems. Earthscan Publications, London, UK. Ecology and Society
Gordon, Doria; University of Florida; dgordon@botany.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
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A New Phase Ecology and Society
Holling, C. S.; University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
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Path Dependence as an Example of a Dysfunctional Panarchy Ecology and Society
Mathias, Jack; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; mathiasj@dfo-mpo.gc.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
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Conservation of Native Pollinators via Honeybee Conservation Ecology and Society
Keasar, Tamar; Ben Gurion University; tkeasar@bgumail.bgu.ac.il.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
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Negotiation Support Models for Integrated Natural Resource Management in Tropical Forest Margins Ecology and Society
van Noordwijk, Meine; International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, ICRAF SE Asia; M.van-noordwijk@cgiar.org; Tomich, Thomas P; Alternatives to Slash and Burn (ASB), World Agroforestry Centre; t.tomich@cgiar.org; Verbist, Bruno; ; B.Verbist@cgiar.org.
Natural resource management research has to evolve from a focus on plans, maps, and regulations to an acknowledgment of the complex, sometimes chaotic, reality in the field, with a large number of actors making their own decisions. As outside actors, we can only try to facilitate and support a process of negotiation among the stakeholders. Such negotiation involves understanding the perspectives of all stakeholders, analyzing complementarities in views, identifying where differences may be settled by “science,” where science and social action can bring innovative alternatives for reconciliation, and where compromises will be necessary to move ahead. We distinguish between natural resource management problems at village level, within...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Adaptive learning; Adaptive options; Agroforests; Integrated natural resource management; Land-use change scenarios; Negotiation support models; Quantitative impact assessments; Scaling rules; Stakeholders; Sustainability assessments; Tropical forest margins.
Ano: 2001
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An Immune System Perspective on Ecosystem Management Ecology and Society
Janssen, Marco A; Indiana University; maajanss@indiana.edu.
A new perspective for studying the complex interactions between human activities and ecosystems is proposed. It is argued that biological immune systems share a number of similarities with ecological economic systems in terms of function. These similarities include the system's ability to recognize harmful invasions, design measures to control and destroy these invasions, and remember successful response strategies. Studying both the similarities and the differences between immune systems and ecological economic systems can provide new insights on ecosystem management.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Adaptive systems; Artificial immune systems; Biological invasions; Ecological economic systems; Ecosystem management; Immune systems; Institutions; Models.
Ano: 2001
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Fuzzy Philosophy: A Foundation for Interneted Ecology? Ecology and Society
Tyson, Wayne; ; terrarest@utm.net.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
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Fixed Visions and Visionaries Ecology and Society
Sandhu, Jaswinder S; Looking for teaching/research job; jassi@hotmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
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Assessing Viability and Sustainability: a Systems-based Approach for Deriving Comprehensive Indicator Sets Ecology and Society
Bossel, Hartmut; Sustainable Systems Research; H.Bossel@T-online.de.
Performance assessment in holistic approaches such as integrated natural resource management has to deal with a complex set of interacting and self-organizing natural and human systems and agents, all pursuing their own "interests" while also contributing to the development of the total system. Performance indicators must therefore reflect the viability of essential component systems as well as their contributions to the viability and performance of other component systems and the total system under study. A systems-based derivation of a comprehensive set of performance indicators first requires the identification of essential component systems, their mutual (often hierarchical or reciprocal) relationships, and their contributions to the performance of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Indicators of sustainability; Integrated natural resources management; Orientors; Performance indicators; Sustainability assessment; Systems approach; Viability..
Ano: 2001
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G. Gigerenzer, P. M. Todd, and the ABC Research Group. 2000. Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Ecology and Society
Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Ano: 2001
Registros recuperados: 8.909
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