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| Registros recuperados: 12.472 | |
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| Moller, Henrik; University of Otago; henrik.moller@stonebow.otago.ac.nz; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca; Lyver, Philip O'Brian; University of Otago; LyverP@landcareresearch.co.nz; Kislalioglu, Mina; University of Manitoba; mberkes@mts.net. |
| Using a combination of traditional ecological knowledge and science to monitor populations can greatly assist co-management for sustainable customary wildlife harvests by indigenous peoples. Case studies from Canada and New Zealand emphasize that, although traditional monitoring methods may often be imprecise and qualitative, they are nevertheless valuable because they are based on observations over long time periods, incorporate large sample sizes, are inexpensive, invite the participation of harvesters as researchers, and sometimes incorporate subtle multivariate cross checks for environmental change. A few simple rules suggested by traditional knowledge may produce good management outcomes consistent with fuzzy logic thinking. Science can sometimes... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Catch per unit effort; Community-based conservation; Customary harvesting; Indigenous people; Population monitoring; Sustainability; New Zealand; Canada. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Suyanto, S.; World Agroforestry (ICRAF); suyanto@cgiar.org; Applegate, Grahame; ; grahame_applegate@urscorp.com; Permana, Rizki Pandu; ; R_pandupermana@yahoo.com; Khususiyah, Noviana; ; Nkhususiyah@cgiar.org; Kurniawan, Iwan; ; i.kurniawan@cgiar.org. |
| Results from remote sensing analysis, participatory mapping, socio-economic interviews, and hotspot information that were analyzed in a geographic information system (GIS) show how fire has changed the landscape through its use in land preparation for oil palm and timber plantations and in the development of transmigration settlements. These timber and oil palm plantations have greatly altered the livelihood options of the communities, and have created conflict between communities and companies over land-use allocation and tenure. In many cases, conflict over tenure has been the motive for forest and land fires during the annual dry season. The study suggests that, where partnerships between communities and companies were established to develop oil palm... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Forest fire; Indonesia; Land fire; Oil palm plantation; Partnership; Sumatra; Tenure conflict; Timber plantation. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Lydy, Michael; Southern Illinois University at Carbondale; mlydy@siu.edu; Belden, Jason; Southern Illinois University at Carbondale; jbelden@siu.edu; Wheelock, Craig; University of California at Davis; cewheelock@ucdavis.edu; Hammock, Bruce; University of California at Davis; bdhammock@ucdavis.edu; Denton, Debra; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Denton.Debra@epamail.epa.gov. |
| This paper introduces the field of mixture toxicity and the challenges in regulating pesticide mixtures. Even though pesticides are unique chemical stressors designed to have biological activity that can affect a number of nontarget species, they are intentionally placed into the environment in large quantities. Currently, methods and terminology for evaluating mixture toxicity are poorly established. The most common approach used is the assumption of additive concentration, with the concentrations adjusted for potency to a reference toxicant. Using this approach, the joint action of pesticides that have similar chemical structures and modes of toxic action can be predicted. However, this approach and other modeling techniques often provide little insight... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: EPA; Additive toxicity; Concentration addition; Independent action; Mixtures; Pesticides; Regulations; Risk cup; Toxicity; Toxicity assessment. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Vo, M.; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; vomw@chastn86.dhec.state.sc.us; Porter, D.E.; University of South Carolina; porter@sc.edu; Chandler, G.T.; University of South Carolina; tchandler@sph..sc.edu; Kelsey, H.; University of South Carolina; heath@inlet.geol.sc.edu; Walker, S.P.; University of South Carolina; sam@inlet.geol.sc.edu; Jones, B. E.; University of South Carolina; elrojo@mindspring.com. |
| Increases in contaminants associated with urban sprawl are a particular concern in the rapidly developing coastal areas of the southeastern United States. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants associated with vehicle emissions and runoff from impervious surfaces. Increased vehicular traffic and more impervious surfaces lead to an increased loading of PAHs into coastal estuarine systems. The phototoxic effect of PAH-contaminated sediments on a sediment-dwelling meiobenthic copepod, Amphiascus tenuiremis, was estimated in Murrells Inlet, a small, high-salinity estuary with moderate urbanization located in Georgetown and Horry Counties, South Carolina, USA. Field-determined solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) and UV extinction coefficients... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Hazard modeling; Photoinduced toxicity; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Spatial modeling; Urbanized estuary. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Kleppel, G. S.; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; gkleppel@csc.albany.edu; Madewell, Shirley A; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; madewell@mail.com; Hazzard, Sarah E; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY; hazzads@ecostudies.org. |
| Although it has been repeatedly demonstrated that urbanization has negative environmental consequences, the conversion of land to urban use is increasing worldwide and is not likely to abate. We tested the hypothesis that different urban typologies, i.e., distributions of human population and infrastructure, differentially influence the water quality and ecological functionality of emergent marsh wetlands in New York State's Hudson River Valley. Wetlands were studied in two watersheds, defined as landscapes bounded by ridge lines, containing traditional small-town development and two watersheds containing suburban typologies. Land cover attributes were evaluated by analyzing ground-truthed, orthophotoquad data with a GIS. Water quality, the cover and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Hudson River Valley; New York State; Buffers; Land use; Small towns; Suburbs; Trophic transfer efficiency; Urban typology; Urbanization; Water quality; Watershed; Wetlands. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Riitters, Kurt; U.S. Forest Service; kriitters@fs.fed.us; Wickham, James; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; wickham.james@epamail.epa.gov; Coulston, John; North Carolina State University; jcoulston@fs.fed.us. |
| The question of incorporating road maps into U.S. national assessments of forest fragmentation has been a contentious issue, but there has not been a comparative national analysis to inform the debate. Using data and indices from previous national assessments, we compared fragmentation as calculated from high-resolution land-cover maps alone (Method 1) and after superimposing detailed road maps (Method 2). There was more overall fragmentation with Method 2. However, because roads were often adjacent to other nonforest land cover, Method 1 typically detected > 80% of the forest edge and > 88% of the fragmentation of core, i.e., intact, forest that was detected by Method 2. Indices based on individual patch size changed much more for Method 2;... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: United States; Ecological assessments; Land-cover maps; Landscape patterns; Road maps; Forest fragmentation. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Failing, Lee; Compass Resource Management; lfailing@compassrm.com; Horn, Graham; ; ghorn@planit.bc.ca; Higgins, Paul; ; paul.Higgins@bchydro.bc.ca. |
| This paper provides an example of a practical integration of probabilistic policy analysis and multi-stakeholder decision methods at a hydroelectric facility in British Columbia, Canada. A structured decision-making framework utilizing the probabilistic judgments of experts, a decision tree, and a Monte Carlo simulation provided insight to a decision to implement an experimental flow release program. The technical evaluation of the expected costs and benefits of the program were integrated into the multi-stakeholder decision process. The framework assessed the magnitude of the uncertainty, its potential to affect water management decisions, the predictive ability of the experiment, the value of the expected costs and benefits, and the preferences of... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Decision analysis; Expert judgment; Hydroelectricity; Multi-attribute evaluation; Multi-stakeholder consultation; Risk management; Value of information. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Martin, Sophie; Cemagref; sophie.martin@cemagref.fr. |
| Multiple stable states or alternative equilibria in ecological systems have been recognized since the 1960s in the ecological literature. Very often, the shift between alternative states occurs suddenly and the resource flows from these systems are modified. Resilience is the capacity of a system to undergo disturbance and maintain its functions and controls. It has multiple levels of meaning, from the metaphorical to the specific. However, most studies that explore resilience-related ideas have used resilience as a metaphor or theoretical construct. In a few cases, it has been defined operationally in the context of a model of a particular system. In this paper, resilience is defined consistently with the theoretical uses of the term, in the context of... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Dynamic systems; Ecosystem models; Eutrophication; Lake ecosystem; Resilience; Time of crisis. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Donovan, D. G.; ;; Puri, R. K.; University of Kent; R.K.Puri@kent.ac.uk. |
| Traditional knowledge, promoted to make conservation and development more relevant and socially acceptable, is shown to have an important role in identifying critical research needs in tropical ecology. Botanists, foresters, and phytochemists, among others, from many countries have sought for decades to understand the process of resin formation in the genus Aquilaria, a tropical forest tree of South and Southeast Asia. Not every tree develops the resin and, despite extensive scientific research, this process remains poorly understood. Attempts at cultivating the valuable aromatic resin, gaharu, have been uneven at best. Thus, gaharu remains largely a natural forest product, increasingly under threat as the trees are overexploited and forest is cleared. In... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Aquilaria; Ethnobiology; Forestry; Gaharu; Kalimantan; Non-timber forest products; Penan; Sandalwood. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Gillison, Andrew N; Center for Biodiversity Management; andy.gillison@austarnet.com.au; Liswanti, Nining; Center for International Forestry Research; n.liswanti@cgiar.org; Budidarsono, Suseno; ; s.budidarsono@cgiar.org; van Noordwijk, Meine; ; :m.van-noordwijk@cgiar.org; Tomich, Thomas P; Alternatives to Slash and Burn (ASB), World Agroforestry Centre; t.tomich@cgiar.org. |
| The sustainable management of biodiversity and productivity in forested lands requires an understanding of key interactions between socioeconomic and biophysical factors and their response to environmental change. Appropriate baseline data are rarely available. As part of a broader study on biodiversity and profitability, we examined the impact of different cropping methods on biodiversity (plant species richness) along a subjectively determined land-use intensity gradient in southern Sumatra, ranging from primary and secondary forest to coffee-farming systems (simple, complex, with and without shade crops) and smallholder coffee plantings, at increasing levels of intensity. We used 24 (40 x 5 m) plots to record site physical data, including soil nutrients... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity indicators; Coffee-farming systems; Plant functional types; V-index. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Kometter, Roberto F; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; kometter@lamolina01.lamolina.edu.pe; Martinez, Martha; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; m.martinez@conservation.org; Blundell, Arthur G; EGAT Forest Team, USAID; art.blundell@alum.dartmouth.org; Gullison, Raymond E; Hardner & Gullison Associates; ted@hg-llc.com; Steininger, Marc K; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; m.steininger@conservation.org; Rice, Richard E; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; d.rice@conservation.org. |
| Although bigleaf mahogany [Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae)] is the premier timber species of Latin America, its exploitation is unsustainable because of a pattern of local depletion and shifting supply. We surveyed experts on the status of mahogany in Bolivia and Peru, the world's past and present largest exporters. Bolivia no longer has commercially viable mahogany (trees > 60 cm diameter at breast height) across 79% of its range. In Peru, mahogany's range has shrunk by 50%, and, within a decade, a further 28% will be logged out. Approximately 15% of the mahogany range in these two countries is protected, but low densities and illegal logging mean that this overestimates the extent of mahogany under protection. The international community... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Bolivia; Latin America; Peru; Expert survey; Forest conservation; Forest inventories; Forest regeneration; Mahogany; Protected areas; Questionnaire; Range; Sustainable forestry. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Registros recuperados: 12.472 | |
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