SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Moschini, GianCarlo.

Biotechnology has had an important impact on the agricultural and food industries over the last twelve years by way of fast and extensive adoption of a few genetically modified (GM) crops. This has produced large efficiency gains, including higher yields and reduced costs of weed and pest control, as well as some environmental benefits. The expected development of crops with additional agronomic traits, and with output traits to improve the nutrition and health attributes of food products, holds the potential for even more pervasive impacts. Full realisation of such promises may require overcoming the constraining effects of restrictive GM product regulations.

A KUTATÁSI EREDMÉNYEK SORSA ÉS HASZNA

Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified products; Innovation; Regulation; Research and development..

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42811

Szucs, Istvan; Jarasi, Eva Zsuzsanna; Erdeine Kesmarki-Gally, Szilvia.

The economic development is generated by the continuous technical and economic innovation, what should be based on high level basic and applied research activity. For these reasons applied research based on high level may lay foundations. The utilization of the result of basic research may mean a lasting economic benefit. A country needs him for this for well-funded one to be, has to pursue a research-developmental activity with suitable intensity. Currently the intensity of R&D activity is very diverse in the world's countries, the R+D proportions of expenditures to GDP are between 0.8 and 5.0 %. The low research intensity is typical of the poorer countries, generally. Big efforts are put onto the increase of the efficiency of the research and...

Tipo: Book

Palavras-chave: Innováció; Gazdasági növekedés; Termelési hatékonyság; Tudásközpontok; Innovation; Economic growth; Effectivity of production; Knowledge-centers; Production Economics; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43415

How Large Are the Welfare Gains from Technological Innovation Induced by Environmental Policies?

Parry, Ian W.H.; Pizer, William A.; Fischer, Carolyn.

This paper examines whether the welfare gains from technological innovation that reduces future abatement costs are larger or smaller than the "Pigouvian" welfare gains from optimal pollution control. The relative welfare gains from innovation depend on three key factors - the initially optimal level of abatement, the speed at which innovation reduces future abatement costs, and the discount rate. We calculate the welfare gains from innovation under a variety of different scenarios. Mostly they are less than the Pigouvian welfare gains. To be greater, innovation must reduce abatement costs substantially and quickly and the initially optimal abatement level must be fairly modest.

Innovation systems perspectives on developing-country agriculture: a critical review

Palavras-chave: Innovation; Welfare; Regulation; Endogenous; Technological; Change; R&D; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q28; O32; O33.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10621

Spielman, David J..

Published as Spielman, David J. 2006. A critique of innovation systems perspectives on agricultural research in developing countries. Innovation Strategy Today 2(1): 41-54. Ithaca, NY: bioDevelopments International Institute.; Published as Spielman, David J. 2006. Systems of innovation: models, methods, and future directions. Innovation Strategy Today 2(1): 55-66. Ithaca, NY: bioDevelopments International Institute.

ANALYSING THE LOW ADOPTION OF WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

Palavras-chave: Innovation; Agricultural research; Technological innovation; Cooperation; Networks; Game theory; International Development.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59692

Perret, Sylvain R.; Stevens, Joe B..

Natural resource degradation and water scarcity are a global concern, which typically threatens the sustainability of smallholder farmers' livelihoods in semi-arid developing areas. As part of research efforts, a number of water-conservation technologies (WCT) have been developed, yet with low adoption rates in smallholder farming environments. This paper discusses the concepts of adoption and innovation, comparing the perspectives of research operators to the ones of smallholder farmers. Discrepancies are highlighted and ultimately explain low uptake of technologies by farmer. Then it addresses socio-economic factors affecting such adoption. It is argued that WCT show specific traits: (1) diversity and applicability to different time and spatial...

THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INNOVATION IN SHEEP BREEDING

Palavras-chave: Adoption; Innovation; Water conservation; Technologies; Collective action; Property rights; Sustainability; Livelihoods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18028

Public Support of the Processing and Marketing of Agricultural Products: A Driver of Innovation in the Food Industry?

Csatari, Gabor Bence.

During my investigations, I highlighted three innovations, all of which serve the production of a final product, sheep kefir. This product contains a unique added value and involves several innovational opportunities. I examined the complex economic analysis of the innovations and technological elements investigated with respect to revenues from the sale of sheep milk, sheep cheese (kashkaval) and sheep kefir. The kashkaval-type sheep cheese does not contain sufficient added value to cover the costs of innovational investments. Investigating the innovational activity for developing sheep kefir and for its market introduction, its cash flow balance becomes positive already in the second year after realization, and is able to generate significant profit.

Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation

Palavras-chave: Sheep breeding; Innovation; Recovery calculation; Sheep kefir; Sheep milk production; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91119

Schafer, Martin; Efken, Josef; Wendt, Heinz; Trefflich, Annette; Uetrecht, Inge.

At issue in this paper is the role of innovation within the public support of food-industries under EU rural development policy. It is focused on the questions: Are there fundamental economic characteristics of highly innovative in comparison to less innovative enterprises? And, what are successful strategies to promote innovations by intervention of the state. Baseline information is given through the data ascertainment of investment grant applications and collaboration with local state departments.

Branchenspezifische Besonderheiten im Innovationsverhalten des Ernährungsgewerbes: Eine empirische Analyse des Mannheimer Innovationspanels

Palavras-chave: Innovation; Industrial policy; Investment assistance; Food-industry; State-intervention; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6605

Kubitzki, Sabine; Anders, Sven M..

The article’s aim is to conduct a comparative cross-section analysis of the innovative behaviour of the German manufacturing industry. The peculiarities of the food industry are tested in a combined analysis based on both input and output indicators. Linear and logistic regressions are used to investigate the differences between the food industry and other branches of the manufacturing industry. In comparison to other branches, the food industry has lower research & development (R&D) expenditures whereas the import of research from more technology intensive sectors is high. Most of the released new products are improvements and imitations. Market novelties are rare. The development time for new products is relatively short compared to other...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Food industry; Innovation; Innovation behaviour; Innovation measurement; Input indicators; Output indicators; ZEW Innovation Panel; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97205

Market Orientation, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Examination of the Illinois Beef Industry

Micheels, Eric T.; Gow, Hamish R..

This paper explores the importance of a producer’s market orientation on their subjective performance within agricultural commodity markets. Using a structural equation model of beef producers, our findings suggest that market oriented firms are highly innovative and achieve superior performance. These findings are consistent with previous research on the market orientation-performance relationship in heterogeneous product markets. The cost focus of a firm was also found to have a significant influence on innovation, but no direct effect on performance. This suggests that beef producers should follow a balanced approach utilizing both an external market and an internal productivity focus to achieve superior returns as opposed to solely focusing on internal...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Market orientation; Beef production; Innovation; Performance; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q13; Q16.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53649

If We Want Entrepreneurs We Need to Provide the Right Environment

van Blokland, P.J..

This paper takes the notion that entrepreneurs are good for economies and outlines what countries can do to encourage entrepreneurship. It suggests that citizen rights and freedom are directly related with entrepreneurial activity. Illegal entrepreneurial activity is mentioned as an outlet in repressive localities. It lists areas of the world where freedom exists and where it does not. Historical, current and country examples are given to illustrate these suppositions and the paper concludes with the role of entrepreneurship in world agribusiness.

MULTIFUNCTIONAL AGRICULTURE AS AN INNOVATION PATH FOR RURAL AREAS

Palavras-chave: Entrepreneurs; Country freedom index; Innovation; Ownership; Agribusiness; Product; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24256

Madureira, Livia Maria Costa; Costa, Susete.

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential of MFA model to enhance innovation in rural areas build on the analysis of information from a database of best practices on innovation in EU rural areas collected by the RAPIDO project1. The analysis shows innovation to be strongly related to multiple-activity. This suggests the synergies between functions and land-uses to overlap the competition for resources between activities and that MFA shows a promising approach to enhance innovation in rural areas.

Capital and financing innovation processes in enterprises in Poland: selected aspects

Palavras-chave: Innovation; Multifunctionality; Rural areas; Sustainability; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57644

Assessing the effect of the CAP on farm innovation adoption. An analysis in two French regions

Janasz, Krzysztof.

Every economic entity undertakes various complex activities that aim at achieving strategic goals. This complex plane of strategic activities certainly includes pro-innovative activity consisting in creating and implementing innovations that help to gain competitive advantage. Undoubtedly, enterprises need capital. Without capital they are not able to positively influence the economic growth of any country. The aim of this article is to present the relationship between capital and financing innovation projects in Poland.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Capital; Innovation; Capital gap; Financial engineering.; Financial Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94632

Bartolini, Fabio; Latruffe, Laure; Viaggi, Davide.

Literature on innovation adoption mechanism has emphasised the positive effect of Single Farm Payments (SFP) and Rural Development Payments on adoption of new technologies. In this context, the expected process of CAP reforming after 2013 is likely to strengthen the role of innovation in the European Union (EU). The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of the adoption of future innovation, in particular in connection to past innovation, and to assess the role of agricultural policy in the promotion of innovation adoption. The analysis is applied to two regions (Centre and Midi-Pyrénées) in France. Two separate Count models are developed in order to explain famers’ stated intention concerning different intensities of innovation adoption...

Factors Affecting Biotechnology Innovation in Canada: Analysis of the 2001 Biotechnology Use and Development Survey

Palavras-chave: Innovation; Sequences of innovation; CAP; Zero inflated Poisson model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99594

van Moorsel, Daryl; Cranfield, John A.L.; Sparling, David.

Advancement in biotechnology requires continued innovative activity by firms. To grow, biotechnology firms must understand the factors affecting their innovative activity. Such understanding also informs policy makers, and supports the development of policies promoting one's biotechnology sector. This study explores factors which determine innovative activity within the Canadian biotechnology industry. Innovative activity is measured as the natural log of the number of products/processes a firm has at different stages of the innovation spectrum. A model is developed to regress this measure on several determinants of innovation. Significant drivers of innovation include: collaborative arrangements, transfer of intellectual property, firm size and age,...

Positional Advantage within Small Farms: Evidence from Illinois

Palavras-chave: Innovation; Biotechnology; Canada; Agriculture; Food; Human health; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34121

Micheels, Eric T.; Gow, Hamish R..

As the economic viability of small farms continues to be an issue facing policy makers and economists alike, a market orientation may be a valuable resource producers can develop as they compete in a marketplace dominated by larger firms. Marketing and strategy scholars have long established the importance of a market orientation in determining firm performance. More recently, scholars have studied the effect of these concepts in agriculture. Extending the literature of market orientation in agriculture, this study examines the concept of a positional advantage and its effect on performance using a sample of small farms in Illinois. Using a sample of 347 Illinois beef producers, we empirically measure and test the construct of positional advantage and test...

FACTORS INFLUENCING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE IN THE FOOD MANUFACTURING, CHEMICAL, AGRICULTURAL WHOLESALING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Innovation; Market orientation; Positional advantage; Farm Management; Production Economics; L11; L25; L26.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52810

Roucan-Kane, Maud; Pena, Inaki; Boehlje, Michael; Akridge, Jay T..

The objective of this study is to identify factors determining a business investment strategy (i.e., the choice of investment commitment and form of organizational structure) in the food manufacturing, chemical, agricultural wholesaling and biotechnology industries. Propositions regarding strategic alliance theories are tested on over 400 inter-firm collaborative agreements using secondary data from major US and European companies for the 1994-97 period. Results suggest that transactions with lower technological and resource uncertainty levels are more likely to result in investments with a higher commitment level (i.e., acquisitions or majority equity-based controlling investments). The investment commitment level embedded in a single business transaction...

R&D, Innovation and Growth: Evidence from Four Manufacturing Sectors in OECD Countries

Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Strategic alliances; Food manufacturing; Chemical; Agricultural wholesaling; Ag-biotechnology; Investment strategy; Innovation; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; L10.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47454

Ulku, Hulya.

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between R&D intensity, rate of innovation and the growth rate of output in four manufacturing sectors from 17 OECD countries. The findings suggest that the knowledge stock is the main determinant of innovation in all four manufacturing sectors and that R&D intensity increases innovation in the chemicals and the electrical and electronics sector. In addition, the rate of innovation has a positive effect on the growth rate of output in all sectors except for the drugs and medical sector. These results lend strong support for the non-scale endogenous growth models. *I am grateful to Adam Jaffe for his invaluable suggestions and comments.

Inovação tecnológica e cooperação entre os atores econômicos no arranjo produtivo local: o exemplo do mamão no Espírito Santo

Palavras-chave: Non-scale endogenous growth; R&D; Patent; Innovation; Output growth; System GMM; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O14; O30; O31; O33; O41.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30542

Ney, Vanuza Da Silva Pereira; Ponciano, Niraldo Jose; Zampirolli, Poliana Dare.

O artigo discute a formação e as características de um arranjo produtivo local tendo como base os elementos: cooperação, governança e inovação. Para isso resgata-se na literatura econômica os conceitos teóricos fundamentais de firma, inovação e concorrência, apresentando na última seção o caso do APL do mamão no Espírito Santo como exemplo de cooperação e esforço dos atores econômicos envolvidos no setor para seu fortalecimento e êxito no mercado externo. This article discuss the constitution and the characteristics of a cluster having as its base the elements: cooperation, leadership and innovation. For this, it is reviewed on the economic literature the fundamental theoretical concepts of firm, innovation and competition, presenting at the last section...

Sharing Science, Building Bridges, and Enhancing Impact: Public–Private Partnerships in the CGIAR

Palavras-chave: Arranjo produtivo; Inovação tecnológica; Mamão; Cluster; Innovation; Papaya; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103099

Spielman, David J.; Hartwich, Frank; von Grebmer, Klaus.

This study, which examines the role of public–private partnerships in international agricultural research, is intended to provide policymakers, research managers, and business decision-makers with an understanding of how such partnerships operate and how they potentially contribute to food security and poverty reduction in developing countries. The study examines public–private partnerships in light of persistent market failure, institutional constraints, and systemic weaknesses, which impede the exchange of potentially pro-poor knowledge and technology. The study focuses on three key issues: whether public–private partnerships contribute to reducing the cost of research, whether they add value to research by facilitating innovation, and whether they...

The Economic Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops

Palavras-chave: Agricultural R&D; CGIAR; Innovation; Public–private partnerships; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42405