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Contemporary Issues in Estimating Yield Distributions AgEcon
Pujula, Aude Liliana; Maradiaga, David Isaias; Dicks, Michael R..
In the research area of crop yield density estimation and in particular in risk analysis, little emphasis has been given to the appropriateness of transformation methods (e.g., removing a linear trend) and how such transformations impact the reliability of the empirical distribution functions and the resulting probability estimates. Similarly, there is little consensus on the impact of environmental variables (e.g., rainfall and temperature) on empirical distributions of yields. Using historical county corn yield data for Arkansas and Louisiana and nonparametric methods, this empirical analysis shed light on the importance of data transformation in crop risk analysis. Results demonstrate that inappropriate data treatment can lead to misestimation of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Probability Density Estimation; Nonparametric; Kernel; Nonstationary; Unit Roots; Data Transformations; Corn Yields; Weather; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56527
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VLIT NODE Sensor Technology and Prefarm AgEcon
Charvat, Karel; Musil, Marek; Krivanek, Zbynek.
Precision farming systems are based on a detailed monitoring of information and data that are necessary for successful decision-making in crop production. The system is designed for data collection from several resources. In past years an extensive research and development work has been done in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSN) in the world. When a wireless sensor network (WSN) is used for agricultural purposes, it has to provide first of all a long-reach signal. The present paper describes new long distance RFID based technology implementation - VLIT NODE.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Wireless Sensor Network; Precision Agriculture; RFID.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96875
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How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata AgEcon
Roodman, David.
The difference and system generalized method-of-moments estimators, developed by Holtz-Eakin, Newey, and Rosen (1988, Econometrica 56: 1371–1395); Arellano and Bond (1991, Review of Economic Studies 58: 277–297); Arellano and Bover (1995, Journal of Econometrics 68: 29–51); and Blundell and Bond (1998, Journal of Econometrics 87: 115–143), are increasingly popular. Both are general estimators designed for situations with “small T, large N” panels, meaning few time periods and many individuals; independent variables that are not strictly exogenous, meaning they are correlated with past and possibly current realizations of the error; fixed effects; and heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation within individuals. This pedagogic article first introduces linear...
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Xtabond2; Generalized method of moments; GMM; Arellano–Bond test; Abar; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122704
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Cotton Futures Dynamics: Structural Change, Index Traders and the Returns to Storage AgEcon
Power, Gabriel J.; Robinson, John R.C..
The commodity bull cycle of 2006-2008 and subsequent dramatic price decline have been a source of hardship for traditional commodity market participants such as producers and merchant/shippers. The usefulness of futures markets has been called into question, especially given that some market movements did not appear to be justified by economic fundamentals. An emerging research literature examines the possible influence of futures traders, and particularly the non-traditional Index Traders, on the well-functioning of futures markets and underlying commodity markets. Cotton is a relatively under-studied commodity that is of particular importance for producers in the South and Southwest. To this end, this paper asks the following questions: (1) What role...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cotton; Futures markets; Theory of storage; Convenience yield; Index Traders; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53044
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Designing Frameworks to Deliver Unknown Information to Support MBIs AgEcon
Eigenraam, Mark; Strappazzon, Loris; Lansdell, Nicola; Beverly, Craig; Stoneham, Gary.
This paper reports on a Catchment Modelling Framework (CMF) designed to support an Australian pilot of an auction for multiple environmental outcomes – EcoTender. The CMF is used to estimate multiple environmental outcomes including carbon, terrestrial biodiversity, aquatic function (water quality and quantity) and saline land area. This information was previously unavailable for application to environmental markets. This is the first time a market-based policy has been fully integrated from desk to field with a Catchment Modelling Framework for the purchase of multiple outcomes. This framework solves the unknown information problem of linking paddock scale landuse and management to catchment-scale environmental outcomes. The framework provides the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25673
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Testing Day’s Conjecture that More Nitrogen Decreases Crop Yield Skewness AgEcon
Du, Xiaodong; Hennessy, David A.; Yu, Cindy L..
While controversy surrounds skewness attributes of typical yield distributions, a better understanding is important for agricultural policy assessment and for crop insurance rate setting. Day (1965) conjectured that crop yield skewness declines with an increase in low levels of nitrogen use, but higher levels have no effect. In a theoretical model based on the law of the minimum (von Liebig) technology, we find conditions under which Day’s conjecture applies. Employing four experimental plot datasets, we investigate the conjecture by introducing (a) a flexible Bayesian extension of the Just-Pope technology to incorporate skewness, and (b) a quantile-based measure of skewness shift. For corn yields, the Bayesian estimation provides strong evidence in favor...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Gibbs sampler; Just and Pope technology; Negative skewness; Quantile regression.; Crop Production/Industries; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93471
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Development impact of higher education in Africa: The case of Uganda AgEcon
Obowna, Marios; Ssewanyana, Sarah N..
Using macro data from a series of household surveys, the paper demonstrates that to some extent there is positive correlation between per capita GDP growth and student enrollment in public universities in Uganda. It also finds that the higher education graduates employed in those sectors which have recorded higher growth rates. The higher education graduates do contribute to the economy indirectly through tax revenues which are in turn used to support social programs among others that benefit the society at large. the paper also demonstrates that the share of taxes from higher education graduates has been increasing over time...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Education; Universities; GDP; Ssewanyana; EPRC; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94208
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TOWARD A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH AgEcon
Lindner, Robert K..
Agricultural economists need to evaluate their own research priorities. The main difficulty in doing so is to value the types of information generated by economic research. Bayesian decision theory provides a framework for valuing information, and the results of selected studies using this methodology are collated. Most of the other determinants of research priorities can be encapsulated in a target return ratio measure. How such a framework might be used is illustrated by three 'hypotheticals'.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1987 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22453
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A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR THE ESTIMATION OF LAND VALUE AgEcon
Szucs, Istvan; Fekete-Farkas, Maria; Vinogradov, Szergey A..
In the framework of National Research and Development program No. 4/015/2004 “Land quality, land value and sustainable land use in conditions of European Union” has been developed the methodology of a complex land evaluation using modern technical means. Complex evaluation means an organic systematization of ecological and economical factors. The ecological assessment of land is executed in the D-e-Meter point system. The economical evaluation systematizes the effects of economical factors in conformity with structure of the D-e-Meter system.
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Land evaluation; D-e-Meter system; Corrected Gross Margin; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43403
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Analysis of quantitative traits using regression and log-linear modeling when phase is unknown AgEcon
Mander, Adrian P..
This function models the relationship between quantitative trait and the genotype of a person. It introduces a new syntax for model specification, which is necessary because when phase is unknown, the explanatory variables for the linear regression are never observed. The data must be a population-based sample because within family effects are not modeled.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Haplotype analysis; Association studies; Phase-unknown; Linear regression; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115951
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Participatory methods, guidelines and good practice guidance to be applied throughout the project to enhance problem definition, co-learning, synthesis and dissemination AgEcon
Bousset, Jean-Paul; Macombe, Catherine; Taverne, M..
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9302
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Analysis of the Method for the Selection of Regions with Concentrated State Aid AgEcon
Krejci, Igor; Voriskova, Andrea.
The paper deals with the analysis of a method used by the Czech Government and the Ministry for Regional Development to select regions with concentrated state aid. It contains a comparison with several different basic methods of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). The analysis focuses on a mathematical algorithm of the established MCDM method and does not consider validity of any selected socioeconomic criteria and their weights. Both the strengths and weaknesses of the used MCDM method are presented. The paper includes a simple proposal of the modification of the examined method that will prevent incorrect data normalisation used for region’s evaluation before revision in 2010. Data used for all calculations were obtained from the Ministry for Regional...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: The weighted sum approach; The TOPSIS; Multi-criteria decision-making; Regions with concentrated state aid; District.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96876
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A Choice Modelling Survey of Community Attitudes to Improvements in Environmental Quality in NSW Catchments AgEcon
Mazur, Kasia; Bennett, Jeffrey W..
The survey was designed to estimate environmental values suitable for integration into MOSAIC, a bio-economic model for catchment and farm level planning. Local residents, as well as distant rural and distant urban communities, were surveyed in three NSW catchments (Lachlan, Namoi and Hawkesbury-Nepean) using choice modelling (CM). The survey aimed to find out respondents’ attitudes about, and preferences for, potential natural resource management (NRM) improvements. In total, 3,997 responses were collected from seven different locations in NSW. Fourteen split samples were established to allow for testing of incentive compatibility in CM, the impact of respondent location on values held, and scale effects. This research report describes the development...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Nonmarket valuation; Choice modelling; Survey; Questionnaire design; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94813
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A general-purpose method for two-group randomization tests AgEcon
Kaiser, Johannes; Lacy, Michael G..
We outline a novel approach to calculate exact p-levels for two-sample randomization tests. The approach closely resembles permute in its applications, with the main difference being that the results are approximated only if the execution time needed to calculate exact p-levels would exceed a specified maximum. We demonstrate its use by deriving p-levels for the significance of Somers’ D, the coefficient of variation, the difference in means and in medians, and the difference in two multinomials.
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Tsrtest; Mwtest; Fptest; Somersdtest; Cvtest; Vartest; Randomization tests; Monte Carlo; Two-sample problem; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122702
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Speaking Stata: Graphing agreement and disagreement AgEcon
Cox, Nicholas J..
Many statistical problems involve comparison and, in particular, the assessment of agreement or disagreement between data measured on identical scales. Some commonly used plots are often ineffective in assessing the fine structure of such data, especially scatterplots of highly correlated variables and plots of values measured “before” and “after” using tilted line segments. Valuable alternatives are available using horizontal reference patterns, changes plotted as parallel lines, and parallel coordinates plots. The quantities of interest (usually differences on some scale) should be shown as directly as possible, and the responses of given individuals should be identified as easily as possible.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Graphics; Comparison; Agreement; Paired data; Panel data; Scatterplot; Difference-mean plot; Bland–Altman plot; Parallel lines plot; Parallel coordinates plot; Pairplot; Parplot; Linkplot; Tukey; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116252
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MULTIPLE OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS IN QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING MODELS AgEcon
Paris, Quirino.
The problem of determining whether quadratic programming models possess either unique or multiple optimal solutions is important for empirical analyses which use a mathematical programming framework. Policy recommendations which disregard multiple optimal solutions (where they exist) are potentially incorrect and less than efficient. This paper proposes a strategy and the associated algorithm for finding all optimal solutions to any positive semidefinite linear complementarity problem. One of the main results is that the set of complementary solutions is convex. Although not obvious, this proposition is analogous to the well-known result in linear programming which states that any convex combination of optimal solutions is itself optimal.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1983 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32089
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EVALUATION OF COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: INSIGHTS FROM A SURVEY OF SUGAR INDUSTRY RESEARCHERS AgEcon
Henderson, Tracy M..
The Australian agricultural research and development (R&D) sector faces many challenges associated with the trend to increased collaborative research as promoted by the Cooperative Research Centre Program. Analysis of the results of an electronic survey of researchers involved in the sugar industry highlights economic, managerial, and sociological challenges associated with collaborative research. Researchers’ perceptions of the usefulness of a range of economic and non-economic evaluation techniques are also highlighted. It is shown that economic evaluation is appropriate for resource allocation and impact assessment purposes but is of limited value in monitoring and improving the process of collaborative research. A systems-based approach to the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Collaborative research; Sugar; Systems approach; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57889
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DO PRODUCER RISK ATTITUDES EFFECT THE SIZING OF ON-FARM HARVEST, DRYING, AND STORAGE SYSTEMS? AgEcon
Davis, Todd D.; Patrick, George F..
An on-farm harvest, drying and storage system simulation model is used to determine how producers' risk attitudes effect combine and dryer capacity. Stochastic dominance determines the risk efficient combine and dryer set for a 2000 acre farm in central Indiana. Capacities decrease as risk aversion increases.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21640
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Assessing the Spatial and Temporal Variation of Output-Input Elasticities of Agricultural Production in Turkey AgEcon
Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward); Cho, Seong-Hoon; Koc, A. Ali; Gulden, Boluk; Seung Gyu, Kim.
Preliminary Draft
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Turkey; Agricultural Reform and Implementation Project; Geographically weighted regression; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; C3.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56544
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TESTING THE PECKING ORDER THEORY AND THE SIGNALING THEORY FOR FARM BUSINESSES AgEcon
Zhao, Jianmei; Katchova, Ani L.; Barry, Peter J..
Numerous empirical studies in the finance field have tested many theories for firms¡¦ capital structure. Under the assumption of asymmetric information, the pecking order theory proposes the financing order for farm businesses, which implies a negative relationship between their cash flow and leverage. Meanwhile, the signaling theory suggests a farms' financing strategy, meaning high quality farms prefer to facilitate their capital rising by sending diverse signals to potential lenders. Could these capital structure theories be applied for farm businesses? This paper tests the applicability of the pecking order theory and the signaling theory for farm businesses. The results show that farm businesses not only follow the pecking order theory but also the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Farm Businesses; Pecking Order Theory; Signaling Theory; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q14.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20215
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