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| Registros recuperados: 11.824 | |
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| Stavins, Robert N.; Whitehead, Bradley W.. |
| We examine what will be required if market-based environmental policy instruments are to become a major force in U.S. environmental policy. We define market-based instruments, and specify five categories: pollution charges; tradable permits; deposit refund systems; reducing market barriers; and eliminating government subsidies. We review major U.S. applications, including: EPA's emissions trading program; the leaded gasoline phasedown; water quality permit trading; CFC trading; SO2 allowance trading; and the RECLAIM program. We assess the U.S. experience in terms of the relatively limited use of these instruments and in terms of the mixed record of performance of implemented instruments. We ask how the next generation of market-based instruments can be... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q48. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10640 |
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| Batres-Marquez, S. Patricia; Jensen, Helen H.. |
| Evidence from recent U.S. food consumption surveys provides new information on the distribution of rice consumption, the characteristics of rice consumers, and the diets of people who consume rice. Recently available data from nationally representative surveys of food consumed by individuals in the United States allowed comparison of consumption today (2001-02) with consumption in the mid-1990s. Data come from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (1994-96) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-02). Rice is consumed by a significant portion of the U.S. adult population. In 2001-02, over 18 percent (18.2 percent) of adults reported eating at least half a serving of white or brown rice in one day of observed intake.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Dietary guidelines; Rice consumption; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18670 |
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| Luigi, Zingales. |
| The U.S. system of security law was designed more than 70 years ago to regain investors’ trust after a major financial crisis. Today we face a similar problem. But while in the 1930s the prevailing perception was that investors had been defrauded by offerings of dubious quality securities, in the new millennium, investors’ perception is that they have been defrauded by managers who are not accountable to anyone. For this reason, I propose a series of reforms that center around corporate governance, while shifting the focus from the protection of unsophisticated investors in the purchasing of new securities issues to the investment in mutual funds, pension funds, and other forms of asset management. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: U.S. Security Law; Securities Regulation; Trust; Financial Economics; G2; G28; G01. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50356 |
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| Centner, Terence J.. |
| Conflicts between persons engaged in animal husbandry and their neighbors have given legislative bodies many challenges in responding to competing equities. One set of rules has concerned the enclosure of domestic livestock, and legislative bodies have adopted assorted fence rules to resolve competing interests associated with grazing by domestic animals. Alternative fence-out legislation still exists in some jurisdictions for open range and very rural areas. Under fence-out legislation, ranchers do not have to build fences to confine their animals; rather, persons who want to keep out stray livestock have the burden of putting up a fence. Economists have given considerable attention to the externalities posed by livestock and the economic... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16688 |
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| Fitzharris, Joseph C.. |
| The growth of Minnesota's agricultural sector, 1880-1970, was quite considerable. More important than providing a history, this study provides the necessary background for examination of the agricultural research system of Minnesota. Here, the record will be detailed. This study examines, in turn, the record of: output and production; the factors of production; relative output and input prices changes; and the structural changes in the sector |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 1976 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14023 |
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| Pizer, William A.. |
| While the rest of the world has pursued absolute emissions limits for greenhouse gases, the Bush administration has proposed an alternative policy formulation based, among other things, on reducing emissions intensity-that is, emissions per dollar of real gross domestic product. Critics of this formulation have denounced the general idea of an intensity-based emissions target, along with its voluntary nature and weak targets. This raises the question of whether intensity-based emissions limits, distinct from the other features of the Bush initiative, offer a useful alternative to absolute emissions limits. This paper makes the case that they do, based on how emissions targets are framed. The argument draws on four key observations: greenhouse gas emissions... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Climate; Policy; Intensity; Global warming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; Q56. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10917 |
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| Fogarty, James Joseph. |
| As food is an experience good, the market for restaurant meals is a market where the cost of acquiring information regarding quality is relatively high. In such markets consumers often turn to reputation measures to guide purchase decisions. As Australia does not have a longstanding cuisine style of its own, and given Australia has been open to substantial immigration inflows since federation, it represents an especially appropriate market to study regarding the impact of individual restaurant reputation and collective cuisine reputation on meal prices. The following study uses the hedonic price approach to investigate the implicit price of individual reputation indicators, cuisine type reputation indicators, and other objective indicators in the market... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Expert Opinion; Food; Hedonic Pricing; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; R22. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108666 |
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| Kennedy, Gary A.; Henning, Steven A.; Vandeveer, Lonnie R.. |
| This report presents the results from the first annual Louisiana Rural Land Market Survey. The survey was designed to collect detailed information from rural real estate professionals regarding market conditions in their areas. Results of this study suggest that land values vary by area of the state and the primary commodity grown on the tract. Substantial variation in land value within areas and by parish suggests a number of factors affect rural land values and markets. Further research will be designed to measure the effects of these various factors on rural real estate markets. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31662 |
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| Brown, Zachary S.; Bellemare, Marc F.. |
| We develop a method to structurally estimate principal-agent models by ordinary least squares (OLS). We set up a general principal-agent model which explicitly incorporates the wealth levels of each party and the opportunity cost to the agent of entering the contract. This yields an optimal contract that is linearized by way of an Nth order Taylor approximation. This in turn imposes N(3N-1)/2 restrictions on the parameters and yields an empirical test of the canonical principal-agent model. In the application, we consider the case where N = 2 and apply our method to a sample of land tenancy contracts in rural Madagascar. Empirical tests lead to consistent failure to reject the hypotheses derived from our structural model, which lends support to our... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Principal-Agent Models; Contract Theory; Structural Estimations; Risk and Uncertainty; C12; C13; D86; O12; Q12. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49368 |
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| Stern, Nicholas. |
| n the last twenty years economics has created much of lasting value and real potential: it has been a very fertile period. But economics has also suffered from what I shall term „collective amnesia‟ covering whole areas of public policy. And on policy and the role of government it has, embarrassingly in my view, swayed with the political winds to the detriment of both our profession and to outcomes. Both the amnesia and the political bending have contributed to the economic crisis of the last year or two and to hostility towards the profession. My purpose here is first to lament the amnesia on theories of public policy in imperfect economies, in short the subject of public economics, to describe the bending of public policy analysis to political vogue, and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Public Policy; Climate Change; Public Economics; H. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55333 |
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| Saak, Alexander E.. |
| Many cases of externalities in agricultural production, such as pesticide drift, cross-pollination, and offensive odors, are attributable to the incompatibility of neighboring land uses and exhibit distance dependence. We characterize equilibrium spatial patterns of externality-generating and -receiving land uses on a two-dimensional lattice with noncooperative, profit-maximizing producers. In equilibrium, generators or recipients form one or more neighborhoods with certain geometric properties, depending on how an externality dissipates with distance and whether there is an externality generated outside the region's boundaries. Efficient land-use arrangements maximize social welfare subject to the implementability constraints stipulating that no... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Graph partitioning; Land-use arrangement; Spatial externality; Supermodular game; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18501 |
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| Registros recuperados: 11.824 | |
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