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| Registros recuperados: 4.619 | |
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| Caswell, Julie A.; Wang, Joanne. |
| Data on U.S. Food and Drug Administration import detentions and alerts are used to quantify regulatory barriers experienced by Asian food products entering the United States. These data offer the only comprehensive means of assessing regulatory barriers without relying on expert opinion, although they fall short of placing a dollar value on the volume of trade affected. The data show that meeting food regulations is a significant barrier to Asian food products entering the United States, especially for products originating in developing and newly industrialized countries. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Asia; Food products; Regulatory standards; Trade; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14696 |
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| Wainio, John; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Dyck, John H.. |
| Since 2001, the United States has concluded negotiations with 13 countries, resulting in 8 trade agreements (TAs). Three additional agreements have been negotiated but not yet ratified by Congress, as of March 2011. Other countries have become increasingly active in negotiating their own trade pacts. This proliferation of TAs between key U.S. trading partners and competitors may have raised concerns among U.S. exporters, whose share in established markets could be eroded by such deals. In this study, ERS examines how recently concluded TAs between ASEAN (Southeast Asia) countries and China and Australia/New Zealand, as well as pending TAs between the United States and Korea, Colombia, and Panama, will likely affect U.S. agricultural trade. Model results... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Market access; Free trade agreements; Tariffs; Trade agreements; Trade creation; Trade diversion; Trade promotion agreements; GTAP model.; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102754 |
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| Marsh, John M.. |
| U.S. live cattle and beef trade has increased substantially since the mid-1980s. Total beef imports (cattle and beef, dressed weight) increased from 2.51 billion pounds in 1985 to 3.89 billion pounds in 1998. Total beef exports (cattle and beef, dressed weight) increased from 0.42 billion pounds to 2.38 billion pounds over the same period. Consequently, net imports declined by 0.58 billion pounds. On a value basis, U.S. net beef exports (value of total beef exports less the value of total beef imports) has become considerably less negative, increasing by 88 percent from 1980 to 1998. The overall improvement in the U.S. beef trade was characterized, however, by different trade impacts with the major export customers and import suppliers. These countries are... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29165 |
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| Tabone, Kperim; Koffi-Tessio, Egnonto M.; Diagne, Aliou. |
| The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors which influence the competitiveness of local rice in Togo in order to contribute to a better formulation of a rice policy. This analysis was done by a characterization of the actual situation of the local production and by the evaluation of the incentives of the state pricing policy as well as the production’s competitiveness. The approach of the Policy Analysis Matrix (MAP) or reference price was used. The analysis of the results shows, on the one hand, that the production of local rice in Togo exhibits a comparative advantage compared to imported rice and, on the other hand, that the public interventions favour the local production. Indeed, the local production benefits from an implicit protection... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Policy Analysis Matrix (MAP) rice; Quality; Competitiveness; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95781 |
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| Mohanty, Samarendu; Smith, Darnell B.; Peterson, E. Wesley F.. |
| In this paper, relationships between U.S. and Canadian wheat prices are examined using cointegration and error correction approach. The use of an error correction model is appropriate because U.S. and Canadian wheat prices are first differenced stationary and cointegrated. The results suggest that both U.S. durum and hard spring wheat prices respond to restore the equilibrium relationship with the corresponding Canadian price while the Canadian price does not respond to restore equilibria. That is, the structure of the respective policies is such that Canadian markets are largely insulated from influences flowing from the United States while U.S. markets are not insulated from Canadian influences. These results could be interpreted to support the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18575 |
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| Fleming, Euan M.; Blowes, Anita. |
| We examine export performance and the factors influencing export growth in ten South Pacific countries, concentrating on the comparative influences of geographic endowments, policies and institutions. The countries under study are Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Only Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands experienced a positive trend in total commodity export values. Agricultural export values grew significantly only in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Most countries experienced growth in non-agricultural commodity export values, albeit from a low base. As a general rule, export performance was superior for countries with richer endowments of natural resources. Geographic... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12949 |
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| Wolf, Susanna. |
| The partnership between the EU and the ACP countries (that include 38 of the world's 49 least developed countries) has a long standing history and was renewed in 2000 with the Cotonou Agreement. Furthermore, the European Commission has become the world's fifth largest donor of development aid - and therefore one of the most important - in the 1990's. When total aid is looked at the ACP countries are disproportionally among those receiving the most foreign aid per capita in the world and hence the effects of European aid are of special relevance for them. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate the effect European aid has on investment in the ACP countries. It contributes to the ongoing debate on aid effectiveness by arguing that the impact f aid... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26129 |
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| Surkov, Ilya V.; Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.; van Kooten, Olaf. |
| This paper presents an empirical model of optimal budget allocation for import inspection of imported commodities. In this model, the budget constrained inspecting Agency wants to minimize the expected pest costs related to import trade pathways. The model is applied to the problem of budget allocation for inspection of chrysanthemum cuttings imported to the Netherlands. The numerical results imply that under a budget constraint, resources should be first allocated for inspection of pathways with the greatest expected pest costs. Pathways with lower expected pest costs should receive less or no resources. The inspecting Agency has to trade off risks between inspected and non-inspected pathways. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21253 |
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| Wainio, John; Dyck, John H.; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Vollrath, Thomas L.. |
| The growing number of free trade agreements among U.S. competitors has prompted questions about whether U.S. agricultural exporters may lose a share of the global market. ERS research shows that the recently created ASEAN-China and ASEANAustralia/ New Zealand free trade agreements are likely to have modest adverse impacts on U.S. agricultural exports. The Mercosur-Colombia free trade agreement has reduced U.S. agricultural exports to Colombia; U.S. grain sellers face increasingly stiff competition due to preferential tariffs granted to Mercosur exporters. |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121095 |
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| Barichello, Richard R.. |
| To analyze Canada's Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ) administration, a model of efficient quota administration is put forward. After examining the operation of the Canadian TRQ system for its twenty-one TRQs, conclusions are drawn. In general this system has worked well in Canada. The quotas are almost all filled, and the administration is transparent and not costly for quota-holders to use. Among the international lessons from Canada's experience are that few WTO rules may be needed in this area, aside from steps to ensure the TRQ is fully available to users and can be freely transferred among them. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31335 |
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| Wainio, John; Vanzetti, David. |
| Development objectives dictate that the Doha negotiations address tariff escalation. This could increase the production and export of processed goods in developing countries, expand investment and employment, and reduce dependence on primary product exports. Despite its importance, little progress has been made, notwithstanding that a final resolution to the negotiations will not be possible without bringing this issue to resolution. This paper quantifies tariff escalation within WTO members' tariff schedules and the degree to which a tiered formula could address this problem. Utilizing a detailed partial equilibrium global agricultural trade model we estimate the possible gains to developing countries from reducing tariff escalation. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Tariff escalation; Agriculture; Trade; Tariffs; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6034 |
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| Registros recuperados: 4.619 | |
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