SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Davis, Elizabeth E.; Freedman, Matthew; Lane, Julia; McCall, Brian P.; Nestoriak, Nicole; Park, Timothy A..

The rise of super-centers and the entry of Wal-Mart into food retailing have dramatically altered the competitive environment in the industry. This paper explores the impact of such changes on the labor market practices of traditional food retailers. We use longitudinal data on workers and firms to construct new measures of compensation and employment, and examine how these measures evolve within and across firms in response to changes in product market structure. An additional feature of the analysis is to combine rich case study knowledge about the retail food industry with the new matched employer-employee data from the Census Bureau.

Market Share and Price Setting Behavior For Private Labels and National Brands

Palavras-chave: Supermarkets; Human resource practices; Competition; Internal labor market; Wage growth; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14349

Cotterill, Ronald W.; Putsis, William P., Jr.; Dhar, Ravi.

In this paper, we develop a framework for estimating market share and price reaction equations in an attempt to understand the nature of competitive interaction in the market for private label and branded grocery products. Specifically, we employ a Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS, Deaton and Muellbauer 1980a), and specify the price reaction equations derived under the LA/AIDS demand specification. This enables us to consistently estimate shareprice relationships, accounting for demand-side and competitive reactions simultaneously. The incorporation of LA/AIDS demands into a structural equation framework represents an important departure from previous demand specifications in competitive analysis. In addition to its rigorous...

Firm-specific information, product differentiation, and industry equilibrium

Palavras-chave: Competition; Competitive strategy; Private labels; Pricing; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25209

Perloff, Jeffrey M.; Salop, Steven.

Where consumers have imperfect information about specific firms’ prices and lack information about the market, firms have informational market power. In general, improving the consumer’s information about each firm’s price will not necessarily lower average market price. We show, however, that certain types of improvements will lower price. Moreover, a reduction in barriers to entry (e.g., capital costs) will lower price-holding information constant. Where a significant number (but not all) consumers have perfect information, single-price equilibria are impossible.

Assessing the Competitive Interaction Between Private Labels and National Brands

Palavras-chave: Competition; Consumers; Consumers' preferences; Consumer education; Mathematical models; Demand elasticity; Economics; Equilibrium; Marketing; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis.

Ano: 1985

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47003

Cotterill, Ronald W.; Putsis, William P., Jr.; Dhar, Ravi.

In contrast to single-equation cross-sectional studies of private label share, developing a complete understanding of the nature of the competitive interaction between national brands and private labels requires an understanding of the determinants of both demand and strategic pricing decisions by firms. Consequently, we estimate a simultaneous system of share and price for private labels and national brands. From the empirical results, two measures of market response are derived. The unilateral demand elasticity measures the pure own demand response, while the residual (or total) elasticity also captures the impact of competitive price reaction (Baker and Bresnahan 1985). When taken together, these provide important strategic insights into the pricing...

Feedlot and Packer Pricing Behavior: Implications for Competition Research

Palavras-chave: Competition; Competitive strategy; Private labels; Pricing; Demand and Price Analysis.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25177

Ward, Clement E..

Seldom are observed losing bids available in industry data. A special workshop of the Fed Cattle Market Simulator was designed to capture bids for each pen of cattle traded. Data enabled identifying buyer and seller behavior in the price discovery process, both before and after imposed mergers of the two largest and two smallest packer teams. Highest losing bids also were estimated with packer bid functions and compared with observed highest losing bids. An estimated price discovery model indicated market structure as measured by number of buyers was more important than simply the number of bids or size of transactions.

Concorrência e estratégias de precificação no sistema agroindustrial do leite

Palavras-chave: Buyer behavior; Competition; Fed cattle; Marketing; Pricing; Seller behavior; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7365

Azevedo, Paulo Furquim de; Politi, Ricardo Batista.

This article aims to evaluate the degree of competition in the dairy industry, in the relevant markets of Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk and pasteurized milk, by means of price transmission and marketing margin behavior. The empirical analysis is based on the model formerly proposed by Houck (1977) and latter detailed by Carman and Sexton (2005).This model analyzes separately the effects of input price increases and reductions on consumer prices, allowing for estimations of price transmission and margin behavior. Cepea-USP and Fipe provide, respectively, weekly input prices and consumer prices, both for the period of December 1999 to December 2005. As a major result, the degree of competition in the UHT relevant market was found to be robustly different...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Competition; Price transmission; Dairy industry.; Agribusiness; L11; Q13.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61234

A PRECARIEDADE DO TRANSPORTE RODOVIÁRIO BRASILEIRO PARA O ESCOAMENTO DA PRODUÇÃO DE SOJA DO CENTRO-OESTE: SITUAÇÃO E PERSPECTIVAS

Capacle, Vivian Helena; Ramos, Pedro.

A região Centro-Oeste do país se destaca como um pólo produtor de soja e essa produção é escoada, em sua maioria, por meio de rodovias. Pela crise fiscal do Estado, a partir dos anos 80, a malha rodoviária brasileira perde participação nos recursos públicos para investimentos em sua ampliação, conservação e restauração e, essa escassez de investimentos nas rodovias tem reflexos sobre a competitividade internacional da soja dos cerrados, uma vez que o principal modal utilizado para o escoamento dessa produção para os portos das Regiões Sul e Sudeste é o modal rodoviário cujas vias estão em estado precário de conservação, com destaque para trechos das rodovias BR 163 e BR 364 que são vias importantes na região do Centro-Oeste. Por conta disso, 25% da receita...

The effect of tariffs in markets with vertical restraints

Palavras-chave: Infra-Estrutura de Transportes; Rodovias; Soja; Competitividade; Transportation Infrastructure; Roads; Soy Bean; Competition; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109376

Fargeix, Andre; Perloff, Jeffrey M..

Can health warnings and nutritional information lower welfare?

Palavras-chave: Competition; Economics; Equilibrium; Marketing; Mathematical models; Monopolies; Tariff; Welfare economics; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1987

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47040

Perloff, Jeffrey M..

Television Advertising and Soda Demand

Palavras-chave: Benefit-cost analysis; Competition; Health; Monopolies; Nutrition; Welfare economics; Food Security and Poverty; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 1981

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47006

The regional specifity of structural change in agriculture: An assessment of the role of farmers’ strategic behaviour on the land market

Lopez, Rigoberto A.; Liu, Yizao; Zhu, Chen.

This study examines the effects of television advertising on consumer demand for carbonated soft drinks using a random coefficients logit model (BLP) with household and advertising data from seven U.S. cities over a three year period. We find that advertising decreases the price elasticity of demand, indicating that advertising plays predominantly a persuasive, therefore anti-competitive role in this market. Further results show that brand spillover effects are significant and that measuring advertising with gross rating points (GRPs) outperforms measuring it with expenditures, as is conventionally done. Finally, simulation results indicate that eliminating all television advertising would lower market shares of sodas as consumers migrate to other...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Advertising; Demand; Competition; Consumer behavior; Sodas; Carbonated soft drinks; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Marketing; D12; L66; Q18; I18.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124445

Margarian, Anne.

Among the family-farms in western Germany, significant regional differences are observable. They exist not only with respect to present farm-structure but also with respect to patterns of structural change. In the present paper, the different farm-development-strategies that cause these regional patterns are explained economically. As a central cause for their stability in a competitive environment, the relatedness of agricultural production to the non-renewable factor land is identified. Moreover, the coordination of the different strategies, which results in regional clusters, is shown to evolve endogenously in a model of strategic interaction on the land-market. It is demonstrated that due to the existence of rents of the status quo and resulting...

Price Transmission and Marketing Margins in the Slovenian Beef and Pork Markets During Transition

Palavras-chave: Market Structure; Firm Behaviour; Equilibria; Rationality; Farming; Complementarity; Competition; Disequilibrium Dynamics; Agriculture; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59522

Bojnec, Stefan.

As in many other transition countries processing and marketing margins are also larger in the Slovenian meat market than respective margins in market economies. In addition, margin of the Slovenian pork chain is greater than in the beef chain. Its decline in the pork market indicates an adjustment to more competitive markets. Co-integration models are applied to estimate vertical price transmission and to examine margins and degree of competition in the meat marketing chains. Results indicate the existence of a long run equilibrium regarding vertical price transmission in the beef and pork sectors. Both the farm-gate beef and pork prices are identified as weakly exogenous in the long run. The structural tests imposing a homogeneity restriction suggest a...

U.S. Meatpacking: Dynamic Forces of Change in a Mature Industry

Palavras-chave: Price transmission; Marketing margin; Co-integration; Competition; Marketing; D4; L1; C3; Q1.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24789

Buhr, Brian L.; Ginn, Bruce.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Meatpacking; Five Forces; Competition; Supply Chain; Vertical Coordination; Relevant Markets; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Q13; Q18; L11; L22; L2; L66.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104210

Interconnected firms’ relationships as a source of a competitive advantage

Structure of Dairy Markets: Past, Present, Future

Rudawska, Iga.

The mainstream economy poses the opinion that a competitive advantage lies in resources, and, consequently - in competences as well - being a share of a single company and remaining under its sole control. Recently, some researchers (e.g. Castaldo, 2007; Lavie, 2006) have revised that approach and tend to emphasise the role of other sources of competitive advantage in business strategy, which embrace new, intangible assets. Such assets are being born and developed only within the inter-firm relationships built in network environment. Thus, the presented paper focuses on relational-based approach towards gaining relational rent. It aims at discussing the sources of an appropriated relational rent and, presenting - after Lavie, a new types of rent extracted...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Enterprise; Relationship management; Competition; Relational rent; Partnership.; International Development; M10; M31; I11.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95946

Manchester, Alden C.; Blayney, Donald P..

The U.S. dairy industry, many segments of which supported dairy policy changes in the 1996 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act, is much different than it was 20 or even 10 years ago. This report provides a historical overview of the industry, more detailed examinations of the fluid milk market and selected manufactured dairy product markets, a discussion of future prospects and trends in the industry, and some thoughts on the implications of those prospects and trends for dairy farmers and their organizations, processors, dairy product manufacturers, and retailers.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Dairy; Butter; Cheese; Nonfat dry milk; Market structure; Pricing; Competition; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33929

The dynamic annihilation of a rational competitive fringe by a low-cost dominant firm

Berck, Peter; Perloff, Jeffrey M..

A low-cost dominant firm will drive all competitive fringe firms out of the market if all firms have rational expectations; however, the dominant firm will not predate (price below marginal cost). Since a dominant firm will not drive out fringe firms if they have myopic expectations, it may be in the dominant firm’s best interests to inform the fringe. The effects of governmental intervention on the optimal path and welfare are presented.

Competition, Regulation and Privatisation of Electricity Generation in Developing Countries: Does the Sequencing of the Reforms Matter?

Palavras-chave: Competition; Industry; Marketing; Mathematical models.

Ano: 1987

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43636

Zhang, Yingang; Parker, David; Kirkpatrick, Colin.

Recent years have seen countries introducing reform of their utility industries with a view to promoting private ownership and competition. This paper studies the effect of the sequencing of privatisation, competition and regulation reforms in electricity generation using data from 25 developing countries for the period 1985 to 2001. A fixed effects panel data model is used. The study finds that establishing an independent regulatory authority and introducing competition before privatisation is correlated with higher electricity generation, higher generation capacity and, in the case of the sequence of competition before privatisation, improved capital utilisation.

Competition and Dynamics in Trade Patterns: Hungarian and Slovenian Agri-Food Trade with the European Unions' Trading Partners

Palavras-chave: Privatisation; Competition; Regulation; Developing economies; Economic performance.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L33; L43; L44; L50; 012; O38; O50.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30599

Bojnec, Stefan; Ferto, Imre.

Trade balances and unit values in Hungarian and Slovenian bilateral agri-food trade with Austria, Germany and Italy, respectively, to distinguish types of the one-way and the two-way trade flows, categories of price competition and categories of quality competition in the twoway trade flows, their dynamics and stability over time are analyzed. The two-way matched trade flows prevail among trade types. In the matched two-way bilateral agri-food trade there is prevalence of categories of price competition over categories of non-price competition, but varies across trading partners. In Hungarian agri-food trade the first category of successful price competition and the third category of successful non-price or quality competition prevail, suggesting...

IS THE EU SUGAR POLICY REFORM LIKELY TO INCREASE OBESITY?

Palavras-chave: Competition; Trade types; Dynamics; Mobility index; F12; Q17; Q18; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25760

Bonnet, Céline; Requillart, Vincent.

National Health authorities recommend a decrease in the consumption of ’added’ sugar. At the same moment, a reform of the Common Organisation of the Sugar Market will lead to a decrease by more than 30% of the sugar price in the EU. Using the example of the soft drink industry, this paper investigates the impact of that reform on the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages. Because the soft drink industry as well as the retail industry are both highly concentrated, using structural econometrics model, we first estimate models of vertical relationships between the beverage industry and the retail industry. After selecting the ’best’ model of vertical relationships, we then simulate the impact of the decrease in sugar price on prices and consumption for...

Risk, Overconfidence and Production in a Competitive Equilibrium

Palavras-chave: Vertical contracts; Two part tariffs; Competition; Manufacturers; Private labels; Retailers; Differentiated products; Soft drinks; Non nested tests; Sugar CMO; Passthrough; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116414

Just, David R.; Cao, Ying; Zilberman, David.

Previous studies have found underestimation of risk, or overconfidence, to be pervasive. In this paper, we model overconfidence as a reduction in perceived variance. We generalize the analysis of Sandmo and examine the effects of competition on firms displaying overconfidence. Cases for both competitive equilibrium and imperfect competition are investigated. We show that overconfidence may strictly dominate rationality in a competitive market by leading risk averse producers to invest greater amounts and produce more. This leads to a higher average profit, and greater variance of profits, leaving the producer a greater probability of surviving competitive pressures. Despite the greater variance of profits, if enough producers underestimate their risk, they...