SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Parry, Ian W.H..

This paper examines multi-factor productivity trends in the U.S. petroleum, coal, copper and logging industries since 1970. Measures of multi-factor productivity growth are negative for all four industries during the 1970's. At the time this led to fears that stocks of natural resources were being exhausted, and this might hinder future economic growth. However in retrospect the 1970's look like an exceptional period, rather than marking a change in long run productivity trends. The decline in measured multi-factor productivity in that decade appear to be explained by a number of special factors that generally have a transitory rather than a permanent effect on productivity growth. For example, the rise in natural resource prices encouraged the entry of...

Innovation, Productivity Growth, and the Survival of the U.S. Copper Industry

Palavras-chave: Productivity; Natural resources; Technological innovation; Depletion effect; Productivity Analysis; Q30; O30.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10585

Tilton, John E.; Landsberg, Hans H..

Mining is widely viewed as an old industry with mature and stable technologies. Companies and countries with the best deposits are the most productive and efficient producers. As these deposits are depleted, mining shifts to countries with the next best deposits. This tendency to exploit poorer quality ores tends to push productivity down and the prices of mineral commodities up over time. Copper mining in the United States, however, calls into question this conventional view. After leading the world in output for decades, the U.S. industry lost its ability to compete and suffered a major decline during the 1970s and early 1980s. In the face of predictions of complete collapse, it staged a remarkable revival, and today mines more copper than in 1970. A...

Supply Chain and Network Performance: Metrics for Profitability, Productivity, and Efficiency

Palavras-chave: Copper industry; Productivity; Technological change; Comparative advantage; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q30; L72; O31; F14.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10534

Weaver, Robert D..

The architecture of the firm involves determination of a boundary that encompasses the functions managed by the firm. The past decade has seen substantial reorganization of firms where vertical or horizontal integration has been unbundled into weaker forms of collaborations including value chains and networks. This observation has forced a re-conceptualization of the boundaries of the firm to incorporate such collaborations. These collaborations are virtual and highly dynamic. They emerge and persist when two conditions are met. First, they must enable generation of greater value than might be attained through independent operation and anonymous transactions through markets. Second, the resulting growth must be shared with members in a way that retains...

DUALITY OF FARM STRUCTURE IN TRANSITION AGRICULTURE: THE CASE OF MOLDOVA

Palavras-chave: Networks; Collaboration; Metrics; Productivity; Efficiency; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59183

Lerman, Zvi; Cimpoies, Dragos.

The duality of farm structure in Moldova is manifested by the existence of a relatively small number of large corporate farms at one extreme and a very large number of small and very small family farms at the other. “Medium-sized” family farms, the backbone of any market agriculture, virtually do not exist in Moldova. Moldovan agriculture is characterized by a much greater concentration of land in large farms than agriculture in market economies. The small individual farms on the whole are more productive and more efficient than the large corporate farms. They produce higher incomes for rural families than corporate farms. The main conclusion of the paper is that land should be allowed to flow from large corporate farms to small family farms through the...

Productivity and Economic Effects of Antibiotics Used for Growth Promotion in U.S. Pork Production

Palavras-chave: Farm structure; Efficiency; Productivity; Land fragmentation; Land concentration; Farm size; Moldova; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7139

Miller, Gay Y.; Algozin, Kenneth A.; McNamara, Paul E.; Bush, Eric J..

Public health experts are concerned about the diminishing efficacy of antibiotics. Some have called for a ban on growth-promoting antibiotics in animal agriculture. This study identifies the contribution of growth-promoting antibiotics in the grower/finisher phase of U.S. pork production. With National Animal Health Monitoring System swine data, relationships are estimated between growth-promoting antibiotic use and productivity. Results indicate improvements in average daily gain (0.5%), feed conversion ratio (1.1%), and mortality rate (reduced 0.22 percentage points); these productivity improvements translate into a profitability gain of $0.59 per pig marketed, or an improvement of 9% in net profits associated with growth promotion antibiotics.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Economics; Growth promotants; Productivity; Resistance; Swine; Q12; Q18.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43146

A produção de leite no Rio Grande do Sul: produtividade, especialização e concentração (1990 – 2009)

Marion Filho, Pascoal Jose; Fagundes, Jones de Oliveira; Schumacher, Gabriela.

This article evaluates the evolution of productivity, specialization and concentration of milk production in microregions of Rio Grande do Sul in the period 1990 to 2009. Productivity is measured by the ratio between milk production and the number of cows milked, the specialization is calculated from the location quotient (QL) and concentration is determined by the location Gini (GL), according to the geographical division of microregions of IBGE. The survey results showed that increases productivity, specialization and concentration in milk production, with emphasis on microregions of Três Passos, with QL equal to 2,33 in 2008, and Passo Fundo, with productivity of 4.197 liters/cow in 2009. The location Gini also showed a significant growth in the period...

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Milk; Productivity; Location Quotient; Location Gini; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121297

The Dynamics of Productivity Changes in Agricultural Sector of Transition Countries

Kim, Hanho; Lee, Sangjun; An, Donghwan.

Relying on frontier production approach (e.g., Luenberger's shortage function), we investigated the performance of agricultural sector in transition countries and its changes over time, especially focusing on the dynamics of productivity changes. We found that; (i) CEE countries have improved their performance during the sample period whereas CIS have not; (ii) productivity changes in the last decade was attributable to the technical progress; (iii) overall performance was decelerated for the second 5-year sub-period (1997-2001) in both regions; (iv) agricultural reform has positive effects on the productivity and its components especially in CEE countries.

Russia's Frangible Tendency to Rise: What Can Be Observed at Macro- and Meta-Level?

Palavras-chave: Transition countries; Productivity; Directional distance function; Agricultural reform; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19339

Voigt, Peter.

This paper is an extraction of some results achieved in a comprehensive study of Russia's transition in its regional as well as sectoral dimension. Thereby, the transition process between 1993 - 2000 has been approximated by aggregated developments of productivity, technical change, and technical efficiency which all have been calculated by a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The obtained results have been analyzed with respect to any institutional circumstances in a second analytical step. Based on that, in a third step, some political call for actions have been specified as well as addressed according to regional/federal responsibility. The study has shown a notable heterogeneity within the considered regional as well as sectoral transition paths....

Impact assessment of rehabilitation intervention in the Gal Oya Left Bank

Palavras-chave: Russia; Transition; Productivity; Efficiency; Regional development; Political Economy; O47.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24591

Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Sakthivadivel, Ramasamy; Murray-Rust, Hammond.

Assesses the impact of rehabilitation interventions on irrigation system performance using time series analysis. The study demonstrates that with proper impact specification and model identification, the nature and magnitude of the impacts of different interventions can be separated from the effects of simultaneous changes in dominant exogenous factors.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Water management; Irrigation systems; Productivity; Rehabilitation; Models; Project evaluation; Rain; Reservoir storage; Sri Lanka; Gal Oya Project; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52965

Improving water productivity: how do we get more crop from every drop?

International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture.

Based on research presented in the book “Water Productivity in Agriculture : Limits and Opportunities for Improvement” by J.W. Kijne, R. Barker and D. Molden. If current trends continue, the water crisis—which is already beginning to rear its head in many countries through depleted groundwater aquifers, dried-up rivers and wetlands, and frequent water shortages—will indeed become a global problem. A recent study by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) projects that if present trends continue, by 2025 competition from growing cities and industry worldwide will limit the amount of water available for irrigation, causing annual global losses of 350 million metric tons of food...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Water management; Productivity; Irrigation management; Supplemental irrigation; Crop production; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113016

Trade Complexity and Productivity

Altomonte, Carlo; Bekes, Gabor.

We exploit a panel dataset of Hungarian firms merged with product-level trade data for the period 1992-2003 to investigate the relation between firms' trading activities (importing, exporting or both) and productivity. We find important self-selection effects of the most productive firms induced by the existence of heterogeneous sunk costs of trade, for both importers and exporters. We relate these sunk costs of trade to the relationship-specific nature of the trade activities, entailing a certain degree of technological and organizational complexity. We also show that, to the extent that imports and exports are correlated within firms, failing to control for the importing activity leads to overstated average productivity premia of exporters.

Efficiency and Productivity Analysis of Cooperative Dairy Plants in Haryana and Punjab States of India

Palavras-chave: Trade Openness; Firms' Heterogeneity; Productivity; International Relations/Trade; F12; F14; L25.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54170

Singh, Satbir; Coelli, Tim J.; Fleming, Euan M..

Since the 1970s, the policy of Indian government has been to promote dairy development on the basis of the cooperative organisations. During the 1990s the dairy industry in India was liberalised. This study examines the impact of the liberalisation policy on the cooperative dairy plants in India. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Fisher index approach are applied to measure economic efficiency and total productivity changes, respectively. The data involves 65 observations from a complete panel of 13 cooperative dairy plants from 1992/93 to 1996/97. The empirical results show that the deregulation and liberalisation of the dairy industry alone is not the answer.

PRODUCTION CONTRACTS AND FARM PRODUCTIVITY: EXAMINING THE LINK USING INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES

Palavras-chave: Productivity; Efficiency; Fisher index; Indian dairy processing; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12909

Key, Nigel D.; McBride, William D..

Estimating how production contracts affect farm productivity is difficult because the decision to use a contract is endogenous to other decisions affecting productivity. This study uses the local availability of production contracts as an instrument for whether a farm uses a contract in order to estimate the impact of contract use on total factor productivity. Results indicate that use of a production contract is associated with a large increase in productivity for feeder-to-finish hog farms in the U.S. The instrumental variable method makes it credible to assert that the observed association is a causal relationship rather than simply a correlation.

Case-study forty-year historical analysis of production and resource use on northern Victoria dairy farming

Palavras-chave: Productivity; Production contracts; Instrumental variables; Sample selection; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9716

Melsen, Monique G.; Armstrong, Dan P.; Ho, Christie K.M.; Malcolm, Bill; Doyle, Peter T..

Recent analysis from surveys of dairy farms has shown that despite large increases in production, the productivity gains on these farms have been modest. Productivity gains are important for farm viability, farmers have made production gains through adoption of technologies and increases in scale. This long-term farm case study of an irrigated dairy farm over a 40-year period provides an in-depth analysis of system changes and management complexity. Detailed records of milk production, herd, farm area and infrastructure, water use, supplementary feed, and labour were collected and pasture consumption was estimated. Changes in milk production were analysed in relation to individual resources, particularly farm inputs. Increases in production were associated...

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Dairy farming systems; Productivity; Long-term case study; Farm production measures; Farm Management.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122240

SOURCES OF GROWTH AND SUPPLY RESPONSE: A CROSS-COMMODITY ANALYSIS OF CHINA'S GRAIN SECTOR

Colby, Hunter; Diao, Xinshen; Somwaru, Agapi.

A growth accounting method is used to analyze the sources of growth in China's rice, wheat, corn and soybeans, the four most important crops in China's grain sector, during 1978-97. A large TFP contribution to growth in grain production is found in the period immediately following China's rural economic reform (1978-85). In recent years the growth rate of TFP falls sharply, contributing less than 20 percent of growth in grain production, as increased use of inputs became the major engine of growth. If the current government policy environment remains unchanged, China's grain production will become increasingly costly and constrain future growth and competitiveness in world grain markets. The supply response of the four grains is estimated using a...

The Impact of Agricultural Policy Distortions on the Productivity Gap: Evidence from the Rice Production

Palavras-chave: Supply response; Economic growth; Productivity; China; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Q11; O4; O47.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12985

Rakotoarisoa, Manitra A..

This study determines how production and trade policy distortions affected rice productivity in thirty-three rice-producing countries. A rice-productivity index for each country is constructed, and a model linking the productivity gap with policy distortions is presented. After controlling for the differences in infrastructure, openness, and human capital, this article shows that high subsidies and protection in developed countries combined with taxation of rice farming in poor countries have widened the gap in rice productivity between rich and poor rice countries.

Wheat Diversity and Productivity in Indian Punjab After the Green Revolution

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy distortions; Trade policies; Productivity; Rice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6154

Smale, Melinda; Singh, Joginder; Di Falco, Salvatore; Zambrano, Patricia.

The Punjab of India is an historical source of key wheat genetic resources in national and global plant breeding, and a focus of concerns about the abandonment of local varieties during the Green Revolution. Much of the wheat area in Punjab was already planted with earlier products of modern plant breeding programs when the Green Revolution began. These cultivars were more genetically similar and less productive than the semi-dwarf wheat varieties that succeeded them. We define, summarize and test indices of variety change and genetic diversity for the modern wheat varieties released and grown in Indian Punjab during the post-Green Revolution period. The first is the area-weighted average of varieties grown, which measures the rate of variety change,...

Basin-level use and productivity of water: examples from South Asia

Palavras-chave: Wheat; Genetic diversity; Indian Punjab; Productivity; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q57.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25794