SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Huang, Qiuqiong; Liu, Yang; Rozelle, Scott; Polasky, Stephen; Wang, Jingxia.

This paper examines how the nature of a common property resource affects the effectiveness of community-based management on resource conservation. We focus on groundwater management in rural China because there are different types of community-based groundwater management in different communities. In some communities wells are collectively owned and the community leader allocates water among households. In our paper we call this collective well management. In other communities wells are privately owned and households make their own pumping decisions. We call this private well management. In comparing the effects of different types of well management on the groundwater resource, unlike previous studies, we control for the nature of the aquifer. Communities...

The Long-Term Impacts of Orphanhood on Education Attainment and Land Inheritance among Adults in Rural Kenya

Palavras-chave: Community-based management; Connected community; Isolated community; Collective well management; Private well management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; O17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49920

Yamano, Takashi.

The long-term economic impacts of the AIDS epidemic on orphans have been major concerns in countries hit by the epidemic. Responding to these concerns, previous studies have investigated the schooling of orphans. Yet, few studies have investigated the impacts of orphan status into adulthood. Therefore, this paper examines the education attainment and land inheritance of former orphans, who have lost at least one parent before reaching 15, by using a survey of 889 households in Kenya in 2004. In the survey, we have asked the ages of household members when they lost their parents, if they have suffered such a loss, and identified former orphans. Among individuals who started schooling before the Free Education Program introduced in 1974, we find about a one...

Farmland Allocation along the Rural-Urban Gradient: The Impacts of Urbanization and Urban Sprawl

Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; Orphans; Land Inheritance; Schooling; Kenya; Labor and Human Capital; I0; I3; J1; O1; Q15.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25263

Delbecq, Benoit A.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M..

In the vicinity of a city, farmers are confronted with increasing agricultural land prices and rents along the rural-urban gradient, but they concurrently enjoy the advantages associated with proximity to a larger and wealthier consumer base. We hypothesize that farmers transition from low-value, land-intensive \traditional" crops to high-value, labor-intensive \specialized" crops on parcels located closer to urban centers. Once returns to development of a parcel exceed the profits associated with farming, exurban farmers may sell their land for conversion to urban use. Urban pressure in the rural-urban fringe intensifies as cities expand. We differentiate between a gradual process of urban growth (or urbanization) and urban sprawl. Utilizing farmland...

Range and Limit of Geographical Indication Scheme: The Case of Basmati Rice from Punjab, Pakistan

Palavras-chave: Land use; Urban sprawl; Agriculture; Specialized crops; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; C31; O13; Q15; R14.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61723

FARMERS’ SURVIVAL STRATEGIES IN THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND

Giraud, Georges.

Basmati is well renowned as the most aromatic rice over the world. Populated urban markets are prone to accept a premium to Basmati, whom price is the highest for rice on trade and domestic markets. Punjab province represents 90% of overall Basmati rice production in Pakistan since immemorial times. This area forms the genuine alluvial lands appropriate for Basmati cultivation. Due to its price premium, some opportunist behaviors appear such as cropping blending of polished long grain from other varieties. The need of protection is clearly documented, but the registration of a Geographical Indication, will probably increase Basmati market shortages.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Basmati rice; Marketing; Commodity chain; Geographical Indication; Pakistan; Marketing; Q10; Q13; Q15.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53628

Bergmann, Holger; Thomson, Kenneth J..

Small and medium-sized farms all over Europe guarantee their survival by a broad range of strategies and different income sources. In remoter areas of highly developed countries such as the UK, such strategies may be expected to have their own characteristics, both legislative and socio-economic. This paper reports results from a socio-economic survey carried out among 40 Scottish agricultural households in the Caithness and Sutherland region of the North of Scotland, focussing specifically on the diversification strategies of (larger) farms and (smaller) crofts related to the multifunctionality of agriculture. After analysing the land, labour and capital use of farm/croft households in the region, the paper analyses why farms/crofts in this remote area...

THE COST OF MEETING EQUITY: OPPORTUNITY COST OF IRRIGATION IN THE FISH-SUNDAYS SCHEME OF SOUTH AFRICA

Palavras-chave: Farm households; Scottish Highlands; Income sources; Diversification; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Q12; Q15; R20; R10.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52832

Hoag, Dana L.; Conradie, Beatrice.

In this paper the incremental values of water are calculated for irrigators in the Fish-Sundays Scheme of South Africa's Eastern Cape province. The socio-political pressure for redistribution of agricultural resources provided the imperative for this study. The model of the Fish-Sundays Scheme reflects a survey of 50 000ha of fodder and citrus production. It explicitly models the water demand on sixteen typical farms, for five irrigation technologies, six crops and four livestock activities. The existing allocation generates an average value of R0.0423/m3/year, which increases to R0.0681/m3/year if farmer-to-farmer trading is allowed given existing infrastructure. Unrestricted trade raises the average value to R0.0719/m3/year. The marginal cost of...

Using Farm Sales as a Means Test for Receiving Direct Payments

Palavras-chave: Water value; Irrigation; Linear programming; South Africa; Eastern Cape; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q12.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25832

Ray, Daryll E.; Schaffer, Harwood D..

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Q18; Q17; Q15; Q51.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93680

Biofuels Potential in Latin America and the Caribbean: Quantitative Considerations and Policy Implications for the Agricultural Sector

Ludena, Carlos E.; Razo, Carlos; Saucedo, Alberto.

Rising oil prices has led to increased interest to replace domestic demand for liquid fuels for transport (petrol and diesel) with biofuel production (ethanol and biodiesel). One of the pioneers in biofuel production is Brazil, which since the 1970s has established a government program that promotes the production and consumption of ethanol. Currently, Brazil is the leading producer of ethanol in the world and has started also programs for biodiesel production based on soybeans, oil palm and other crops. Other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have also expressed interest in biofuel production, and have started programs, and in some cases the legislation that promotes biofuel production. However, most of the analysis of biofuel crops has been...

Links among Farm Productivity, Off-Farm Work, and Farm Size in the Southeast

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Land availability; Price effect; Agricultural structure; Latin America; Caribbean; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q11; Q15.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9986

Yee, Jet; Ahearn, Mary Clare; Huffman, Wallace E..

This paper examines the linkages among agricultural total factor productivity, farm size, and farm household participation in the off-farm labor market for the Southeastern states for the period 1960-1996. We find evidence of a simultaneous relationship between productivity and measures of farm structure. The results support the expected relationships between the endogenous variables, namely that productivity and farm size are positively related, farm size and off-farm work participation are negatively related, and off-farm work and productivity are negatively related. We find positive and significant impacts of government policies (investments in public research, extension, and highways) on productivity growth.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Farm size; Off-farm work; Productivity; Southeast; Structural change; J22; O47; Q15; Q16; Q18.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43450

Agriculture in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina: Social Buffer vs. Development

Bojnec, Stefan.

This paper draws attention to the specific post-civil-war situation in agriculture and the food sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). These developments are presented in an association with the overall situation in the country. Due to economic and non-economic reasons, B&H faces a general problem of a lack of international competitiveness. In a current situation, there are rare products to be internationally competitive and the country relies on imports of food and other products. During the post-civil-war emergency and reconstruction stage, the bulk of food and agricultural inputs, were donated or granted by different governments, humanitarian organizations, and donors to mitigate the effects of widespread poverty caused by the war destructions...

Precision Timing and Spatial Allocation of Economic Fertilizer Application

Palavras-chave: Poverty; Social buffer; Land leasing; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Agribusiness; Q15; Q18; O13; O52.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24726

Dillon, Carl R.; Gandonou, Jean-Marc.

Recent increases in fertilizer, particularly nitrogen, and fuel price have resulted in increased production cost for farmers. In this paper a farm level production model that compare uniform and variable rate fertilizer (NPK) application is developed that permits an analysis of the economic performance of fertilizer management regarding profitability. Results show that farmer's exposure to fertilizer and fuel prices risk have substantial impact both on the expected net returns and production practices for producers both uniform and variable rate technology.

Skills, Partnership and Tenancy in Sri Lanka Rice Farms

Palavras-chave: Q12; Q15; Q55; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34955

Desilva, Sanjaya.

This paper examines whether sharecroppers and fixed-rent tenants in the rice farms of South Asia are distinguished by their farming skills. The idea that fixed-rent contracts are typically given to relatively skilled tenants dates back to the agricultural (tenancy) ladder hypothesis of Spillman [1919]. The screening models [e.g. Hallagan 1978] that have attempted to formalize this idea assume that landlords do not observe the tenants skill levels. This assumption is restrictive, and has found little support in empirical studies. The principal-agent model proposed in this paper focuses on the differences between time-intensive and skillintensive labor tasks. I show that tenancy contracts are designed to match the provision of these tasks with the owners of...

MARKET REFORMS VERSUS STRUCTURAL REFORMS IN RURAL CHINA

Palavras-chave: Land tenancy; Farming skills; Agricultural labor; Sri Lanka; Crop Production/Industries; O13; O17; D23; Q12; Q15.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28401

Carter, Colin A.; Estrin, Andrew J..

This paper adds to the debate on the impact of market reforms versus structural reforms in explaining agricultural output growth in China. A multiple-output stochastic frontier and a technical inefficiency equation are estimated using provincial data on the rural economy from 1986 to 1995. Grain self-sufficiency policies and incomplete market reforms in the 1980s and 1990s led to allocative inefficiency. Agricultural disinvestment shrunk the production frontier and the fragmentation of land holdings reduced technical efficiency. China's rural economic reform is far from being complete.

Impact of Groundwater Over-draft on Farm Income and Efficiency in Crop Production

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; O47; Q12; Q15.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11965

Sharif, Mahin; Ashok, K.R..

In this study, the cost of groundwater extraction, impact of groundwater depletion on farm income, wateruse efficiency, technical efficiency in crop production and costs of groundwater depletion among different categories of farmers have been reported. The study has been conducted in the Chamarajanagar district of the Karnataka state, where groundwater is the major source of irrigation. Data have been collected from over-exploited, semi-critical and safe villages. The study has shown a wide difference between large and small farms in their access to groundwater resource in terms of cost. The functional analysis has revealed that farm income is lower in over-exploited and semi-critical villages compared to safe villages. The mean technical efficiency in...

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Over-draft; Farm income; Water-use efficiency; Technical efficiency; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q15; Q25.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119382

Salvage the treasure of geographic information in Farm census data

Gocht, Alexander; Roder, Norbert.

In Germany, since several decades the RAUMIS modelling system is applied for policy impact assessments to measure the impact of agriculture on the environment. A disaggregation at the municipality level with more than 9.600 administrative units, instead of currently used 316 counties, would tremendously improve the environmental impact analysis. Two sets of data are used for this purpose. The first are geo-referenced data, that are, however, incomplete with respect its coverage of production activities in agriculture. The second set is the micro census statistic itself, that has a full coverage, but data protection rules (DPR) prohibit its straightforward use. The paper show how this bottleneck can be passed to obtain a reliable modelling data set at...

Salvage the treasure of geographic information in Farm census data

Palavras-chave: Highest Posterior Density estimator (HPD); RAUMIS; Down scaling; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C11; C61; C81; Q15.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115982

Gocht, Alexander; Roder, Norbert.

Scale Effects, Technical Efficiency and Land Lease in China

Palavras-chave: Highest Posterior Density estimator (HPD); RAUMIS; Down scaling; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C11; C61; C81; Q15.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114824

Wang, Xiaobing; Yu, Xiaohua.

Using a panel dataset from Zhejiang province in China over the period 1995-2002, we propose a two-step estimation procedure to investigate the links between land lease activity and production efficiency. We find that the output elasticity with respect to land, the scale effect and the technical efficiency are higher for farmers involved in land-lease activities. In addition, technical efficiency and land-lease activity are endogenous, and farmers with higher technical efficiency are more likely to lease more land and adopt advanced technologies to achieve higher profits, which in turn alters the technical efficiency.

Addressing the wicked problem of water resource management: An ecosystem services approach

Palavras-chave: Land Lease; Land Use Rights; Technical Efficiency; Scale Effect; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Q15; P23; D50.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115736

Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.; Tompkins, Jean-Marie; Cullen, Ross.

This paper develops a systematic assessment of the sustainability of ecosystem services provided by rivers impacted by water storage projects. Given the conflicting preferences amongst stakeholders and the incomplete, uncertain and contradictory understanding about river ecology it is recognized that managing water resources sustainably is a wicked problem. In order to address this wicked problem, the methods of multi-criteria analysis and graph analysis are applied, in accordance with integrated water resource management, to assess the potential of investing in water storage projects and explore for sustainable solutions through the construction of an ecosystem services index.

PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND LARGE FARMS IN MOLDOVA

Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Ecosystem services index; Graph analysis; Integrated water resource management; Multi-criteria analysis; Sustainability; Wicked problems; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q27; Q51; Q58; Q57.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100556

Lerman, Zvi; Sutton, William R..

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the productivity of small and large farms in Moldova based primarily on cross-section data from three farm surveys conducted by the World Bank and USAID in 2000 and 2003. The survey data are supplemented where feasible with time series from official national-level statistics. We calculate partial land and labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical efficiency scores (using Stochastic Frontier and Data Envelopment Analysis algorithms) for the two categories of small individual farms and large corporate farms. Our results demonstrate with considerable confidence that small individual farms in Moldova are more productive and more efficient than large corporate farms. This finding is not restricted...

Structural Adjustment Processes of Farming Enterprises: The Role of Trust for Cooperation and Collaboration Strategies

Palavras-chave: Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Technical efficiency; Total factor productivity; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Farm Management; D24; J24; P27; P31; P32; Q12; Q15; R14.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7133

Albisser, Gregor.

As a consequence of the reorientation of the Swiss as well as the European agricultural policy, prices for agricultural products drop and farmers have to reduce their production costs or will lose income. Therefore a lot of farmers have a high incentive to change their production structures. One of the most effective strategies to reduce production costs is going into cooperation and collaboration with other farmers. Therewith farmers can profit from scale effects without changing the property rights. Several case studies as well as results from modeling reveal that farmers have more income with less workload. In reality only 3% of Swiss farmers have gone into a collective farming system. Weaker forms of cooperation like sharing machinery are more common...