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Nachwachsende Rohstoffe – entwicklungspolitisch einmal anders gedacht AgEcon
Breuer, Thomas; Henckes, Christian; Loos, Tim K.; Zeller, Manfred.
Steigende Agrarpreise, und damit steigende Nahrungsmittelpreise, beleben die Diskussion über die Notwendigkeit der „Non-Food“-Nutzung (Anbau von Energiepflanzen, aber auch Pflanzen für die stoffliche Nutzung, z.B. Holz oder Kautschuk) von Agrarrohstoffen. Dieses Diskussionspapier betrachtet die allgemeinen Brennpunkte der Debatte und erörtert speziell die Möglichkeiten von Biotreibstoffen als Triebkraft für Investitionen in Infrastruktur und Marktzugang im ländlichen Raum und als Treiber der Nachhaltigkeitsdiskussion im Agrarsektor der Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländer. Auf lange Sicht ist die konkurrierende Nutzung von Land für Energie- und Nahrungsmittelpflanzen differenziert zu betrachten. Kurz- bis mittelfristig jedoch ist die energetische und...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agrarrohstoffe; Biomasse; Nachwachsender Rohstoff; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit; Agrarpolitik; Nachhaltigkeit; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114751
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Are Agricultural Policies Making Us Fat? Likely Links Between Agricultural Policies and Human Nutrition and Obesity, and their Policy Implications AgEcon
Alston, Julian M.; Sumner, Daniel A.; Vosti, Stephen A..
Rates of obesity among adults and children in the U.S. are soaring, with potentially huge private and social costs. Increasing attention is being paid to agricultural policies as both the culprits through their perceived roles in reducing the relative prices of energy-dense foods, and as the potential saviors through their perceived ability to do the opposite. However, the effects of agricultural policies on human nutrition and obesity are not well understood. This paper considers (1) trends in agricultural commodity prices, and the contributions of commodity policies and agricultural R&D policies to those trends, (2) the links between changes in commodity prices and changes in food prices; and (3) the implications of price-induced changes in food...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: H5; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q18; Q16; I0.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25343
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National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Capacity in Developing Countries AgEcon
Cohen, Joel I.; Komen, John; Zepeda, Jose Falck.
Adequate public research capacity is key to the appropriate development of biotechnology, including genetically modified (GM) crops. While commercial crops can be introduced without intensive local research (i.e. insect resistant GM cotton), introducing products of public research depend on indigenous capacity. This paper defines capacity for agricultural biotechnology research and then provides national funding levels for such work in six developing countries. As one indicator of capacity and outputs, GM crops developed from public research in developing countries are documented, and attention given to issues remaining for capacity, research and development. Knowledge of investments in public biotechnology improves policy decisions, clarifies roles of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Research Capacity; GMO; Biosafety; Investments; Funding.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O38; Q16.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23790
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Multimedia Mapping and GIS Integration for Data Acquisition and Sustainable Resource Management in Extension AgEcon
Joseph, Edwin.
Belize City, Belize 23rd - 27th July, 2007
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: GIS; GPS; Multimedia technologies; Extension; Agribusiness; Q16.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122909
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The Economics of Generating and Maintaining Plant Variety Rights in China AgEcon
Koo, Bonwoo; Pardey, Philip G.; Qian, Keming; Zhang, Yi.
Notwithstanding the ambiguous research and productivity promoting effects of plant variety protections (PVPs), even in developed countries, many developing countries have adopted PVPs in the past few years to comply with their Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) obligations. Seeking and maintaining PVPs reserves options to an expected revenue stream from the future sale of protected varieties, the value of which varies for a host of reasons. In this paper we empirically examine the pattern of plant variety protection applications in China since its PVP laws were first introduced in 1997. We place those PVP rights in the context of China’s present and likely future seed markets to identify the economic incentives and institutional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Crop improvement; Option value; Seed markets; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; O32; O34.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57908
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Subjective Wealth, Policy Change, and Political Opinions: Evidence from the Cotton Reform in Burkina Faso AgEcon
Kaminski, Jonathan.
This paper provides new evidence on the pattern of individual subjective welfare after a natural experiment in policy-led rural development, and aims to identify the causal relationships between subjective welfare and political opinions on the effects of the policy change. I adopt a structural approach by introducing a reference-based utility function that contains a signal of individual participation in the policy change, which is conveyed by political opinions. Using data collected in cotton areas of Burkina Faso, several simultaneous estimations are performed to analyze seemingly covariant political opinions on the recent cotton reform and changes in subjective wealth, while addressing measurement issues related to subjective indicators as well as...
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Subjective Wealth; Burkina Faso; Policy Change; Rural Development; Political Opinions.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; I32; 013; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119531
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Factors Influencing Farmer Adoption of Portable Computers for Site-Specific Management: A Case Study for Cotton Production AgEcon
Walton, Jonathan C.; Larson, James A.; Roberts, Roland K.; Lambert, Dayton M.; English, Burton C.; Larkin, Sherry L.; Marra, Michele C.; Martin, Steven W.; Paxton, Kenneth W.; Reeves, Jeanne M..
Personal digital assistants (PDA) and handheld global positioning systems (GPS) have become increasingly important in cotton production but little is known about their use. This research analyzed the adoption of PDA/handheld GPS devices in cotton production. A younger farmer who used a computer in farm management and had a positive perception of Extension had a greater likelihood of adopting the devices. In addition, farmers who used complementary remote sensing, plant mapping, and grid soil sampling information were more likely to use PDA/handheld GPS devices. Finally, the COTMAN in-field decision support program from Extension also positively impacted adoption.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Decision support; Information technology; Precision farming technology; Variable rate technology; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; D21; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90671
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Hog Producers' Risk Management Attitudes and Desire for Additional Risk Management Education AgEcon
Patrick, George F.; Peiter, Amy J.; Knight, Thomas O.; Coble, Keith H.; Baquet, Alan E..
Hog producers in Indiana and Nebraska were surveyed about sources of risk, effectiveness of risk management strategies, and prior participation in and desire for additional risk management education. Ownership of hogs by the producer, size of the operation, and age did have significant effects on ratings of both sources of risk and effectiveness of risk management strategies. Probit analysis found age, prior attendance, knowledge and prior use of the tool, level of integration, and concern about price and performance risk have significant effects on interest in further education about production contracts, futures and options, packer marketing contracts, and financial management.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Financial management; Futures and options; Packer marketing contracts; Production contracts; Risk attitudes; Risk management; D81; D83; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37110
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Genetically Engineering Crops for a Sustainable Agriculture AgEcon
Ervin, David E.; Welsh, Rick.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; Q24; Q25; Q55; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94765
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Landscape Clubs: Co-existence of GM and Organic Crops AgEcon
Furtan, William Hartley; Guzel, A.; Weseen, A.S..
The possibility of increased production of genetically modified (GM) crops in agriculture accentuates the need to examine the feasibility of GM and non-GM technologies coexisting on a common physical landscape. Using the theory of clubs, this paper examines the possibility of coexistence for GM and organic wheat technologies through the formation of an organic club with an endogenously determined buffer zone. Given the available data on prices, yields, and rotations, it is shown that a club can be created in which GM and organic agricultural production technologies can economically co-exist in the same physical landscape. Specifically, co-existence results in an increase in economic welfare over a situation where only GM technology is used but is not...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; D71; Q16.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24495
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Determinants of Household Contributions to Collective Irrigation Management: A Case of the Doho Rice Scheme in Uganda AgEcon
Nakano, Yuko; Otsuka, Keijiro.
In order to explore the conditions of successful irrigation management, this study investigates the determinants of household contributions to the cleaning of irrigation channels and the availability of water. By using primary data collected in an irrigation scheme in Uganda, we find that household contributions to the cleaning of irrigation channels are determined by the scarcity of irrigation water, opportunity cost of labor, and private benefit associated with plot size. We also find that the availability of irrigation water increases in the tertiary irrigation area where the coefficient of variation of plot size is large.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Irrigation Management; Collective Action; Sub-Saharan Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O12; O13; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95919
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The Relevance of Information Sources on Adoption of Precision Farming Technologies by Cotton Producers AgEcon
Garcia-Jimenez, Carlos I.; Mishra, Ashok K.; Paxton, Kenneth W.; Lambert, Dayton M.; Velandia, Margarita M.; Rejesus, Roderick M.; Segarra, Eduardo.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/16/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Strategic communication; Competitiveness; Extension; Economics of information; Technology diffusion; Technology supply; Communication methods; Knowledge management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; D22; D80; D82; D83; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98123
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Economic Efficiency of Smallholder Irish Potato Producers in Kenya: A Case of Nyandarua North District AgEcon
Nyagaka, Daniel; Obare, Gideon A.; Nguyo, Wilson.
With declining Irish potato production trends in Kenya this paper identifies and analyses factors that influence the economic efficiency of smallholder Irish potato producers in Kenya by drawing on data from random sample of 130 smallholder farmers from Nyandarua North district. A dual stochastic parametric decomposition technique is used to disaggregate economic efficiency components and a two-limit Tobit model is used to derive efficiency indices as a function of a vector of socio-economic characteristics and institutional factors. Empirical results show decreasing returns to scale in production. The mean economic efficiency is 0.39 with a range of 0.12 - 0.66. Education, access to extension, access to credit and membership in a farmers association...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Productivity; Stochastic frontier functions; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D12; D24; O33; Q16.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49917
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The Effect of Farm Labor Organization on IPM Adoption. Empirical Evidence from Thailand AgEcon
Beckmann, Volker; Irawan, Evi; Wesseler, Justus.
This paper examines the effect of labor organization on integrated pest management (IPM), using cross section data collected from a participatory farming system survey of 157 durian growers in Chanthaburi, Thailand, in 2005. In contrast to many studies of IPM adoption, this work uses the form of farm labor organization as an endogenous factor for identifying the rate of IPM adoption among durian growers. The instrumental variables method was employed to econometrically relate a set of alleged variables as instruments of labor organization to the rate of IPM adoption. Results show that, among others, farms employing hired labor have a significantly lower adoption rate of IPM.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Labor Organization; IPM Adoption; 2SLS; Farm Labor; Agricultural Extension; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; J2; J43.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55767
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Market Orientation, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Examination of the Illinois Beef Industry AgEcon
Micheels, Eric T.; Gow, Hamish R..
This paper explores the importance of a producer’s market orientation on their subjective performance within agricultural commodity markets. Using a structural equation model of beef producers, our findings suggest that market oriented firms are highly innovative and achieve superior performance. These findings are consistent with previous research on the market orientation-performance relationship in heterogeneous product markets. The cost focus of a firm was also found to have a significant influence on innovation, but no direct effect on performance. This suggests that beef producers should follow a balanced approach utilizing both an external market and an internal productivity focus to achieve superior returns as opposed to solely focusing on internal...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Market orientation; Beef production; Innovation; Performance; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53649
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Crop Supply Response under Risk: Impacts of Emerging Issues on Southeastern U.S. Agriculture AgEcon
Liang, Yan; Miller, J. Corey; Harri, Ardian; Coble, Keith H..
In this paper we consider factors that affect both crop prices and yields in order to examine supply responses of major crops in the Southeast. Due to the variable nature of crop production in the Southeast, previous studies that ignore price and yield risk may fail to capture one of the salient features of the region’s agriculture. Our results indicate supply elasticity values for corn, cotton, and soybeans of approximately 0.670, 0.506, and 0.195, respectively. Compared with the results of studies in other regions, corn and cotton acres respond more to price changes and soybean acres respond less to price changes.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Acreage supply; Crop supply response model; Risk analysis; Southeast U.S. agriculture; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104615
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Natural Resource Management, Food Security and Rural Development in Zambia: Moving From Research to Action AgEcon
Simasiku, Phyllis; Chapoto, Antony; Richardson, Robert B.; Sichilongo, Mwape; Tembo, Gelson; Weber, Michael T.; Zulu, Alimakio.
More effective policies are needed to improve access and secure rights to land and other natural resources for various stakeholders, particularly smallholder farmers. Service delivery at all levels of governance needs to be restructured and strengthened in order to promote and improve economic development and management of natural resources in both open and protected areas. New strategies are needed for protecting and developing natural resource areas based on appropriate resource management systems that promote broad-based participation and sharing of benefits, and offer potential for more effective community-based natural resource management. Improvements are needed in natural resource policy and law review processes in order to take better advantage...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Zambia; Food security; Rural development; Natural resource management; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q16; Q18; Q27; Q30.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58543
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The Impact of the Kansas Wheat Breeding Program on Wheat Yields, 1911–2006 AgEcon
Nalley, Lawton Lanier; Barkley, Andrew P.; Chumley, Forrest G..
This paper quantifies advances of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (KAES) wheat breeding program for two time periods: (1) 1911 to 2006 and (2) 1977 to 2006. Using multiple regression, increases in yields of wheat varieties grown in Kansas are quantified, holding growing conditions and other improvements in productivity constant. Differences in KAES variety yields and those released by other public and private breeders are quantified. During the ‘‘new age’’ of wheat breeding (1977–2006), wheat breeding alone is found to have increased yields by 6.182 bushels per acre, or an average increase of 0.206 bushels per year.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Wheat yield; Public wheat breeding; Multiplicative heteroscedasticity; Economic impact of technological change; Agribusiness; Farm Management; O13; Q16.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47267
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An impact evaluation of technology adoption by smallholders in Sichuan, China: the case of sweet potato-pig systems AgEcon
Lapar, Ma. Lucila A.; Ngoc Toan, Nguyen; Zou, Chengyi; Liu, Jinyuan; Li, Xianglin; Randolph, Thomas F..
We employ propensity score matching (PSM) framework to examine the impact of sweet potato-based feed technology adoption on household-based pig production in Sichuan, China. An ex post survey in six villages was conducted in 2009, of which five villages were in project intervention sites (exposed area) and one village in the same township but not exposed to project intervention (non-exposed area). We randomly selected 111 households in the exposed areas from the list of households previously interviewed in a baseline survey and 53 households from non-exposed area. Matching estimators such as nearest neighbor matching (NNM), radius matching (RM) and kernel matching (KM) were used to estimate average treatment effects. Results indicate positive net benefit...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Technology adoption; Impact assessment; Crop-livestock systems; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; O22; O33; Q16.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100577
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Carbon Markets and Methane Digesters: Potential Implications for the Dairy Sector AgEcon
Key, Nigel D.; Sneeringer, Stacy E..
Anaerobic digesters that capture and burn manure methane can provide a renewable source of energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Paying producers for these emission reductions—either directly or through a carbon offset market—could substantially increase digester adoption. However, there is likely to be wide variation in the scale, location, and characteristics of adopters, so these policies could have long run structural implications for the livestock sector. Using a model of digester profits and data from a nationally-representative survey of dairy operations we estimate the likely distribution of digester adoption and profits under different carbon price scenarios.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digester; Carbon offsets; Climate change; Distribution; Livestock; Methane; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q42; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117952
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