SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Bulgheroni, Claudia; Sali, Guido.

This paper presents a regional model, based on Positive Mathematical Programming, which aims to evaluate the consequences of Fischler reform on the agricultural sector of the Lombardy irrigated lowland (Northern Italy). The model main focus is to quantify the agricultural land use changes due to the farmers reaction to the CAP reform main issues, such as single payment, and to simulate possible scenarios for the future. The model takes into account also the Water Frame Directive principles, in order to combine the assessment of both CAP issues and the potential irrigation water supplies reduction, which could deeply affect the area. The model input are obtained by means of the integration between FADN and SIARL (Agricultural Information System of Lombardy...

Assessing the impact of rural policy on biodiversity: High Nature Value Farming in Italy

Palavras-chave: CAP modelling; Fischler Reform; Positive Mathematical Programming; Regional model; Water Frame Directive; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q15; C61.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44827

Trisorio, Antonella; Borlizzi, Andrea.

Farming practices and the conservation value of farmland are intimately interconnected. The recent policy debate has shed light on the need to address farming activities towards a more sustainable path, and has advocated for a reallocation of payments towards farming systems that provide public goods. This paper aims to explore likely HNV farms policy needs through the use of HNV farming system indicators.

Distributional effects of direct payments in Switzerland

Palavras-chave: High Nature Value; Monitoring and evaluation; Biodiversity indicator; Farming systems.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q57.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100042

El Benni, Nadja; Mann, Stefan; Lehmann, Bernard.

The switch from market-support to direct payments in Switzerland had impacts on the income distribution among farmers. In this paper, the distributional effect of the switch as a whole and of the different kinds of direct payments are elaborated through a presentation of different decomposed Gini coefficients. Although the income distribution in Swiss Agriculture is still more equal than in most other countries, the Gini coefficient has risen from 0.27 in 1990 to 0.38 in 2009 and is by now strongly dependent on the composition of direct payments. Off-farm income and direct payments decrease, while market income increases income inequality.

Efficiency of LEADER Programmes in the creation of tangible and intangible outputs: a Data Envelopment Analysis application to Local Action Groups performances

Palavras-chave: Income distribution; Direct payments; Gini decomposition; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q00; Q18; Q28..

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99368

Lopolito, Antonio; Giannoccaro, Giacomo; Prosperi, Maurizio.

An emerging requirement for the evaluation of the rural development policy is the adoption of an objective method accounting for both material and immaterial achievements, and measuring the performance in order to understand the degree of accomplishment of policy objectives. In this paper we propose a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach capable of dealing with economic and social indicators, to measure the (relative) technical efficiency of a set of Local Action Groups (LAGs) operating within the LEADER programme. An evaluation exercise referred to eight LAGs located in Italy, is provided to demonstrate the effects of the inclusion of social capital indicator in the evaluation of the LAGs’ performances. In particular, the DEA allows to measure the...

Agricultural Protection and Poverty in Indonesia: A General Equilibrium Analysis

Palavras-chave: Rural Development; LEADER; Social capital; DEA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; R58.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99429

Warr, Peter G..

A general equilibrium modeling approach is used to estimate the effects within Indonesia of unilateral and global trade liberalization, including effects on poverty incidence. It is concluded that global reform of trade policy in all commodities is a significant potential source of poverty reduction for Indonesia. The poor – rural and urban – have a strong interest in global trade policy reform. If Indonesia were to liberalize unilaterally, poverty incidence also would decline but the effect is small. If liberalization is confined to agricultural products, the effects are similar but the declines in poverty incidence within Indonesia are much smaller.

THE MARGINAL COST OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52788

Sauer, Johannes; Wossink, Ada.

A3_2

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE 2003 CAP REFORM AND THE NITRATE DIRECTIVE ON THE ARABLE FARMING SYSTEM IN THE MIDI-PYRÉNÉES REGION: BIO-ECONOMIC MODELING AT FIELD, FARM AND REGIONAL LEVELS

Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental services; Bio-economic modelling; Economies of scale and scope; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q57; Q58.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93939

Louhichi, Kamel; Belhouchette, Hatem; Wery, Jacques; Therond, Olivier; Flichman, Guillermo.

This paper analyses the impact of the 2003 CAP reform (the so-called Fischler Reform) and its interaction with the Nitrate Directive on the sustainability of selected arable farming systems in a French region (Midi-Pyrénées). The Nitrate Directive is one of the oldest EU environmental programs designed to reduce water pollution by nitrate from agricultural sources, through a set of measures, defined at regional level, and mandatory for farmers of vulnerable zones. This impact analysis is performed through a bio-economic modelling framework coupling the crop model CropSyst and the farm-based model FSSIM developed, within the EU FP6 SEAMLESS project (Van Ittersum et al., 2008). The 2003 CAP reform was compared first to the continuation of Agenda 2000...

Zambia's 2005 Maize Import and Marketing Experiences: Lessons and Implications

Palavras-chave: Integrated assessment; Agricultural Policy; Nitrate Directive; Bioeconomic modelling; Multi-scale analysis.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q52; Q58.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44826

Mwanaumo, Anthony; Jayne, Thomas S.; Zulu, Ballard; Shawa, Julius J.; Mbozi, Green; Haggblade, Steven; Nyembe, Misheck.

This paper shows how government actions can affect the performance of the maize marketing system and influence the severity of food crises. Examples from the 2005/06 marketing season are used to illustrate how Zambia’s food security situation can be improved through closer consultation, transparency and predictability between government and the private sector. The paper also identifies longer-run options for strengthening the ability of local and regional markets to ensure household and national food security in the face of maize production instability.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Zambia; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54615

Modeling Beef Quality Heterogeneity

Lusk, Jayson L.; Norwood, F. Bailey.

The effects of various supply and demand shifts on beef price, quantity, and industry welfare have been widely studied under the assumption of beef quality homogeneity. In this paper, we construct a model of the beef sector that incorporates differences in beef quality. The model is used to analyze the effect of supply and demand shifts on changes in prices and quantities of high-and low-quality beef and changes in revenue accruing to producers of high-and low-quality beef. Model results indicate that supply and demand shocks have the potential to alter the average quality of beef on the market and the price premium charged for high-quality beef, which has important implications for retailers selling quality-differentiated beef and producers selling...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Beef; Equilibrium displacement model; Multisector model; Quality heterogeneity; Q11; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43483

Price volatility on the German Agricultural Markets

Ledebur, Oliver von; Schmitz, Jochen.

In this contribution, the development of price volatility on German agricultural markets is analyzed. We quantify the degree of price volatility for selected German agricultural markets and determine how it evolves over time and search for policy driven structural changes in volatility levels measured by the historical volatility. Based on annualised historical volatilities t test were performed to identify if the change in the volatility levels show any relationship to the process of reform of the CAP. An increase in volatility could be identified for the main German markets regulated by the Common Market Organisations. A positive relationship among the reform process of the CAP and the changes of the volatility levels could be identified particularly for...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Volatility; German agricultural markets; Agricultural policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q11; Q13; Q18.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122534

Seasonal Analysis of Selected Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Prices at Wholesale Level in Key Urban Markets of Kenya

Mathenge, Mary K.; Tschirley, David L..

Agricultural commodities typically show a strong seasonal pattern in production, with supplies which come off the farm during one or perhaps two distinct periods of the year having to meet relatively stable demand over the course of the entire year. This seasonal pattern in production can give rise to strong seasonal patterns in price movements, with low prices during and shortly after the harvest, rising to peaks just prior to the next harvest. Understanding this price seasonality, the typical timing and levels of seasonal highs and lows, and the reliability of each, is a key task for anyone wishing to understand the market for an agricultural commodity. This paper presents the results of seasonal analysis for seven fresh fruit and vegetable crops in...

Impact Of Greenhouse Gas Abatement Targets On Agricultural Activity

Palavras-chave: Food Security; Food Policy; Wholesale Fruit and Vegetable Prices; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55166

Donnellan, Trevor; Gillespie, Patrick; Hanrahan, Kevin F..

As part of its continuing commitment to address the causes of climate change, the EU has agreed reduction targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to be achieved by 2020. In the case of Ireland the target is a reduction of 20 percent relative to the 2005 level. Agriculture is a major source of GHG emissions in Ireland, comprising 26.8 percent of total GHG emissions in 2007. Understanding the scale and cost of the decrease in agricultural production required to achieve this reduction in GHG emissions is particularly important, as is the comparison of the cost of this approach with a range of possible other means of achieving emissions reductions in the sector. This study finds that, even with reduced fertiliser usage and more extensive production...

Marketed Outputs and Non-Marketed Outputs: The Marginal Costs of Producing Ecosystem Services

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Policy analysis; Partial equilibrium modelling; Baseline; Scenario analysis; GHG; Kyoto; Climate; Ireland; FAPRI; EU Gold Model; Abatements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q11; Q17; Q18; Q54.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51050

Wossink, Ada; Sauer, Johannes.

We provide a new approach for assessing the cost of marginal ecosystem changes and the effectiveness of green payment schemes. The approach is based on a theoretical and empirical analysis of the bio-economic production interactions between marketed outputs and non-marketed ecosystem services at the micro level. To frame the economic nature of the problem, we employ a generalized joint production model in combination with cost minimization. The generalized joint production framework allows for the consideration of complementary, supplementary and competitive relationships between agricultural production and non-marketed ecosystem services generation and avoids double counting. From this theoretical model we distinguish three theoretical cases depending on...

Agriculture and Income Distribution: Insights from a SAM of the Italian Economy

Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Green payments; Bio-economic modelling; Economies of scale and scope; Program evaluation.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q18; Q57; Q58..

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60804

Rocchi, Benedetto; Romano, Donato; Stefani, Gianluca.

The paper presents the results of the first SAM analysis of the agricultural sector in Italy. A SAM of the Italian economy has been properly modified in order to focus the analysis on agriculture. Two type of analysis have been carried out: (i) a multiplier analysis, and (ii) an assessment of the distributive impacts of different agricultural policies. This paper proposes also a new method for disaggregating the institutional sectors and production factors in order to analyze income distribution within the economy, with special emphasis on the agricultural sector. Main results are: (i) "fully" decoupled income supporting schemes (transfers to agricultural households) are the most equitable interventions and determine a perfect targeting of the distributive...

Investing in Agriculture for Growth and Food Security in the ACP Countries

Palavras-chave: Social accounting matrix; Agriculture; Income distribution; Italy; Labor and Human Capital; R13; R15; Q18; E25.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24919

Skoet, Jakob; Stamoulis, Kostas G.; Deuss, Annelies.

Countries in the ACP region will face significant challenges in the years to come as they try to step up economic growth, deal with increasingly integrated world markets and meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially those focused on hunger and poverty. These efforts will take place in the face of declining external assistance and many competing demands on resources. The analysis in the paper shows that agriculture and rural economic activities are essential for growth, poverty reduction and food security especially for the poorer countries in the region. However trends in public resource mobilisation for agriculture and rural development (in terms of both domestic spending and Official Development Assistance) do not reflect that important...

Net Taxpayer Cost of WIC Infant Formula

Palavras-chave: ACP countries; Hunger; Agriculture; Rural development; Food security; Resource mobilisation.; Food Security and Poverty; F35; H54; H55; Q18; R11; O12.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23802

Levedahl, J. William; Reed, Albert J..

This paper combines expressions for infant formula retail price flexibilities of the contract brand with respect to the rebate and participant demand presented by Reed and Levedahl (2012)with historical data on rebates and participant demand to calculate how the magnitude of net taxpayer costs has been affected by changes in rebates and participant demand. These results are used to compare the relative impact of these variables on the net cost to taxpayers of WIC infant formula and to evaluate how effective sole-source contracts have been at containing taxpayer costs.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Cost containment; Infant formula rebates; WIC participant demand; Sole-source contracts; Agricultural and Food Policy; Public Economics; Q11; Q18.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124073

Agri-Environmental Program Compliance in a Heterogeneous Landscape

Lankoski, Jussi E.; Lichtenberg, Erik; Ollikainen, Markku.

Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum. But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement. This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers. While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring. We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs. An empirical simulation model suggests...

Effects of Government Maize Marketing and Trade Policies on Maize Market Prices in Kenya

Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18; H23.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37797

Jayne, Thomas S.; Meyers, Robert J.; Nyoro, James K..

The objectives of this paper are to determine the effects of NCPB maize trading activity and the maize import tariff on wholesale maize market price levels and volatility. The analysis uses monthly maize price and trade data covering the period January 1990 to September 2004. Results are based on a vector autoregression (VAR) approach that allows estimation of a counterfactual set of maize prices that would have occurred over the 1990-2004 period had the NCPB not existed and trade restrictions been removed. Assessed are the separate impacts of policy on wholesale prices in Kitale, a major surplus-producing area, and Nairobi, the major urban demand center in the country.

Smallholder Income Diversification in Zambia: The Way Out of Poverty?

Palavras-chave: Food Security; Food Policy; Maize Marketing Trade Policies; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55162

Bigsten, Arne; Tengstam, Sven.

This paper investigates the relationship between income diversification and income change within Zambian smallholder households, and investigates what the constraints of income diversification are in this group. A panel data set of roughly 7000 smallholder farmer households interviewed in 2001 and 2004 is used. Different combinations of the four main income generating activities – farm income, agricultural wage work, non-agricultural wagework, and own-business income – are analyzed.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Smallholder; Income; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54490

Analysis of Adult Mortality Within Rural Households in Mozambique and Implications for Policy

Mather, David; de Marrule, Higino Francisco; Donovan, Cynthia; Weber, Michael T.; Alage, Albertina.

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique