Home Itens selecionados Provedores de dados OAI Créditos Sobre Ajuda

			Busca avançada
	Provedor de dados Veterinaria México (1) Autor Fuentes Arriaga,Raquel (1) Gutiérrez Castillo,Adriana (1) Soriano Vargas,Edgardo (1) Talavera Rojas,Martín (1) Vázquez Navarrete,Jesús (1) Palavra-chave Escherichia coli (1) Integrones (1) Multirresistencia antibiótica (1) Tipo do documento Info:eu-repo/semantics/article (1) Ano 2013 (1) País Mexico (1) Idioma Espanhol (1)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 265 Primeira ... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ... Última Economics of Pollution Trading for SO2 and NOx AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Evans, David A.; Krupnick, Alan J.; Palmer, Karen L.; Toth, Russell. For years economists have urged policymakers to use market-based approaches such as cap-and-trade programs or emission taxes to control pollution. The SO2 allowance market created by Title IV of the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments represents the first real test of the wisdom of economists' advice. Subsequent urban and regional applications of NOx emission allowance trading took shape in the 1990s in the United States, culminating in a second large experiment in emission trading in the eastern United States that began in 2003. This paper provides an overview of the economic rationale for emission trading and a description of the major U.S. programs for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). We evaluate these programs along measures of... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Emission trading; Power plants; Air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; Q25; Q28; D78. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10488 Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the EU: A spatial assessment of sources and abatement costs AgEcon de Cara, Stephane; Houze, Martin; Jayet, Pierre-Alain. Agriculture contributes significantly to the emissions of greenhouse gases in the EU. By using a farm-type, linear-programming based model of the European agricultural supply, we first assess the initial levels of methane and nitrous oxide emissions at the regional level in the EU. For a range of CO2 prices, we assess the potential abatement that can be achieved through an IPCC-based emission tax in EU agriculture, as well as the resulting optimal mix of emission sources in the total abatement. Further, we show that the spatial variability of the abatement actually achieved at a given carbon price is large, indicating that abatement cost heterogeneity is a fundamental feature in the design of a mitigation policy. We assess the efficiency loss associated... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas emissions; Agriculture; Methane; Nitrous oxide; European Union; Marginal abatement costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q15. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58401 The Impact of Urbanization on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Developing Countries AgEcon Martinez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada. This paper analyzes the impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions in developing countries. In this study we treat population as a predictor in the model, instead of assuming a unitary elasticity of emissions with respect to population growth. We contribute to the existing literature by examining the effect of urbanization, taking into account the presence of heterogeneity in the sample of countries and testing for the stability of the estimated elasticities over time. The sample covers the period from 1975 through 2005 for different groups of countries, classified according to their income levels. Our results show that, whereas the impact of population growth on emissions is above unity and only slightly different for upper, middle, and low-income countries,... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: CO2 Emissions; Developing Countries; Panel Data; Population Growth; Urbanization; Q25; Q4; Q54. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37673 Measuring the Value of Health Improvements from Great Lakes Cleanup AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Krupnick, Alan J.. Exposure to pollutants in the Great Lakes Region can have significant effects on human health. Some forms of pollution affect humans directly, through the air we breathe and water we drink. Other forms of pollution affect humans indirectly, for example through consumption of contaminated fish. In this paper we describe methods to measure health benefits in monetary and nonmonetary terms in the context of reductions in pollutants as part of a program to improve the environment in the Great Lakes. The paper is meant to be an introduction to this topic for a general audience interested in the Great Lakes. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Great Lakes; Health; Benefit-cost analysis; Health Economics and Policy; I12; Q25. Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10861 Carbon Leakage with International Technology Spillovers AgEcon Gerlagh, Reyer; Kuik, Onno. In this paper we study the effect of international technology spillovers on carbon leakage. We first develop and analyse two simple competing models for carbon leakage. The first model represents the pollution haven hypothesis. It focuses on the international competition between firms that produce energy-intensive goods. The second model highlights the role of a globally integrated carbon-energy market. We calculate formulas for the leakage rates in both models and, through meta-analysis, show that the second model captures best the major mechanisms reported in the CGE literature on carbon leakage. We extend this model with endogenous energy-saving technology and international technology spillovers. This feature is shown to decrease carbon leakage. We... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon-Leakage; Climate Policy; Induced Technological Change; Trade and Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; O39; Q25; Q4. Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9328 Meta Analysis in Model Implementation: Choice Sets and the Valuation of Air Quality Improvements AgEcon Banzhaf, H. Spencer; Smith, V. Kerry. We document the sensitivity of welfare estimates derived from discrete choice models to assumptions about the choice set. Such assumptions can affect welfare estimates through both the estimated parameters of the model and, conditional on the parameters, the substitution among alternatives. Our analysis involves estimates of the benefits of air quality improvements in Los Angeles based on discrete choices of neighborhood and housing. We further illustrate the use of meta analysis to document and summarize voluminous information derived from repeated sensitivity analyses. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Meta analysis; Random utility model; Choice set; Air quality; Housing; Environmental Economics and Policy; C15; Q25; R21. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10453 Establecimiento de un precio optimo ambiental y social para el agua de riego mediante la internalizacion de los costes ambientales y el uso de matrices de contabilidad social... AgEcon Elorrieta, Jose Ignacio; Castellano, E.; de Anguita, P. Martinez; Pellitero, M.; Rey, Concepcion. RESUMEN: Se propone una metodología para obtener un "precio social y ambiental óptimo" que pueda aplicarse al agua de riego en la Comunidad Foral de Navarra (CFN) de modo que maximice la internalización de los costes ambientales asociados al consumo no contemplados en el actual precio sin que el nivel general de la economía regional se resienta. Para ello se elabora un modelo económico sobre un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) que permite cuantificar y valorar los costes ambientales en cada una de las subcuencas de la Comunidad. Para valorar íntegramente el agua, los elementos que se tienen en cuenta son: volumen, calidad y riesgo de afectar a los ecosistemas acuáticos y de ribera. Estos valores son estimados mediante métodos de valoración... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Water; Social optimal price; GIS; Social Accounting Matrix (SAM); Externalities; Q25; Q14. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28745 An Econometric Test of the Endogeneity of Institutions: Water Markets in the Western United States AgEcon Hansen, Kristiana; Howitt, Richard E.; Williams, Jeffrey C.. Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/05. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Water markets; Institutions; Environmental costs; Third-party costs; Water rights; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19548 The Economics of Technology Diffusion: Implications for Climate Policy in Developing Countries AgEcon Blackman, Allen. Recent efforts to forge a consensus on the role developing countries should play in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions have focused attention on climate friendly technologies (CFTs), most notably those that enhance energy efficiency. In the medium term, the effectiveness of technology-based climate strategies will depend critically on the rates at which CFTs diffuse in developing countries. This paper reviews some of the key findings of the economics research on technology diffusion and assesses the implications for climate policy. The most obvious lessons from this research are that widespread diffusion of CFTs may take decades, and that diffusion rates in developing and industrialized countries are likely to be quite different. In addition, the... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Technology diffusion; Climate change; Developing countries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; O38; Q25; Q28; O48. Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10574 Community Pressure and Clean Technology in the Informal Sector: An Econometric Analysis of the Adoption of Propane by Traditional Mexican Brickmakers AgEcon Blackman, Allen; Bannister, Geoffrey J.. In many developing countries the informal sector, comprised of low-technology unlicensed micro-enterprises, is a major source of pollution. Environmental management in this sector is exceptionally challenging. Though clean technologies offer a means of mitigating the problem, to our knowledge there has been no rigorous empirical research on why informal (or even small-scale) firms do and do not adopt them. As a first step towards filling this gap, this paper presents the results of an econometric analysis of the diffusion of propane among informal 'traditional' brickmakers in Cd. Juárez, Mexico--a leading source of air pollution owing to their reliance on cheap, highly polluting fuels such as used tires and scrap wood. The two key policy implications of... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Environment; Community pressure; Clean technology; Informal sector; Technology adoption; Brickmaking; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; O17; O22; O33; Q25; C25; L61. Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10529 The Evolution of NOx Control Policy for Coal-Fired Power Plants in the United States AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Evans, David A.. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx ) contribute to formation of particulate matter and ozone, and also to acidification of the environment. The electricity sector is responsible for about 20% of NOx emissions in the United States, and the sector has been the target of both prescriptive (command-and-control) and flexible (cap-and-trade) approaches to regulation. We summarize the major NOx control policies affecting this sector, and provide some perspectives as to their effectiveness. While both prescriptive and flexible approaches continue to play an important role, significant new proposals have wholly embraced a cap-and-trade approach. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Cap and trade; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Ozone; Nitrogen oxides; Acid rain; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q4; D62; Q28. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10645 Water Markets and Third Party Effects AgEcon Bourgeon, Jean-Marc; Easter, K. William; Smith, Rodney B.W.. We examine the potential effects of water trading on aggregate welfare and income distribution across the agricultural and service sector of a small rural economy. We show that per capita welfare (real income) of agents in the region increase with increased water trading. Not surprisingly, if enough agents leaves the region (income flight), nominal income can fall. If the share of household income spent on services is large (small) relative to the cost share of services in agricultural production, then the service price increases (decreases) with increased water trading. Typically when the service price falls (increases) farmers win (lose), service providers lose (win) and agricultural service providers almost always lose. Thus, a natural conflict emerges... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; R0. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25616 Application of a Spatial Water Model in a Chinese Watershed AgEcon Fang, Lan; Nuppenau, Ernst-August. China’'s fast growing economy has brought some environmental problems, especially in water administration. Inefficiencies in irrigation activities have created severe negative effects to the environment of rural communities, and the more serious water shortages hamper food production, too. Major questions at hand are, how to improve water use efficiency, to reduce negative external effects, to optimize water allocation in agriculture, to invest in water saving technologies, and to assure more water for high value added agriculture. This paper investigates the impacts of irrigation technologies and investments in water saving on the rural economy and the environment. By taking into account individual farmers' inclination to adopt modern water-saving... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: A spatial model; Water use efficiency; Adoption of irrigation technology; Technology; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; Q25; Q56. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25437 Water use efficiency and maximizing profitability of grain sorghum production in the Texas Panhandle AgEcon Ahamadou, Aly; Dembele, Mamadou; Almas, Lal K.; Brooks, Kathleen R.. The reduction in the availability of irrigation water and the increase in pumping costs resulting from the decline in the Ogallala Aquifer make good management decisions more critical for the survival of the farm firm and the success of the agricultural sector in the Texas Panhandle. Response functions for irrigation and percentage potential evapotranspiration (PET) in the production of grain sorghum are estimated. The response functions are transferred into value product functions and combined with an irrigation energy cost function to determine the profit maximizing irrigation strategy. Three management decision variables; total water available, the level of irrigation and the water to meet crop ET requirements are evaluated. Grain sorghum yield,... Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Grain sorghum; ET; Maximizing profit; Irrigation efficiency; Input use optimization; Water conservation; Ogallala Aquifer; Texas Panhandle.; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q15; Q25; Q32; And Q34. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119801 The Market-based Lead Phasedown AgEcon Newell, Richard G.; Rogers, Kristian. The U.S. lead phasedown was effective in meeting its environmental objectives, and did so more quickly with the allowance of permit banking. The marketable lead permit system was highly costeffective, saving hundreds of millions of dollars relative to comparable policies not allowing trading or banking. Estimates suggest that transaction costs brought about only a modest reduction in program efficiency. The market-based nature of the program also provided incentives for more efficient adoption of new lead-removing technology, relative to a uniform standard. Distributionally, it is likely that the program was actually more responsive to the cost concerns of small refiners than a similar uniform standard would have been. The flexibility of the program likely... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Lead phasedown; Gasoline; Tradable permit; Market-based policy; Technology adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q21. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10445 The Effects of Well Management and the Nature of the Aquifer on Groundwater Resources AgEcon Huang, Qiuqiong; Liu, Yang; Rozelle, Scott; Polasky, Stephen; Wang, Jingxia. This paper examines how the nature of a common property resource affects the effectiveness of community-based management on resource conservation. We focus on groundwater management in rural China because there are different types of community-based groundwater management in different communities. In some communities wells are collectively owned and the community leader allocates water among households. In our paper we call this collective well management. In other communities wells are privately owned and households make their own pumping decisions. We call this private well management. In comparing the effects of different types of well management on the groundwater resource, unlike previous studies, we control for the nature of the aquifer. Communities... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Community-based management; Connected community; Isolated community; Collective well management; Private well management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; O17. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49920 Smiley or Frowney: The effect of emotions and framing in a downstream water pollution game AgEcon Czap, Hans J.; Czap, Natalia V.; Khachaturyan, Marianna; Burbach, Mark E.; Lynne, Gary D.. Common-pool resources and other shared resources frequently suffer from overextraction/overuse and associated negative externalities. In this paper we design a framed laboratory experiment on downstream water pollution to investigate (a) the importance of framing in determining the behavior of upstreamers regarding the negative externalities, and (b) the potential of downstreamers to influence the choices of upstreamers using non-monetary sanctions and rewards, alleviating the need for intervention by the local governments and regulatory institutions. Our results show that framing has a significant impact on the behavior of subjects. Subjects behaved more profit-oriented in the self-interest framing and more egalitarian in the empathy framing. In addition,... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Empathy framing; Self-interest framing; Emotions; Water pollution; Environmental experiment; Reward and punishment.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; C9; D03; Q25; Q53; Q57. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102696 Green Price Indices AgEcon Banzhaf, H. Spencer. This paper suggests two theoretically consistent and empirically tractable ways that a cost-ofliving index can be expanded to include the environment and other public goods. In addition, it presents an empirical illustration of such an index for Los Angeles, California, incorporating air quality and other spatially varying public goods using a hedonic model. The results indicate that the required information can be recovered and that including public goods can make a noticeable difference in the index. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Air quality; Green accounting; Hedonic regression; Nonmarket valuation; Price index; Demand and Price Analysis; E31; H40; I00; Q25; R10. Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10538 Electricity Restructuring and Regional Air Pollution AgEcon Palmer, Karen L.; Burtraw, Dallas. This paper investigates the regional air pollution effects that could result from new opportunities for inter-regional power transmission in the wake of more competitive electricity markets. The regional focus is important because of great regional variation in the vintage, efficiency and plant utilization rates of existing generating capacity, as well as differences in emission rates, cost of generation and electricity price. Increased competition in generation could open the door to changes in the regional profile of generation and emissions. We characterize the key determinant of changes in electricity generation and transmission as the relative cost of electricity among neighboring regions. In general, low cost regions are expected to export power... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Electricity restructuring; Transmission; Environmental Economics and Policy; L94; Q25; Q28. Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10766 River Sharing and Water Trade AgEcon Ansink, Erik; Gengenbach, Michael; Weikard, Hans-Peter. We analyse river sharing games in which a set of agents located along a river shares the available water. Using coalition theory, we find that the potential benefits of water trade may not be sufficient to make all agents in the river cooperate and acknowledge property rights as a prerequisite for trade. Specifically, a complete market for river water may not emerge if there are four or more agents along the river. Instead, a partial market may emerge where a subset of agents trades river water, with the possibility that other agents take some of the river water that passes their territory. Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: River Sharing; Water Trade; Market Emergence; Property Rights; Coalition Stability; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; D74; H23; Q25. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122860 Registros recuperados: 265 Primeira ... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ... Última

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Todos os direitos reservados, conforme Lei n° 9.610 Política de Privacidade Área restrita		Embrapa Parque Estação Biológica - PqEB s/n° Brasília, DF - Brasil - CEP 70770-901 Fone: (61) 3448-4433 - Fax: (61) 3448-4890 / 3448-4891 SAC: https://www.embrapa.br/fale-conosco