SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Burdina, Elena; Pfeifer, Nelli; Mustafina, Guljauhar.

Sustainable development assumes developing resource and energy saving activities that helps to environment and ecology preservation. The paper describes global cases how the energy safety, economic growth and environment could be achieved through right policies. The author indicates on the related issue of ecologic competence and education.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Ecologic problems; Environment; Energy and resource saving; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94554

TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND CONTAMINATION BY COFFEE PROCESSING A BIOECONOMIC MODEL AT THE WATERSHED LEVEL IN HONDURAS

Barbier, Bruno; Hearne, Robert R.; Gonzalez, Jose Manuel; Nelson, Andy; Castaneda, Orlando Mejia.

In Honduras, traditional coffee processing is the cause of two major problems: poor coffee quality and contaminated water. In this paper we present a method that determines the trade-off between economic efficiency and contamination in a Honduran sub-watershed. The method is a bioeconomic model based on mathematical programming that stimulates the functioning of the interlinked economic and ecological processes in the sub-watershed. We compare various scenarii where the model is given the possibility of replacing traditional coffee processing plants with a network of improved ecological plants. For different levels of contamination the model determines the optimal location and size of new coffee processing plants along river streams by minimizing...

Greener Acres or Greener Waters? Potential U.S. Impacts of Agricultural Trade Liberalization

Palavras-chave: Coffee; Environment; Water quality; Mathematical programming; Transport cost; Spatial analysis; Watershed; Honduras.; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25930

Johansson, Robert C.; Cooper, Joseph C.; Vasavada, Utpal.

This paper examines the elimination of all agricultural policy distortions in all trading countries and agricultural production decisions in the United States, as well as subsequent environmental quality in the presence and absence of nondegradation environmental standards. The results suggest that trade liberalization has the potential to increase domestic production and boost agricultural returns by as much as 8.5 percent. Consumer surplus would likely fall, and the discharge of nutrients, sediment, and pesticides would likely increase. However, environmental policies can limit these adverse environmental impacts and mute the potential decrease in consumer surplus, while leaving increased returns to agricultural production.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade reform; Environment; Nondegradation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10195

Trade, Technique and Composition Effects: What is Behind the Fall in World-Wide SO2 Emissions 1990-2000?

Grether, Jean-Marie; Mathys, Nicole A.; de Melo, Jaime.

Replaced with revised version of paper 10/18/07.

Risky Activities and Strict Liability Rules: Delegating Safety

Palavras-chave: Trade; Growth; Environment; Decomposition; Embodied Emissions in Trade; Transport; International Relations/Trade; F11; Q56.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7448

Mondello, Gerard.

This paper studies the delegation of activities that pose serious risks to health and the environment in an economy regulated by strict liability schemes. Strict liability induces judgment-proof possibilities. Two civil liability regimes are then compared: a strict liability scheme and a capped strict liability one. The argument is led under a twofold asymmetric information assumption between the principal and the agent: the efficiency level in effort for safety and the agent’s level of wealth. The paper shows that standard strict liability under information asymmetries deters the efficient agent to compete and favors adverse selection. Then, under conditions, a capped strict liability regime is a better regime than a standard strict liability one because...

A Tale of Two Market Failures: Technology and Environmental Policy

Palavras-chave: Environment; Strict Liability; Ex-Ante Regulation; Ex-Post Liability; Judgment-Proof; Environment Law; CERCLA; Environmental Liability; Health Economics and Policy; K0; K32; Q01; Q58.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94621

Jaffe, Adam B.; Newell, Richard G.; Stavins, Robert N..

Market failures associated with environmental pollution interact with market failures associated with the innovation and diffusion of new technologies. These combined market failures provide a strong rationale for a portfolio of public policies that foster emissions reduction as well as the development and adoption of environmentally beneficial technology. Both theory and empirical evidence suggest that the rate and direction of technological advance is influenced by market and regulatory incentives, and can be cost-effectively harnessed through the use of economicincentive based policy. In the presence of weak or nonexistent environmental policies, investments in the development and diffusion of new environmentally beneficial technologies are very likely...

Environmental Perceptions and Behavioral Change of Hillside Farmers: The Case of Haiti

Palavras-chave: Technology; Research and development; Environment; Externality; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O38; Q28; H23.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10815

Bayard, Budry; Jolly, Curtis M..

Land degradation is one of the most serious problems facing resource-poor tropical hillside farmers. Studies examining determinants of farmers’ decisions to invest in land improvement technologies have focused on economic and financial factors, neglecting individuals’ perceptions and awareness of the problems and how they affect land use and behavioral change that enhance environmental sustainability. This study examines Haitian peasants’ environmental behavior structure using a structural equation modeling approach. Specifically, the study examines the effects of perceived susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and barriers to change on attitude, and the causal effect of attitude on behavior. The influence of the level of resources extracted from the land...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Farmers; Environment; Perception; Behaviour and degradation; Agricultural productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36804

The economics of trade, biofuel, and the environment

Hochman, Gal; Sexton, Steven E.; Zilberman, David.

The introduction of renewable biofuels was associated with global food crisis and unintended environmental consequences. This paper incorporates energy environment and agricultural sector to the classic Hecksher-Ohlin model to address these issues. A household production function model was introduced to model consumer energy choices and concern about externalities related to climate change and open space. The conceptual model links energy and food markets and derives guidelines for the development of climate change and land-use policies. The results suggest that globalization and capital flows increase demand for energy, leading to decline in food production, increase in food prices, and loss of environmental land. Globally optimal outcomes may require...

Environmentally sustainable tourism: International and Hungarian relations

Palavras-chave: Trade; Biofuel; Environment; Globalization; Capital flows; Technical changes; Household production; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D1; F1; Q4.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59254

David, Lorant; Baros, Zoltan.

Compliance with the principles of sustainability is now a general requirement with respect to any tourism strategy, tourism policy or management. Much has been written about the issue of sustainability and its relationship to tourism management and development. Still, their actual relationship is not always clear, and whilst a number of methodologies profess to be sustainable, there is no clear statement as to how that can be achieved. It is generally accepted, irrespective of the sustainability model used, that there are three key components or strands to sustainability: economic, social and environmental. It is in working towards a balance between the competing demands of all three components that progress towards sustainability can be achieved. One...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Tourism; Sustainable development; Environment; Turizmus; Fenntartható fejlődés; Környezet; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92542

FATORES DE DEGRADAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NOS AGROPOLOS DO CEARÁ

Cruz, Carlos Eduardo Braga; Lima, Joilson Silva; Brito, Ana Vladia Da Costa; Farias, Renata Maria De Oliveira; Lima, Patricia Veronica Pinheiro Sales.

Atualmente, a preservação dos recursos naturais tornou-se uma preocupação mundial, com isso vem se percebendo o aumento do número de pesquisas buscando verificar as principais causas da degradação do meio ambiente, como também a busca de alternativas que venham a solucionar ou amenizar os problemas causados pela degradação. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar os fatores sociais, ambientais e econômicos que potencializam a degradação ambiental nos agropolos do estado do Ceará. A área estudada abrange os 18 agropolos do Estado do Ceará. Os indicadores foram definidos segundo a literatura e obtidos a partir de dados secundários fornecidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e pelo Instituto de Pesquisa e Estratégia Econômica...

Resources Management within Nature Reserves in China

Palavras-chave: Meio ambiente; Antropismo; Environment; Anthropic; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113980

Xue, Dayuan.

This paper summarized existing national administrative system for nature reserves and described relevant legislation and concrete stipulations on resources management within nature reserves in China. It also concluded the present status for resources' utilization within reserves and their benefits, and revealed the problems arisen from the resources' development. Furthermore, based on the analyses for existing problems, the paper presented a series of suggestions for management of the resources' utilization within nature reserves in China by revising legislation, reforming economic policies, establishing management mechanism, environmental monitoring system and technical guidelines and standards, and allocating reasonably the benefits produced from...

Public values for improved water security for domestic and environmental use

Palavras-chave: Environment; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48362

Hazardous Activities and Civil Strict Liability: The Regulator’s Dilemma

Windle, Jill; Rolfe, John; Brouwer, Roy.

Metrics for evaluating environmental trade-offs can be developed with varying levels of consistency across case study sites. A key issue is whether standard evaluation experiments can be conducted over multiple sites, or whether experiments have to be tailored to each case study application. To test how useful a consistent approach is, choice modelling (CM) has been used in a number of countries. Choice modelling assess the trade-offs households are prepared to make between water use restrictions, maintaining environmental conditions in waterways, and increased water costs. This research paper reports the results of the Queensland survey. The results show that it is not possible to downplay case study framing issues and that it is not appropriate to...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Choice modelling; Water; Environment; Framing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94818

Mondello, Gerard.

This paper addresses the conditions for setting up strict civil liability schemes. For that it compares the social efficiency of two main civil liability regimes usually enforced to protect the environment: the strict liability regime and the “capped strict liability scheme”. First, it shows that the regulator faces an effective dilemma when he has to enforce one of these schemes. This because the social cost of a severe harm (and the associated optimum care effort) is determined independently of any liability regime. This independency has economic consequences. First, victims and polluters pit one against another about the liability regime that the government should enforce. Hence, financially constrained polluters prefer the ceiling of responsibilities...

Cost Heterogeneity and the Potential Savings from Market-Based Policies

Palavras-chave: Environment; Strict Liability; Ex-Ante Regulation; Ex-Post Liability; Judgment-Proof; Environment Law; CERCLA; Environmental Liability; Environmental Economics and Policy; K0; K32; Q01; Q58.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101299

Newell, Richard G.; Stavins, Robert N..

Policy makers and policy analysts are frequently faced with situations where it is unclear whether market-based instruments hold real promise of reducing costs, relative to conventional command-and-control approaches. We develop rules-of-thumb that can be employed with minimal amounts of information to estimate the potential cost savings associated with marketbased policies, with an application to the environmental policy realm. Our hope is that these simple formulae can aid policy analysts and policy makers in the early stages of exploring alternative policy instruments by helping them identify approaches that merit greater attention and more detailed analysis. We illustrate the use of the rules-of-thumb with an application to nitrogen oxides control in...

Environmental Regulations and Agricultural Competitiveness

Palavras-chave: Environment; Policy instruments; Cost-effective; Market-based; Tradable permits; Uniform standards; Industrial Organization; Q28; Q38.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10577

EDUCAÇÃO COOPERATIVA: A EXPERIÊNCIA DO PROGRAMA DO SICREDI “A UNIÃO FAZ A VIDA”

Colyer, Dale.

The cost of meeting environmental regulations can be a critical factor in determining the competitiveness of a product, since the cost advantages of producers in one country are often very slim. The existence of negative externalities means that prices are lower than would prevail if all costs where included in the prices of the products. Additional costs associated with new regulations have an effect on the continued importance of a country's agricultural exports. Governments often assist their agricultural sectors in overcoming the disadvantages through subsidies, tax breaks, technical assistance or other means. This assistance increasingly takes the form of green payments, which are currently exempt from the WTO limits imposed on domestic subsidies....

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Agricultural trade; Competitiveness; Environment; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23846

Lago, Adriano.

Em se tratando do modelo cooperativista, várias são as particularidades que o diferencia dos demais modelos empresarias não cooperativos, dentre elas, uma das principais e talvez relegada a segundo plano pela maioria das cooperativas, é a educação cooperativa, mesmo sendo caracterizada por muitos autores como essencial para a sobrevivência e desenvolvimento do modelo. Neste sentido, o presente estudo busca apresentar algumas particularidades e a importância da educação cooperativa para o modelo cooperativo e para a cooperação de forma geral, para tal, toma-se algumas referências teóricas que dão suporte a metodologia utilizada na apresentação de uma experiência concreta de educação cooperativa, que é o programa “A União Faz a Vida”, o qual foi idealizado e...

POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS AMBIENTAIS: A EXPERIÊNCIA DOS PAÍSES NO USO DE INSTRUMENTOS ECONÔMICOS COMO INCENTIVO À MELHORIA AMBIENTAL

Palavras-chave: Cooperativismo; Educação cooperativa; Meio ambiente; Cooperatives; Education; Environment; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113362

Kawaichi, Vanessa Mayumi; Miranda, Silvia Helena Galvao de.

Este trabalho consiste de uma revisão crítica dos estudos que relatam a experiência de diversos países na adoção de políticas públicas, visando conter os impactos ambientais em seu território. O principal objetivo é analisar comparativamente a adoção de instrumentos econômicos (IE) pelos países em suas políticas públicas ambientais, considerados os diferentes objetivos ambientais perseguidos. Identificaram-se instrumentos de incentivo adotados em 54 países, pesquisados na literatura nacional e internacional, organizados por objetivo ambiental (proteção de florestas, recursos hídricos, solo, atmosfera, entre outros), e pela natureza da política. Há uma crescente tendência de adoção dos Instrumentos Econômicos, em parceria com os de Comando e Controle ou...

Environmental Provisions in Recent Regional Trade Agreements (2008 & 2009)

Palavras-chave: Meio ambiente; Políticas públicas; Instrumentos de incentivo; Florestas; Resíduos; Environment; Public policies; Incentive instruments; Forests; Residues; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109660

Precaution: principles and practice in Australian environmental and natural resource management

Colyer, Dale.

Despite a failure to achieve closure on the Doha Round of WTO negotiations, regional and bilateral trade agreements involving a variety of countries have continued to be negotiated, signed and implemented. Most of the recent trade agreements have contained some environmental provisions, ranging from a pledge to protect the environment to very extensive environmental requirements. These results appear to reflect a recognition that trade has environmental consequences and that trade agreements can be constructed to help mitigate such effects.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Environment; Environmental provisions; Free trade; Trade agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90937

MEASURING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN LOW-INCOME AGRICULTURE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT AND FOREST PRESSURE IN PALAWAN, THE PHILIPPINES

Peterson, Deborah C..

Since the late 1980s, the concept of precaution has been incorporated into numerous international agreements and laws, as well as in domestic statutes and policies in many countries. This paper examines the international emergence of the concept and its application in Australia. Despite rapid growth in adoption of the so-called ‘precautionary principle’, the concept remains highly controversial, and its success in terms of improving environmental and natural resource management has been questioned. A common misconception is that the principle prescribes action. In fact, internationally accepted definitions are about decision-making processes. This paper argues that implementation guidelines are essential to ensure that precautionary decision-making is...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Environment; Natural resource management; Precautionary principle; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116985

Shively, Gerald E..

Data from the Philippines are used to measure impacts of technical progress in lowland agriculture on upland forests. Irrigation development, labor demand, and employment are studied. Total annual labor use increased following irrigation. Employment of household members living along forest margins increased also. Time allocation data from the uplands show that increases in employment among households living along the forest margin were accompanied by reductions in forest clearing and forest-degrading activities. Empirical findings show irrigation-induced increases in agricultural employment can reduce pressure on tropical forests. Implications for policies and trends in use of labor saving methods that could undermine the observed changes are discussed.