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Registros recuperados: 33
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Using involvement to understand responses to biosecurity AgEcon
Bewsell, Denise; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
The effectiveness of biosecurity measures at national borders is influenced by the behaviour and levels of involvement of travellers. Involvement is the importance or relevance of an object or situation to an individual. Involvement helps regulate the way in which people receive and process information and thus influences the extent of information searching for decision making, and information processing and persuasion. In this study, we drew on the concept of involvement to investigate the response of individuals to New Zealand biosecurity requirements. A range of people associated with the agricultural and food processing sectors were surveyed using a five item scale of involvement to measure their level of involvement in biosecurity. The results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Behaviour; Involvement; Biosecurity; Travellers; Information processing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97134
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Values of Ecosystem Services on Arable Land and the Role of Organic Farming AgEcon
Takatsuka, Yuki; Cullen, Ross; Wilson, Matthew; Wratten, Steve D..
Nationwide mail surveys implemented in November 2004 report New Zealand residents‟ willingness to pay for improvement in ecosystem services and support for organic farming on arable land. The surveys were split into two subsets: Canterbury, which is the region with most arable farming in the nation, and the other New Zealand regions. Analysis of the data reveals that Canterbury residents‟ willingness to pay for reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from arable farming is greater than their willingness to pay for improvement in water quality, while it is the opposite for residents in other regions. In addition, residents‟ willingness to fund an organic farming project that enhances certain ecosystem services is analyzed. The results provide insights for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Management; Organic Farming; Arable Farming; Choice Modeling.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98523
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Some External Costs of Dairy Farming in Canterbury AgEcon
Tait, Peter R.; Cullen, Ross.
Intensification of agricultural practices is occurring in Canterbury. Dairy farm conversions continue with land use increasing 132% since 1995. Current concerns emanate predominantly from issues of water quantity and quality, in particular the degradation of lowland streams. These and other costs are not transmitted through markets for dairy products, these negative externalities represent allocation and equity concerns for regional policy makers. This study canvassed regional policy administrators, assembled available valuation studies and performed rudimentary calculations based on reviewed New Zealand literature to form an estimate of the external costs of dairy farming in Canterbury. External costs are estimated at $28.7 to $45 million annually. Using...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Negative externalities; Dairy farming; Valuation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109595
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Preliminary Investigation Into The Benefits From Investments In Environmental Research: Case Studies on Water Clarity/Quality and The Biological Management of Possums AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Meyer-Hubbert, Gerit; Bicknell, Kathryn; Meister, Anton D.; Smallman, Clive; Su-Wuen, Ong.
MoRST is performing an evaluation of the funds invested in environmental research. The two case studies discussed in this paper contribute to the ongoing decision-making about this investment. Substantial funds have been invested in both research programmes identified. Because the main benefits associated with research output are environmental, they are difficult to value monetarily. Preliminary analysis suggests that at a discount rate of 6%, annual future benefit flows of $7 - $10 million will justify the water quality/clarity research. The expenditure on possum biocontrol will be justified if the research generates an annual future benefit flow of $20 million.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cost benefit analysis; Returns to research; Environmental research; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97788
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Investments in Environmental Research, Science and Technology: Their Impacts on Irrigation and Mussel Farming AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Meyer-Hubbert, Gerit; Bicknell, Kathryn; Meister, Anton D.; Smallman, Clive; Su-Wuen, Ong.
MoRST is evaluating the Environmental Research output class of the Public Good Science Fund to identify inter alia the impacts of Environmental RS&T spending. Three specific questions are: How effective has the funding on Environmental RS&T been? Is Environmental RS&T having a positive effect by delivering real benefits to New Zealand, particularly to the environment? What influences the link between research and tangible positive benefits? This paper reports how case studies applied to irrigated agriculture and mussel farming were used to provide partial answers to these three questions. The case studies proceed by noting the possible benefits that Environmental RS&T may have created, and then tracing the link back to specific research...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Environmental RS&T; Benefits; Irrigation; Agriculture; Mussel farming; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97783
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Values of Ecosystem Services Associated with Intense Dairy Farming in New Zealand AgEcon
Takatsuka, Yuki; Cullen, Ross; Wilson, Matthew; Wratten, Steve D..
The increase in greenhouse gas emissions and degradation of water quality and quantity in waterways due to dairy farming in New Zealand have become of growing concern. Compared to traditional sheep and beef cattle farming, dairy farming is more input intensive and more likely to cause such environmental damage. Our study uses choice modeling to explore New Zealanders’' willingness to pay for sustainable dairy and sheep/beef cattle farming. We investigate respondents'’ level of awareness of the environmental degradation caused by dairy farming and their willingness to make trade-offs between economic growth and improvements in the level of ecosystem services associated with pastoral farming.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Greenhouse gas emissions; Dairy farming; Choice modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10411
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The Existence Value of Peat Swamp Forest in Peninsular Malaysia AgEcon
Mohd Azmi, M.I.; Cullen, Ross; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Awang Noor, A.G..
Forests form the dominant natural ecosystem in Malaysia. About 55% of Malaysian land area is forested and endows a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Peat swamp forests constitute a significant component of forest and account for about 75% of the country’s total wetlands. Many peat swamp forests have already been converted to new land uses including palm oil plantations, agriculture and housing. The south-east Pahang peat swamp forest (SEPPSF), located at Pahang state is the largest peat swamp forest cover in Peninsular Malaysia and is believed to be the mainland Asia’s largest and intact peat swamp forest. It harbours unique flora and fauna, provides benefits and services of national interest and supports the livelihood of the aborigines (Orang Asli)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: SEPPSF; Economic value; CVM; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97133
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Stated Preference Evaluation of Government Budgets AgEcon
Kerr, Geoffrey N.; Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D..
Stated preference approaches are widely used in non-market valuation. However, their potential uses extend far beyond valuation. In particular they can be used to assess efficiency of resource allocations and to design optimal resource allocations. Changes to the government budget were evaluated using a choice experiment. Results indicate potential efficiency gains from reallocation of the budget to items with higher marginal utility. In particular, New Zealand residents want more spending on health, education and the environment, with health spending consistently having the highest marginal benefits. People want less government money spent on income support. The choice experiment was able to identify the impacts of demographic factors. Young people rated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Public preferences; Government budget; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98520
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Potential economic impacts of providing for Aquaculture Management Areas in Canterbury AgEcon
Meyer-Hubbert, Gerit; Cullen, Ross.
This research estimates the commercial costs and benefits associated with selected aquaculture projects in the Canterbury region. Mussel farming employment will most likely be generated in coastal communities that at present have few employment opportunities. These communities are likely to profit as well from increased infrastructure needs for the marine farming enterprise. Any development in the marine farming industry will take many years to reach full potential. This means that the costs and benefits from increased marine farming activities will be staggered over a number of years. It is acknowledged that the gains might be achieved at different locations than the losses occur. The effects on other stakeholders are often uncertain.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Mussel farming; Economic impact; Scenarios; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97787
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Addressing the wicked problem of water resource management: An ecosystem services approach AgEcon
Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.; Tompkins, Jean-Marie; Cullen, Ross.
This paper develops a systematic assessment of the sustainability of ecosystem services provided by rivers impacted by water storage projects. Given the conflicting preferences amongst stakeholders and the incomplete, uncertain and contradictory understanding about river ecology it is recognized that managing water resources sustainably is a wicked problem. In order to address this wicked problem, the methods of multi-criteria analysis and graph analysis are applied, in accordance with integrated water resource management, to assess the potential of investing in water storage projects and explore for sustainable solutions through the construction of an ecosystem services index.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Ecosystem services index; Graph analysis; Integrated water resource management; Multi-criteria analysis; Sustainability; Wicked problems; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q27; Q51; Q58; Q57.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100556
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Potential of Forest Resources to Alleviate Poverty and Unemployment in Rural Nepal AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
The study examines the importance of community forest resources for income and employment in rural areas of Nepal by studying the effect of current forestry policy on forestland use. Using data from 259 households in six community forest user groups in three hilly districts (Dolakha, Kavre and Nuwakot), the results show that the resources available from private lands and community forests with current policies are inadequate to fully utilize the family labour force of many rural households and are insufficient to meet the bare survival income of the poorest households. Current government policy dictates the use of all community forestland for limited timber production and environmental conservation, and provides little scope for fodder and firewood...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Community welfare model; Livelihood; Community forestry; Incomes; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31962
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Determinants of Forestry Investment and Extent of Forestry Expansion by Smallholders in New Zealand AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
While there has been a large increase in investment in plantation forestry in New Zealand by smallholders during the past decade, there are still many smallholders who have chosen not to become involved in this land use or who are using only a portion of their potentially planted land for forestry. To understand why this is the case, this paper studies two issues, the differences between those who have and have not established plantation forests, and the factors that explain the proportion of land used in forestry by small landholders who have identified that they have potentially plantable land. Land used for forest plantations is treated as a two-step decision process, where first a landowner must decide whether they would consider planting trees at...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Forestry investment; Land use change; Non-industrial forests; Double hurdle model; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50016
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Financing threatened species management: the costs of single species programmes and the budget constraint AgEcon
Moran, Emma; Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D..
In New Zealand total annual funding allows 15 percent of the 2,400 threatened species to be targeted for management. Although management costs are crucial to a conservation organisation's ability to achieve its goals, estimates of costs are not usually included in applications for funding or the preparation of recovery plans. Cost is also not generally a factor in priority ranking systems and cost-effectiveness analysis is rarely conducted. Using the results of analysis of 11 single species programmes for 2003-2012, this paper investigates the costs of management. It also considers the impact of the budget constraint on outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and investment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Threatened species; Management; Cost; Budget constraint; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98498
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Alternative to Comprehensive Ecosystem Services Markets: The Contribution of Forest-Related Programs in New Zealand AgEcon
Bhatta, Arun; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
Due to the public goods characteristics of many ecosystem services and their vital importance to human welfare, various mechanisms have been put in place to motivate private landowners in the provision of ecosystem services. A common approach is to try to develop a comprehensive ecosystem services market where landowners can receive payments from beneficiaries of ecosystem services. Much research has been directed at developing methods for valuing the range of ecosystem services so that they can be incorporated into ecosystem services markets. However, valuation methods are difficult, expensive and time consuming. Other approaches to the provision of ecosystem services such as payments for ecosystem services usually focus on a single service like water or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services market; Spill-over effect; Cost-effectiveness; New Zealand; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115350
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Priorities for, and preferred approaches to, management of New Zealand fresh waters AgEcon
Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Kerr, Geoffrey N.; Cullen, Ross; Shen, Fujun.
Since 2000 six standardised biennial public surveys of the state of the New Zealand environment have been undertaken. A fresh water case study was included in the 2010 postal survey and in an electronic survey. Desirable futures for New Zealand's fresh water resources, sources of damage to freshwater, preferred management approaches, and views about charges for commercial uses of water are reported. Respondents desire high quality water, are not prepared to trade that off for damaging economic gains, and support charges for commercial uses of water. We report public preferences for tools to manage water use.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Public perceptions; Fresh water; New Zealand; Economic instruments; Management; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96943
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An Emergent Economics of Ecosystem Management AgEcon
Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.; Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D..
Economics is an evolving and emerging field of study, so is the management of ecosystems. As such, this paper delineates the co-evolution of economic evaluation that reflects the various recognized ecosystem management approaches of anticipative, adaptive and capacitive ecosystem management. Each management approach is critiqued and from this theoretical analysis an emergent approach for the management of ecosystem is put forward, which accordingly suggests an alternative methodological approach for economic evaluations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Complexity; Creativity; Economic evaluation; Ecosystem management; Evolution; Open systems; Rationality; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31957
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Ecosystem services review of water projects AgEcon
Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.; Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D..
Water projects are typically evaluated using benefit cost analysis. Ecosystem services are the direct and indirect benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. Many of these benefits are ignored in benefit cost analysis, because of the absence of markets and the limited information or understanding of how the benefits from ecosystem services are produced. Regional or local government may be interested in learning how the value of ecosystem services associated with projects may change if a project occurs. Ecosystem Service Reviews aim to make ecosystem services explicit and quantifiable so that they can be accounted for in the evaluation of water use projects. Water storage projects can enable land use intensification to occur, and confer environmental...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services review;  water projects ; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58895
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Evaluation of Conservation Biological Control Innovation in Winegrowing AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Forbes, Sharon; Grout, Rachel; Smallman, Clive.
Conservation biological control (CBC) aims to improve conditions for natural enemies in agricultural landscapes and has the goal of reducing pest species below threshold level to thus avoid the need for synthetic chemicals. The CBC approach has been introduced in several counties, including New Zealand. Agricultural R&D is widely studied, however agricultural innovations and their adoption is less studied. A CBC practice introduced in Waipara vineyards is described in this paper and an evaluation of the uptake and economic sustainability of this innovation is provided. Results indicate that there are ongoing costs involved with maintaining the innovation and that adoption of the innovation is highly variable across winegrowing properties.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Innovation; Winegrowing; Conservation Biological Control; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97986
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Poverty Alleviation or Aggravation? The Impacts of Community Forestry Policies in Nepal AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
This research studies the effects on income and employment when externally imposed policies constrain use of common forest resources. Using a mixed-integer linear programming model, the study examines the impacts of conservation-oriented community forest policies in Nepal on three household income groups. The results show that current community forest policies, which direct forest use towards environment conservation and timber production, cause large reductions in employment and income of the poorest households and largely explain the recent increase in rural poverty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Policy; Poverty; Nepal; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25576
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Valuing agricultural externalities in Canterbury rivers and streams AgEcon
Tait, Peter R.; Cullen, Ross; Bicknell, Kathryn.
Water quality and quantity concerns in Canterbury are intrinsically related to agriculture. Monetary values for impacts on streams and rivers is lacking in policy debate. This paper employs choice modelling to estimate values of three impacts on rivers and streams in Canterbury associated with agriculture: health risks of E coli from animal waste, ecological effects of excess nutrients, and low-flow impacts of irrigation. This study provides a valuation of outcomes for public policy implemented in Canterbury such as The Dairy and Clean Streams Accord, Living Streams, and The Restorative Programme for Lowland Streams.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Non-market-valuation; Choice experiment; Agricultural externalities; New Zealand; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96445
Registros recuperados: 33
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